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Identification
- Summary
Phenazopyridine is a local anesthetic used for the symptomatic relief of pain, burning, urgency, frequency, and general discomfort caused by lower urinary tract irritations that are a result of infection, trauma, surgery, endoscopic procedures, or the passage of equipment or catheters.
- Brand Names
- Phenazo, Pyridium, Uristat, Urobiotic
- Generic Name
- Phenazopyridine
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01438
- Background
Phenazopyridine, also known as Pyridium, is a urinary tract analgesic used for the short-term management of urinary tract irritation and its associated unpleasant symptoms such as burning and pain during urination. In the USA, this drug was previously marked by Roche but has been discontinued by the FDA.16 It is still used in various parts of the world. Ingestion of phenazopyridine is found to change the appearance of the urine by imparting an orange or red color, as it is considered an azo dye.15
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Phenazopyridine (DB01438)
- Weight
- Average: 213.2385
Monoisotopic: 213.101445377 - Chemical Formula
- C11H11N5
- Synonyms
- 2,6-Diamino-3-(phenylazo)pyridine
- 2,6-Diamino-3-phenylazopyridine
- 3-(Phenylazo)-2,6-pyridinediamine
- Fenazopiridina
- Phenazopyridine
- Phénazopyridine
- Phenazopyridinum
Pharmacology
- Indication
Phenazopyridine hydrochloride is indicated to relieve uncomfortable symptoms that occur as a consequence of mucosal irritation of the lower urinary tract in adults. The irritation may be a result of trauma, surgery, endoscopic procedures, infection, or the insertion of instruments or urinary catheters.14 Phenazopyridine may be used in combination with antimicrobial therapy but is not used as an antimicrobial agent. It contributes to the relief of discomfort and pain before antimicrobial therapy begins to take effect. It is important to note that the duration of treatment with this drug should last a maximum of 2 days.14 Phenazopyridine is available in many countries as an over the counter drug.7
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Lower urinary tract infection Combination Product in combination with: Ampicillin (DB00415) •••••••••••• •••••• Symptomatic treatment of Signs or symptoms of urinary tract irritation •••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Phenazopyridine acts as a local anesthetic offering relief from irritating conditions of the urinary tract. It relieves urinary urgency frequency, burning, pain, and discomfort.14,18
A note on urine and skin discoloration and interference with test results
Yellowing of the skin or sclerae of the eyes may indicate that the accumulation of phenazopyridine has occurred. This may be a consequence of overdose, decreased renal function, taking the drug for over two days. Elderly patients may be at particular risk due to a decline in renal function, potentiating the risk of phenazopyridine accumulation. The drug should be discontinued if yellowing of the skin or sclerae is observed.14 Hemolytic anemia is a risk of phenazopyridine, especially in cases of overdose. In addition to the above effects, this drug may impart an orange or red color of urine and feces, causing staining of clothing. Other body fluids may also be stained, and in patients wearing contact lenses, phenazopyridine may cause lens staining. Due to its orange-red color, this drug may interfere with laboratory requiring colorimetric, spectrophotometric or fluorometric methods of analysis.14 In patients with G6PD enzyme deficiency, this drug poses a greater risk of hemolysis, even at normal doses and is not recommended.14
A note on carcinogenesis
Based on the results of in vivo studies in rats, this drug has been listed as a carcinogen in the USA since 1981. Rats given this drug were found to demonstrate increased rates of hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal tumors.23 Use this agent with caution and limit the administration of this drug when possible.
- Mechanism of action
The full mechanism of action of phenazopyridine is not fully elucidated18, however, it is reported to exert a direct topical analgesic effect on the mucosal lining of the urinary tract via the inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels17 and possibly group A nerve fibers, as suggested by the results of a study in rats.8 The above actions likely lead to the relief of unpleasant urinary symptoms.15
Target Actions Organism ASodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha inhibitorHumans UGroup A nerve fibers inhibitorRat - Absorption
Phenazopyridine is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.10,20 The mean Cmax is 65.00 ± 29.23 ng/mL, the mean Tmax is 2.48 ± 0.50 h, and the mean AUC(0 – ∞)is 431.77 ± 87.82 ng.h/mL.11
- Volume of distribution
Small, trace quantities of phenazopyridine are thought to cross the placenta and the blood-brain barrier, reaching cerebrospinal fluid.15 A pharmacokinetic study in rats determined that phenazopyridine metabolites were present in high levels in the kidney and liver.12
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
Phenazopyridine is metabolized in the liver, and acetaminophen has been discovered to be one metabolite of this drug.15 Hydroxylation is a pathway by which this drug is metabolized.13 In humans, 5-hydroxyl PAP is the major metabolite (48.3% of the dose) and small amounts of other hydroxy metabolites are produced.11,22 The metabolism of phenazopyridine produces aniline, which is likely associated with methemoglobinemia in some patients or in the case of an overdose. This dye accumulates in the skin, and yellow skin pigmentation has been observed when high doses of this drug have been taken.14 Triaminopyridine is also a metabolite of phenazopyridine.22 During a pharmacokinetic study, aniline contributed to approximately 6.9% of urinary metabolites. N acetyl-p-aminophenol (acetaminophen) contributes to about 18%, P-aminophenol (PAP) contributes 24%, and finally, DPP (unchanged phenazopyridine) contributes to about 41% of excreted urinary metabolites.10
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
Up to 65% of an oral phenazopyridine dose is quickly excreted by the kidneys as unchanged drug measured in the urine.15 The pharmacokinetics of this drug have not been evaluated in depth in man. In a small group of healthy research volunteers, 90% of a daily 600 mg oral dose of phenazopyridine hydrochloride was found to be excreted within 1 day, with 41% as unchanged drug and 49% as phenazopyridine metabolites.14 Another study in humans determined that 80.07 ± 4.54 percent of the dose was cleared in the urine within 48 hours of administration.9 In rats, biliary excretion was high, with 40.7% of a dose excreted in 8 hours.12
- Half-life
The mean elimination half-life of phenazopyridine is 7.35 hours in rats with healthy renal function.12 The half-life in man is not readily vailable in the literature.
- Clearance
This drug is rapidly excreted by the kidneys, up to 65% of a dose administered orally may be excreted as unchanged drug in the urine. The clearance of phenazopyridine may be decreased with impaired renal or hepatic function and is contraindicated in these conditions.14
- Adverse Effects
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The oral LD50 of phenazopyridine in rats is 472 mg/kg.19
Overdose information
Administering excess phenazopyridine above the daily recommended dose in those with healthy or impaired kidney function may increase the drug concentration and predispose the patient to toxicity. When a large overdose occurs, methemoglobinemia results.5,6 To treat this condition, Methylene blue at 1 to 2 mg/kg/dose should be administered intravenously as a 1% solution as deemed necessary. Its administration is likely to cause a rapid reduction of the methemoglobinemia state and relieve the associated cyanosis. Hemolytic anemia is also a risk when an overdose occurs, and “bite cells” may be observed in a blood smear after an overdose with phenazopyridine. Red blood cell G6PD deficiency may increase the risk of hemolysis, and even normal doses can lead to methemoglobinemia in patients with this condition. Nephrotoxicity, renal failure, and hepatic impairment may also occur in a case of overdose with this drug. Administer symptomatic and supportive treatment as necessary.4,7,18
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbacavir Phenazopyridine may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level. Aceclofenac The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Phenazopyridine is combined with Aceclofenac. Acemetacin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Phenazopyridine is combined with Acemetacin. Acetaminophen The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Acetaminophen is combined with Phenazopyridine. Acetazolamide Acetazolamide may increase the excretion rate of Phenazopyridine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. - Food Interactions
- Take with food. Food reduces irritation.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Phenazopyridine hydrochloride 0EWG668W17 136-40-3 QQBPIHBUCMDKFG-GEEYTBSJSA-N - Product Images
- International/Other Brands
- AZO-Standard / Baridium / Phenazodine / Prodium / Pyrazodine / Pyridiate / Sedural / Uristat / Urodine / Urogesic / Viridium
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Azo Gesic Tablet 95 mg/1 Oral Major Pharmaceuticals 2011-06-25 2017-04-29 US 
AZO Urinary Tract Health Tablet 95 mg/1 Oral i-Health, Inc. 2014-02-28 2016-11-30 US Phenazo Tablet 200 mg Oral Bausch Health, Canada Inc. 1979-12-31 Not applicable Canada 
Phenazo Tablet 100 mg Oral Bausch Health, Canada Inc. 1973-12-31 Not applicable Canada Phenazopyridine Tablet 200 mg/1mg Oral Sola Pharmaceuticals 2018-02-19 2018-03-15 US - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Azo Tablet 95 mg/1 Oral i-Health, Inc. 2012-05-24 Not applicable US Azo Tablet 97.5 mg/1 Oral i-Health, Inc. 2012-05-18 Not applicable US Azo Tablet 97.5 mg/1 Oral i-Health, Inc. 2014-03-04 2017-02-01 US AZO Urinary Pain Relief Tablet 95 mg/1 Oral i-Health, Inc. 2014-11-01 Not applicable US AZO Urinary Pain Relief Tablet 95 mg/1 Oral A-S Medication Solutions 2014-11-01 2019-02-28 US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image All-In-One UTI Emergency Kit Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (99.5 mg/1) + Methenamine (162 mg/1) + Sodium salicylate (162.5 mg/1) Kit; Tablet Oral Uqora Inc 2022-10-17 Not applicable US AZOSILIN 500 MG/50 MG TABLET, 12 ADET Phenazopyridine (50 mg) + Ampicillin trihydrate (500 mg) Tablet Oral YAVUZ İLAÇ ECZA DEPOSU MEDİKAL ÜRÜNLER SAN.VE TİC. A.Ş. 2020-08-14 Not applicable Turkey 
AZOSILIN 500 MG/50 MG TABLET, 30 ADET Phenazopyridine (50 mg) + Ampicillin trihydrate (500 mg) Tablet Oral YAVUZ İLAÇ ECZA DEPOSU MEDİKAL ÜRÜNLER SAN.VE TİC. A.Ş. 2008-03-10 Not applicable Turkey Urobiotic Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (250 mg/1) + Sulfamethizole (250 mg/1) Capsule Oral Roerig 2005-12-14 Not applicable US ซีโต้มัยซิน ชนิดแค๊ปซูล Phenazopyridine (50 MG) + Sulfamethizole (250 MG) + Tetracycline (250 MG) Capsule บริษัท ปัจจุบันโอสถ จำกัด จำกัด 1986-03-07 Not applicable Thailand 
- Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image All-In-One UTI Emergency Kit Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (99.5 mg/1) + Methenamine (162 mg/1) + Sodium salicylate (162.5 mg/1) Kit; Tablet Oral Uqora Inc 2022-10-17 Not applicable US Azo Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (97.5 mg/1) Tablet Oral i-Health, Inc. 2012-05-18 Not applicable US Azo Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (95 mg/1) Tablet Oral i-Health, Inc. 2012-05-24 Not applicable US Azo Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (97.5 mg/1) Tablet Oral i-Health, Inc. 2014-03-04 2017-02-01 US Azo Gesic Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (95 mg/1) Tablet Oral Major Pharmaceuticals 2011-06-25 2017-04-29 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- G04BX06 — Phenazopyridine
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aminopyridines and derivatives. These are organic heterocyclic compounds containing an amino group attached to a pyridine ring.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Pyridines and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Aminopyridines and derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Aminopyridines and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Dihydropyridines / Imidolactams / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Heteroaromatic compounds / Azo compounds / Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Primary amines / Organopnictogen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- Amine / Aminopyridine / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Azo compound / Benzenoid / Dihydropyridine / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Hydropyridine
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- K2J09EMJ52
- CAS number
- 94-78-0
- InChI Key
- QPFYXYFORQJZEC-FOCLMDBBSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C11H11N5/c12-10-7-6-9(11(13)14-10)16-15-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-7H,(H4,12,13,14)/b16-15+
- IUPAC Name
- 3-[(1E)-2-phenyldiazen-1-yl]pyridine-2,6-diamine
- SMILES
- NC1=NC(N)=C(C=C1)\N=N\C1=CC=CC=C1
References
- General References
- Shore SN, Britnell SR, Brown JN: Safety analysis of long-term phenazopyridine use for radiation cystitis. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2019 Apr 22:1078155219842646. doi: 10.1177/1078155219842646. [Article]
- Suter DM, Preynat-Seauve O, Tirefort D, Feki A, Krause KH: Phenazopyridine induces and synchronizes neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells. J Cell Mol Med. 2009 Sep;13(9B):3517-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00660.x. [Article]
- Rehfuss A, Mahon J, Sorokin I, Smith C, Stein BS: Phenazopyridine: A Preoperative Way to Identify Ureteral Orifices. Urology. 2018 May;115:36-38. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.02.023. Epub 2018 Mar 1. [Article]
- Onder AM, Espinoza V, Berho ME, Chandar J, Zilleruelo G, Abitbol C: Acute renal failure due to phenazopyridine (Pyridium) overdose: case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Nephrol. 2006 Nov;21(11):1760-4. doi: 10.1007/s00467-006-0196-1. Epub 2006 Aug 1. [Article]
- Gold NA, Bithoney WG: Methemoglobinemia due to ingestion of at most three pills of pyridium in a 2-year-old: case report and review. J Emerg Med. 2003 Aug;25(2):143-8. [Article]
- Murphy T, Fernandez M: Acquired methemoglobinemia from phenazopyridine use. Int J Emerg Med. 2018 Nov 12;11(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s12245-018-0208-5. [Article]
- Chang LC, Kuo CW, Chau T, Lin SH: Phenazopyridine-induced hemolytic anemia in advanced kidney disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014 Dec;62(12):2464-6. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13161. [Article]
- Aizawa N, Wyndaele JJ: Effects of phenazopyridine on rat bladder primary afferent activity, and comparison with lidocaine and acetaminophen. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010 Nov;29(8):1445-50. doi: 10.1002/nau.20886. [Article]
- Thomas BH, Whitehouse LW, Solomonraj G, Paul CJ: Excretion of phenazopyridine and its metabolites in the urine of humans, rats, mice, and guinea pigs. J Pharm Sci. 1990 Apr;79(4):321-5. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600790410. [Article]
- Johnson WJ, Chartrand A: The metabolism and excretion of phenazopyridine hydrochloride in animals and man. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1976 Aug;37(2):371-6. doi: 10.1016/0041-008x(76)90100-9. [Article]
- Li KJ, Chen QH, Zhang Z, Zhou P, Li P, Liu J, Zhu J: Determination of phenazopyridine in human plasma by GC-MS and its pharmacokinetics. J Chromatogr Sci. 2008 Sep;46(8):686-9. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/46.8.686. [Article]
- Thomas BH, Whitehouse LW, Solomonraj G, Paul CJ: Metabolism and disposition of phenazopyridine in rat. Xenobiotica. 1993 Feb;23(2):99-105. [Article]
- Pitre D, Maffei-Facino R: Isolation and identification of two hydroxylated metabolites of phenazopyridine in rat urine. Farmaco Sci. 1977 Jun;32(6):453-60. [Article]
- Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride [Link]
- Drug summary: phenazopyridine [Link]
- FDA information Phenazopyridine [Link]
- HMDB, phenazopyridine [Link]
- Phenazopyridine DailyMed [Link]
- MSDS, Phenazopyridine [Link]
- UPMC: Final Diagnosis -- Suicide Attempt with Ingestion of Pyridium Tablets [Link]
- Intracellular Drug Bioavailability: Effect of Neutral Lipids and Phospholipids [Link]
- O Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism [Link]
- Phenazopyridine hydrochloride [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015506
- KEGG Drug
- D08346
- KEGG Compound
- C07429
- PubChem Compound
- 4756
- PubChem Substance
- 46507962
- ChemSpider
- 4592
- BindingDB
- 50420356
- 8120
- ChEBI
- 71416
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1242
- ZINC
- ZINC000095483532
- PharmGKB
- PA164746899
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Phenazopyridine
- MSDS
- Download (73.7 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Completed Diagnostic Cystoscopy 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Screening Ureteral Injury 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Unknown Status Basic Science Human Volunteers 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Unknown Status Diagnostic Cystoscopy / Phenazopyridine 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Withdrawn Diagnostic Intraoperative Cystoscopy 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
- Amerifit Inc.
- Amerisource Health Services Corp.
- Amkas Laboratories Inc.
- Amneal Pharmaceuticals
- Apotheca Inc.
- A-S Medication Solutions LLC
- Atlantic Biologicals Corporation
- Belgomex Sprl
- Boca Pharmacal
- Breckenridge Pharmaceuticals
- Bryant Ranch Prepack
- Comprehensive Consultant Services Inc.
- Consumers Choice
- Contract Pharm
- Corepharma LLC
- CVS Pharmacy
- Direct Dispensing Inc.
- Dispensing Solutions
- Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
- Edwards Pharmaceuticals
- Group Health Cooperative
- H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
- Johnson & Johnson Healthcare
- Kaiser Foundation Hospital
- Lehigh Valley Technologies Inc.
- Liberty Pharmaceuticals
- Lil' Drug Store
- Major Pharmaceuticals
- Mckesson Corp.
- Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
- Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Patient First Corp.
- PCA LLC
- PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Pharmedix
- Pharmelle LLC
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Prepackage Specialists
- Prepak Systems Inc.
- Prescript Pharmaceuticals
- Rebel Distributors Corp.
- Redpharm Drug
- Rekah Pharmaceutical Industry Ltd.
- Remedy Repack
- Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
- Scruggs Pharmacal Co. Inc.
- Southwood Pharmaceuticals
- Spectrum Pharmaceuticals
- St Mary's Medical Park Pharmacy
- Sunrise Pharmaceutical Inc.
- Superior Pharmeceuticals
- Tya Pharmaceuticals
- Warner Chilcott Co. Inc.
- WC Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Kit; tablet Oral Tablet Oral 117.000 mg Tablet Oral 100.0 mg Tablet Oral 95 mg/1 Tablet; tablet, film coated Oral 100 MG Tablet Oral 100 mg/1 Tablet Oral 100 mg/1mg Tablet Oral 200 mg/1mg Tablet Oral 200 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 97.5 mg/1 Tablet, coated Oral 100 mg/1 Tablet, coated Oral 200 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 95 mg/1 Tablet, coated Oral Tablet Oral Tablet, film coated Oral 100 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 200 mg/1 Tablet Oral 200 mg Tablet Oral 97.5 mg/1 Capsule 100 mg Tablet Oral 100.000 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 99.5 mg/1 Tablet Oral 99.5 mg/1 Capsule Oral Tablet, sugar coated Oral 100 mg Tablet Oral 100 mg / tab Tablet, coated Oral 200 mg Capsule Tablet, coated Oral 50 mg Tablet Oral 100 mg Tablet, coated Oral 100 mg - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Phenazopyridine hcl 100% powdr 3.59USD g Pyridium 200 mg tablet 1.84USD tablet Phenazopyridine 200 mg tablet 1.83USD tablet Phenazopyridine 100 mg tablet 1.82USD tablet Phenazopyridine Plus 150-15-0.3 mg tablet 1.3USD tablet Phenazopyridine plus tablet 1.25USD tablet Pyridium 100 mg tablet 1.09USD tablet Phenazopyridine HCl 200 mg tablet 0.97USD tablet Phenazopyridine HCl 100 mg tablet 0.5USD tablet Uristat 95 mg tablet 0.39USD tablet Azo standard 97.5 mg tablet 0.36USD tablet Urogesic-blue tablet 0.36USD tablet Azo standard 95 mg tablet 0.33USD tablet Azo-gesic 95 mg tablet 0.22USD tablet CVS Pharmacy urinary pain rlf 95 mg tablet 0.22USD tablet Woman's wellbeing uti rlf tablet 0.21USD tablet Prodium 95 mg tablet 0.19USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 139 https://www.lookchem.com/Phenazopyridine-hydrochloride/ boiling point (°C) 442.3 ºC https://www.lookchem.com/Phenazopyridine-hydrochloride/ logP 2.62 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/182c/23f8f9a5935f172b01241dd7c06d8d72b6f3.pdf logS 3.83 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/phenazopyridine pKa 5.05 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/182c/23f8f9a5935f172b01241dd7c06d8d72b6f3.pdf - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.202 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.31 ALOGPS logP 2.69 Chemaxon logS -3 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 18.85 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 6.86 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 5 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 89.65 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 2 Chemaxon Refractivity 68.25 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 22.65 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9816 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.874 Caco-2 permeable + 0.7633 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.6748 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9121 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.956 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.7745 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8791 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8856 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.7528 CYP450 1A2 substrate Inhibitor 0.9107 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7498 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9231 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.8985 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.6767 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.5068 Ames test AMES toxic 0.9107 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.6868 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9948 Rat acute toxicity 2.6160 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9554 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8735
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (10.2 KB)
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 157.9132608 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 151.16762 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 157.2293608 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 153.56319 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 158.5071608 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 159.53267 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- This is a potential target.
- General Function
- Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:14672992). Plays a key role in brain, probably by regulating the moment when neurotransmitters are released in neurons. Involved in sensory perception of mechanical pain: activation in somatosensory neurons induces pain without neurogenic inflammation and produces hypersensitivity to mechanical, but not thermal stimuli
- Specific Function
- voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
- Gene Name
- SCN1A
- Uniprot ID
- P35498
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 228969.49 Da
References
References
- Aizawa N, Wyndaele JJ: Effects of phenazopyridine on rat bladder primary afferent activity, and comparison with lidocaine and acetaminophen. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010 Nov;29(8):1445-50. doi: 10.1002/nau.20886. [Article]
Drug created at July 30, 2007 16:08 / Updated at October 13, 2024 03:58