Update on the Mechanism of Action of Aripiprazole: Translational Insights into Antipsychotic Strategies Beyond Dopamine Receptor Antagonism.

Article Details

Citation

de Bartolomeis A, Tomasetti C, Iasevoli F

Update on the Mechanism of Action of Aripiprazole: Translational Insights into Antipsychotic Strategies Beyond Dopamine Receptor Antagonism.

CNS Drugs. 2015 Sep;29(9):773-99. doi: 10.1007/s40263-015-0278-3.

PubMed ID
26346901 [ View in PubMed
]
Abstract

Dopamine partial agonism and functional selectivity have been innovative strategies in the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia and mood disorders and have shifted the concept of dopamine modulation beyond the established approach of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) antagonism. Despite the fact that aripiprazole was introduced in therapy more than 12 years ago, many questions are still unresolved regarding the complexity of the effects of this agent on signal transduction and intracellular pathways, in part linked to its pleiotropic receptor profile. The complexity of the mechanism of action has progressively shifted the conceptualization of this agent from partial agonism to functional selectivity. From the induction of early genes to modulation of scaffolding proteins and activation of transcription factors, aripiprazole has been shown to affect multiple cellular pathways and several cortical and subcortical neurotransmitter circuitries. Growing evidence shows that, beyond the consequences of D2R occupancy, aripiprazole has a unique neurobiology among available antipsychotics. The effect of chronic administration of aripiprazole on D2R affinity state and number has been especially highlighted, with relevant translational implications for long-term treatment of psychosis. The hypothesized effects of aripiprazole on cell-protective mechanisms and neurite growth, as well as the differential effects on intracellular pathways [i.e. extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)] compared with full D2R antagonists, suggest further exploration of these targets by novel and future biased ligand compounds. This review aims to recapitulate the main neurobiological effects of aripiprazole and discuss the potential implications for upcoming improvements in schizophrenia therapy based on dopamine modulation beyond D2R antagonism.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drug Targets
DrugTargetKindOrganismPharmacological ActionActions
Aripiprazole5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AProteinHumans
Unknown
Partial agonist
Details
Aripiprazole5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1BProteinHumans
Unknown
Antagonist
Ligand
Details
Aripiprazole5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DProteinHumans
Unknown
Antagonist
Ligand
Details
Aripiprazole5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1EProteinHumans
Unknown
Antagonist
Ligand
Details
Aripiprazole5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AProteinHumans
Yes
Antagonist
Details
Aripiprazole5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BProteinHumans
Unknown
Inverse agonist
Details
Aripiprazole5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CProteinHumans
Unknown
Antagonist
Partial agonist
Details
Aripiprazole5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6ProteinHumans
Unknown
Antagonist
Details
Aripiprazole5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7ProteinHumans
Unknown
Antagonist
Partial agonist
Details
AripiprazoleAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorProteinHumans
No
Antagonist
Details
AripiprazoleAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorProteinHumans
No
Antagonist
Details
AripiprazoleAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorProteinHumans
No
Antagonist
Details
AripiprazoleAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorProteinHumans
No
Antagonist
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorProteinHumans
No
Antagonist
Other/unknown
Details
AripiprazoleBeta-1 adrenergic receptorProteinHumans
Unknown
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleBeta-2 adrenergic receptorProteinHumans
Unknown
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleDelta-type opioid receptorProteinHumans
Unknown
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleDopamine D1 receptorProteinHumans
Unknown
Antagonist
Partial agonist
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleDopamine D2 receptorProteinHumans
Yes
Antagonist
Partial agonist
Details
AripiprazoleDopamine D3 receptorProteinHumans
Unknown
Antagonist
Partial agonist
Details
AripiprazoleDopamine D4 receptorProteinHumans
Unknown
Antagonist
Partial agonist
Details
AripiprazoleDopamine D5 receptorProteinHumans
Unknown
Antagonist
Partial agonist
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleGlutamate (NMDA) receptor (Protein Group)Protein groupHumans
Unknown
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleHistamine H1 receptorProteinHumans
No
Antagonist
Details
AripiprazoleHistamine H2 receptorProteinHumans
Unknown
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleHistamine H3 receptorProteinHumans
Unknown
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleHistamine H4 receptorProteinHumans
Unknown
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleKappa-type opioid receptorProteinHumans
Unknown
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleMu-type opioid receptorProteinHumans
Unknown
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1ProteinHumans
Unknown
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2ProteinHumans
Unknown
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3ProteinHumans
Unknown
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4ProteinHumans
Unknown
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5ProteinHumans
Unknown
Ligand
Details
AripiprazoleSodium-dependent dopamine transporterProteinHumans
Unknown
Modulator
Details
AripiprazoleSodium-dependent serotonin transporterProteinHumans
Unknown
Modulator
Details