NAV

Bemiparin

Identification

Summary

Bemiparin is an ultra-low molecular weight heparin (ultra-LMWH) used to prevent thromboembolism following surgery and extracorporeal clotting during dialysis.

Generic Name
Bemiparin
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09258
Background

Bemiparin is an antithrombotic and belongs to the group of drugs known as the low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). Like semuloparin, bemiparin is classified as an ultra-LMH because of its low mean molecular mass of 3600 daltons, which is a unique property of this class 1. These heparins have lower anti-thrombin activity than the traditional low molecular weight heparins and act mainly on factor-Xa, reducing the risk of bleeding due to selectivity for this specific clotting factor. Interestingly, current research is underway for the potential benefit of bemiparin in the treatment of tumors and diabetic foot ulcers 12,1.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Synonyms
Not Available

Pharmacology

Indication

Bemiparin is indicated in the following cases: To prevent blood clots in the veins after general abdominal surgery in patients with a moderate risk of venous thromboembolism; in the prevention of the thromboembolic disease in non-surgical patients; prevention of clotting in the extracorporeal circuit during hemodialysis; to prevent blood clots in the veins after a major orthopedic surgery in patients with high risk of venous thromboembolism; secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism; recurrence in patients with deep vein thrombosis; transient prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 8.

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Associated Conditions
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Bemiparin is an anticoagulant classified under the broad category of low molecular weight heparins. In humans, bemiparin has been proven to possess antithrombotic activity and, at therapeutic doses, does not significantly prolong global clotting laboratory tests 9.

Mechanism of action

This drug is a second-generation low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). It has a very low mean molecular weight (3600 Dalton), a long half-life (5.3 hrs) and a large anti-Xa: anti-IIa ratio (8:1)8. The mechanism of action of bemiparin is inhibition of factor Xa, which is a necessary step in the clotting cascade. Factor-Xa is necessary for the propagation of a thrombus. Combined with various co-factors that bind to activated platelets, Factor-Xa increases coagulation by converting prothrombin to thrombin 11. Activated Factor-X, bound as part of the prothrombinase complex on the external surface of activated platelets, converts significant amounts of prothrombin to thrombin, promoting the so-called ‘thrombin burst’, referring to a burst of thrombin release 11.

A secondary but less potent mechanism of action of this drug is binding to antithrombin III and activated factor II (Factor IIa), which further prevents the propagation of thrombi 14.

Due to its excellent pharmacological profile-the second-generation LMWH with the lowest molecular weight, the longest half-life and the highest anti-Factor Xa/anti-Factor IIa activity ratio-it can be safely used in special categories of patients (children, elderly, patients with renal impairment and congestive heart failure). Several studies demonstrated its safety and efficacy, while cost analyses show the economic benefits of bemiparin treatment as compared to other heparins 1,2.

TargetActionsOrganism
ACoagulation factor X
antagonist
Humans
UAntithrombin-III
antagonist
Humans
UHeparin cofactor 2
antagonist
Humans
Absorption

Hemiparin sodium is rapidly absorbed following its subcutaneous dose of injection, and the bioavailability is estimated to be 96% 7.

Volume of distribution

5.1 L 4.

Protein binding

There are currently no data available with regards to plasma protein binding, metabolism and excretion of bemiparin in humans 9.

Metabolism

In a study of healthy volunteers, bemiparin 3500 IU achieved more anti-Xa activity than enoxaparin 4000 IU, measured by the area under the curve. The peak of anti-Xa activity was reached at 3h post-administration, and there were anti-Xa measurable levels up to 16 h after subcutaneous injection 6.

Route of elimination

This drug is eliminated by the renal and hepatic routes. Elimination is prolonged in those with renal or hepatic impairment 10.

Half-life

Bemiparin, when administered in the dose range of 2,500 IU to 12,500 (therapeutic dosing), it has an approximate half-life of 5-6 hours 7.

Clearance

Elimination occurs in a linear fashion, with a mean clearance time of over 7 h and total clearance of 0.9 L/h 4.

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Bemiparin, like other drugs in its class, may suppress adrenal secretion of aldosterone, leading to elevated potassium (hyperkalemia). This may occur more frequently in patients with conditions such as diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, metabolic acidosis, an increased plasma potassium, and those ingesting potassium sparing drugs. There is a linear relationship between duration of therapy and adverse effects, but this is usually reversible with cessation of treatment. Serum electrolytes should be measured in at-risk patients before starting bemiparin, and these patients should be monitored regularly thereafter particularly if treatment is prolonged beyond 1 week.

In rare cases, mild transient thrombocytopenia (HIT type I) at the beginning of therapy with heparin with platelet counts between 100,000/mm3 and 150,000/mm3 due to temporary platelet activation has been noted in clinical studies.

On rare occasions, antibody-mediated severe thrombocytopenia (HIT type II) with platelet counts clearly below 100,000/mm3 has been observed (see section 4.8). This effect usually occurs within 5-21 days after the initiation of treatment, although in patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia this may occur more rapidly.

Platelet count studies are recommended before the administration of bemiparin, on the first day of therapy and then every 3-4 days, in addition to repeating platelet studies at the end of therapy. Treatment must be discontinued immediately and an alternate therapy initiated if significant reductions in platelet counts are observed ( 30% decrease and above) 7.

As with other heparin products, cases of cutaneous necrosis, often preceded by purpura or painful erythematous, ecchymose-like lesions have been reported with bemiparin. In these cases, treatment should cease immediately 7.

Overdosage after subcutaneous or other routes of administration of bemiparin may lead to hemorrhagic complications. Neutralization can be obtained by slow intravenous of a suitable dose of the antidote protamine sulphate 8.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
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interactions in your software
AbciximabThe risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Bemiparin.
AcebutololThe risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Acebutolol is combined with Bemiparin.
AceclofenacThe risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Aceclofenac is combined with Bemiparin.
AcemetacinThe risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Bemiparin is combined with Acemetacin.
AcenocoumarolThe risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Acenocoumarol is combined with Bemiparin.
Acetylsalicylic acidAcetylsalicylic acid may increase the anticoagulant activities of Bemiparin.
Albutrepenonacog alfaThe therapeutic efficacy of Albutrepenonacog alfa can be decreased when used in combination with Bemiparin.
AlclofenacThe risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Alclofenac is combined with Bemiparin.
AldesleukinThe risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Bemiparin is combined with Aldesleukin.
AlemtuzumabThe risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Bemiparin is combined with Alemtuzumab.
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Food Interactions
  • Avoid herbs and supplements with anticoagulant/antiplatelet activity. Examples include garlic, ginger, bilberry, danshen, piracetam, and ginkgo biloba.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Bemiparin sodiumP59JKU02CENot AvailableNot applicable
International/Other Brands
Badyket / Heporax / Hibor / Zibor

Categories

ATC Codes
B01AB12 — Bemiparin
Drug Categories
Classification
Not classified
Affected organisms
  • Humans

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
PUE0TO3XDR
CAS number
91449-79-5
InChI Key
Not Available
InChI
Not Available
IUPAC Name
Not Available
SMILES
Not Available

References

General References
  1. Chapman TM, Goa KL: Bemiparin: a review of its use in the prevention of venous thromboembolism and treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Drugs. 2003;63(21):2357-77. [Article]
  2. Planes A: Review of bemiparin sodium--a new second-generation low molecular weight heparin and its applications in venous thromboembolism. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2003 Sep;4(9):1551-61. [Article]
  3. Jeske WP, Hoppensteadt D, Gray A, Walenga JM, Cunanan J, Myers L, Fareed J, Bayol A, Rigal H, Viskov C: A common standard is inappropriate for determining the potency of ultra low molecular weight heparins such as semuloparin and bemiparin. Thromb Res. 2011 Oct;128(4):361-7. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.03.001. Epub 2011 Apr 2. [Article]
  4. Sanchez-Ferrer CF: Bemiparin: pharmacological profile. Drugs. 2010 Dec 14;70 Suppl 2:19-23. doi: 10.2165/1158581-S0-000000000-00000. [Article]
  5. Hoffman M, Monroe DM: Coagulation 2006: a modern view of hemostasis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2007 Feb;21(1):1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2006.11.004. [Article]
  6. Antonijoan RM, Rico S, Martinez-Gonzalez J, Borrell M, Valcarcel D, Fontcuberta J, Barbanoj MJ: Comparative pharmacodynamic time-course of bemiparin and enoxaparin in healthy volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Dec;47(12):726-32. [Article]
  7. Irish Medicines Board: Bemiparin [Link]
  8. Hibor-Bemiparin Sodium [Link]
  9. Zibor 2,500 IU Solution for Injection [Link]
  10. Injectable drugs guide [Link]
  11. Thrombosis Advisors- Factor Xa inhibitor [Link]
  12. Anti-tumor effects of bemiparin in HepG2 and MIA PaCa-2 cells [Link]
  13. Bemiparin, an effective and safe low molecular weight heparin: a review [Link]
  14. Bemiparin sodium [Link]
PubChem Substance
347910422
RxNav
280611
Wikipedia
Bemiparin_sodium

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentAcute Gastrointestinal Bleeding1
4RecruitingTreatmentInfertility1
3CompletedPreventionCancer / Venous Thromboembolism1
3CompletedTreatmentDeep Vein Thrombosis1
3CompletedTreatmentDiabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs)1
3TerminatedPreventionCancer / Thrombosis1
3TerminatedTreatmentLong-term Oral Anticoagulant Therapy1
3TerminatedTreatmentNeoplasm / Venous Thromboembolism1
3Unknown StatusPreventionCirrhosis and Coagulation1
3Unknown StatusPreventionCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19)1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Injection, solutionParenteral10000 IU/0.4mL
InjectionIntravenous10000 iu/0.4ml
Injection, solutionParenteral2500 IU/0.2mL
InjectionIntravenous2500 iu/0.2ml
Injection, solutionParenteral3500 IU/0.2mL
InjectionIntravenous3500 iu/0.2ml
Injection, solutionParenteral5000 IU/0.2mL
InjectionIntravenous5000 iu/0.2ml
Injection, solutionParenteral7500 IU/0.3mL
InjectionIntravenous7500 iu/0.3ml
SolutionSubcutaneous10000 IU
SolutionSubcutaneous3500 IU
SolutionSubcutaneous5000 IU
SolutionSubcutaneous7500 IU
SolutionSubcutaneous2500 IU
Injection, solutionParenteral2500 UI/0.2ML
Injection, solutionParenteral25000 UI/ML
Injection, solutionParenteral3500 UI/0.2ML
Injection, solutionSubcutaneous0.2 ml
Injection, solutionSubcutaneous25000 IE
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)>228https://www.trc-canada.com/prod-img/MSDS/H245800MSDS.pdf
Predicted Properties
Not Available
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Not Available

Targets

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Details1. Coagulation factor X
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Serine-type endopeptidase activity
Specific Function
Factor Xa is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein that converts prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of factor Va, calcium and phospholipid during blood clotting.
Gene Name
F10
Uniprot ID
P00742
Uniprot Name
Coagulation factor X
Molecular Weight
54731.255 Da
Details2. Antithrombin-III
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Specific Function
Most important serine protease inhibitor in plasma that regulates the blood coagulation cascade. AT-III inhibits thrombin, matriptase-3/TMPRSS7, as well as factors IXa, Xa and XIa. Its inhibitory a...
Gene Name
SERPINC1
Uniprot ID
P01008
Uniprot Name
Antithrombin-III
Molecular Weight
52601.935 Da
Details3. Heparin cofactor 2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Specific Function
Thrombin inhibitor activated by the glycosaminoglycans, heparin or dermatan sulfate. In the presence of the latter, HC-II becomes the predominant thrombin inhibitor in place of antithrombin III (AT...
Gene Name
SERPIND1
Uniprot ID
P05546
Uniprot Name
Heparin cofactor 2
Molecular Weight
57070.16 Da

Drug created at October 26, 2015 16:50 / Updated at May 07, 2021 21:40