Carbohydrates
- Name
- Carbohydrates
- Accession Number
- DBCAT000085
- Description
The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.
- ATC Classification
- Drugs
Drug Drug Description Fructose Not Available Pegfilgrastim A recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor used to stimulate the production of neutrophils and prevent febrile neutropenia or infections after myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Ascorbic acid A vitamin used to correct vitamin C deficiency and to increase the intestinal absorption of iron. Vidarabine An antiviral agent used to treat various viral infections. Topiramate An anticonvulsant drug used in the control of epilepsy and in the prophylaxis and treatment of migraines. Acarbose An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used in adjunctly with diet and exercise for the management of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sucralfate A gastro-duodenal protective agent used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers and to prevent duodenal ulcer recurrence. Digoxin A cardiac glycoside used in the treatment of mild to moderate heart failure and for ventricular response rate control in chronic atrial fibrillation. Gemcitabine A nucleoside metabolic inhibitor used as adjunct therapy in the treatment of certain types of ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma, metastatic breast cancer, and as a single agent for pancreatic cancer. Framycetin An aminoglycoside antibiotic used in various formulations and combinations with other agents to treat hemorrhoids, eye and ear infections, and to reduce nasal carriage of staphylococcus. Lactulose A disaccharide derivative of lactose used to treat constipation and portal systemic encephalopathy. Adenosine A medication used in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and to treat supraventricular tachycardia. Tobramycin An aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat cystic fibrosis-associated bacterial, lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, eye, skin, bone, and skin structure infections. Mannitol A sugar alcohol used to test for asthma, to reduce intracranial and intraocular pressure, to measure glomerular filtration rate, and to manage pulmonary symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis. Emtricitabine A nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used for the treatment and prophylaxis of HIV. Azathioprine An immunosuppressant used to prevent renal transplant rejection, treat rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. Neomycin An aminoglycoside antibiotic agent used orally and topically to treat a wide variety of infections in the body. Isosorbide mononitrate A nitrate used to prevent and treat angina and to treat angina caused by coronary artery disease. Trimetrexate A folate antagonist used for the treatment of moderate-to-severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised patients as an alternative therapy in combination with leucovorin. Kanamycin An aminoglycoside antibiotic agent used in the treatment of various infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Decitabine A chemotherapeutic pyrimidine nucleoside analogue used for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) by inducing DNA hypomethylation and corresponding alterations in gene expression. Glucosamine A common ingredient in nutritional supplements used for the relief of joint pain. Lincomycin An antibiotic indicated only for the treatment of serious infections and is typically reserved for use in cases of penicillin allergy or where penicillin is inappropriate. Pegaptanib A selective vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonist used for the treatment of neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration. Oritavancin An antibacterial agent used to treat acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria. Dapagliflozin A sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Human C1-esterase inhibitor A C1 inhibitor used to prevent angioedema attacks associated with hereditary angioedema. Ticagrelor A P2Y12 platelet inhibitor used in patients with a history of myocardial infarction or with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to prevent future myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death. Hyaluronic acid A glycosaminoglycan used for the relief of joint pain, wound healing, ophthalmologic treatment, cosmetic treatment, and various other applications. Fidaxomicin A macrolide antibiotic used to treat diarrhea associated with Clostridium difficile infection. Iron sucrose An compound used as a source of iron in patients with iron deficiency anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Isosorbide A vasodilator used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. It was previously used to reduce intraocular pressure. Hypromellose An ingredient used in a wide variety of medications, and is not an approved medication. Dihydrostreptomycin Dihydrostreptomycin is an antibiotic. Galidesivir Galidesivir is an adenosine analogue that has been investigated for use against Zaire Ebolavirus. In animal studies, galidesivir was effective in increasing the survival rates from infections caused by various... Ibrexafungerp A triterpene antifungal indicated in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in post-menarchal patients. Lactitol An orally administered osmotic laxative used to treat chronic idiopathic constipation. D-glucose A most commonly occurring isomer of glucose used as a carbohydrate supplementation in case of nutrient deprivation and metabolic disorders, such as hypoglycemia. Remdesivir A nucleoside analog used to treat RNA virus infections including COVID-19. Volanesorsen An antisense oligonucleotide indicated to treat familial chylomicronemia. N4-Hydroxycytidine A cytidine analog being investigated to treat COVID-19. Amphotericin B An antifungal used to treat fungal infections in neutropenic patients, cryptococcal meningitis in HIV infection, fungal infections, and leishmaniasis. Fusicoccin Not Available Beta-D-Glucose A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically... Ghavamiol Not Available Abequose Not Available 5-fluoro-beta-L-gulosyl fluoride Not Available beta-D-glucuronic acid Not Available N-acetyl-N'-beta-D-glucopyranosyl urea Not Available 2-(Beta-D-Glucopyranosyl)-5-Methyl-1,3,4-Oxadiazole Not Available 1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose Not Available Tyvelose Not Available N-(Benzoylcarbamoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosylamine Not Available Cyclohexyl-pentyl-maltoside Not Available Streptolydigin Streptolydigin is an antibiotic isolated from culture filtrates of Streptomyces lydicus. It is active against gram-postive bacteria except micrococci. Tagatose Intended for use as a therapeutic adjunct in the treatment of type II diabetes. Elsamitrucin Investigated for use/treatment in lymphoma (non-hodgkin's). SR-123781A Investigated for use/treatment in cardiovascular disorders, thrombosis, and venous thromboembolism. Spiramycin A macrolide antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. Glufosfamide Investigated for use/treatment in pancreatic cancer, solid tumors, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, brain cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and sarcoma. Becatecarin Investigated for use/treatment in cancer/tumors (unspecified), liver cancer, gastric cancer, and leukemia (unspecified). Telavancin An antibacterial agent used in the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections and types of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Evernimicin Investigated for use/treatment in bacterial infection. Tramiprosate Investigated for use/treatment in strokes and alzheimer's disease. Odiparcil Investigated for use/treatment in atrial fibrillation, cardiovascular disorders, thrombosis, and venous thromboembolism. Invert sugar Invert sugar presents a large variety of uses. It can be used therapeutically for parenteral hyperalimentation or to be used as an excipient with a known effect. Invert sugar is... Saccharide isomerate Not Annotated Polydatin Polydatin, or Piceid, is a natural precursor and glycoside form of resveratrol with a monocrystalline structure. While it is isolated from the bark of Picea sitchensis or Polygonum cuspidatum, polydatin... Starch, corn Corn starch refers to the starch extracted from the corn grain that is commonly used as a food ingredient and chemical additive. Starch is any of a group of polysaccharides... Ipragliflozin Ipragliflozin is under investigation in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2. Tofogliflozin Tofogliflozin has been used in trials studying the treatment and prevention of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Maltodextrin Not Annotated Isoquercetin Isoquercetin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Kidney Cancer, Renal cell carcinoma, Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma, Thromboembolism of Vein in Pancreatic Cancer, and Thromboembolism of Vein VTE... Remogliflozin etabonate Remogliflozin etabonate has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2. Nikkomycin Z Nikkomycin Z has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Coccidioidomycosis. Levoglucose Levoglucose has been used in trials studying the diagnostic of Bowel Cleansing Prior to Colonoscopy. Acteoside Acteoside is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02662283 (Validity and Security of Reh-acteoside Therapy for Patients of IgA Nephropathy). 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucoside Not Annotated Tribenoside An anti-inflammatory agent that reduces vascular permeability and causes vasoconstriction to treat internal and external hemorrhoids. Calcium alginate Not Annotated Alginic acid Indicated for the management of gastric reflux, reflux oesophagitis, hiatus hernia, heartburn (including heartburn of pregnancy) and similar gastric distress . Bekanamycin An aminoglycoside antibiotic indicated in the treatment of eye infections. Volixibat Volixibat is an investigational drug that has not been approved for use in any conditions. Polydextrose Polydextrose is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02258750 (Assessing a Polydextrose Containing Soup on Food Intake, Appetite and Biomarkers of Satiation and Satiety). Amylopectin Amylopectin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01708694 (Role of Slowly Digesible Starch on Diabetes Risk Factors). Amylose Amylose is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01027325 (Resistant Starch Insulin Sensitivity Trial). Echinacoside A phenylethanoid glycoside plant isolate currently being investigated for anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects. Peoniflorin Peoniflorin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02878863 (Paeoniflorin Combination of Hepatoprotective Drugs Versus Hepatoprotective Drugs Only for Auto-immune Hepatitis). Antihemophilic factor, human recombinant A form of recombinant coagulation Factor VIII used to treat hemophilia A, von Willebrand disease, and Factor XIII deficiency. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin A monoclonal anti-CD33 antibody used to treat CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia. N-Acetylglucosamine For the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis, by itself or in combination with chondroitin sulfate. Diatrizoate An injected contrast agent used in radiology. Bleomycin A chemotherapy agent used to treat various malignancies, including head and neck malignancy, lymphoma, and testicular tumors, among others. Calcium glucoheptonate A calcium supplement combined with calcium gluconate to treat hypocalcemia and maintain calcium levels. Valrubicin An anthracycline used intravesically in the treatment of BCG-resistant bladder carcinoma. Ardeparin For prevention of deep vein thrombosis, which may result in pulmonary embolism, following knee surgery. Miglustat A glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor used for the management of mild to moderate type I Gaucher disease for patients who are not candidates for whole enzyme replacement. Streptozocin A nitrosourea antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of metastatic pancreatic islet cell carcinoma. Teniposide A cytotoxic drug used as an adjunct for chemotherapy induction in the treatment of refractory childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Epirubicin An anthracycline topoisomerase II inhibitor used as an adjuvant to treating axillary node metastases in patients who have undergone surgical resection of primary breast cancer. Miglitol An oral alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used to improve glycemic control by delaying the digestion of carbohydrates. Acetyldigitoxin Used for fast digitalization in congestive heart failure. Vancomycin A glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat severe but susceptible bacterial infections such as MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infections. Zanamivir A neuraminidase inhibitor used to treat influenza A and B. Fondaparinux An anticoagulant used to prevent venous thromboembolism, to treat deep vein thrombosis, and to improve survival following myocardial infarction. Inulin Historically used in an important medical test of renal function, specifically a measure of glomerular filtration rate. Sometimes used to help relieve symptoms of diabetes mellitus - a condition characterised... Pentosan polysulfate A sulfated pentosyl polysaccharide used to treat bladder pain and discomfort due to interstitial cystitis. Icodextrin An iso-osmotic solution used for continuous peritoneal dialysis or automated peritoneal dialysis. Gadobenic acid A gadolinium compound used as a contrast agent in MRIs. Irinotecan An antineoplastic enzyme inhibitor used to treat metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum. Etoposide A podophyllotoxin derivative used to treat testicular and small cell lung tumors. Gentamicin An aminoglycoside used to treat a wide variety of aerobic infections in the body. Hydroxypropyl cellulose A cellulose ether used to treat dry eyes. Isosorbide dinitrate A vasodilator used to treat angina in coronary artery disease. Quinidine A medication used to restore normal sinus rhythm, treat atrial fibrillation and flutter, and treat ventricular arrhythmias. Spectinomycin An aminocyclitol antibiotic used to treat susceptible strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Netilmicin An aminoglycoside used to treat a wide variety of infections in the body. Doxorubicin A medication used to treat various cancers and Kaposi's Sarcoma. Novobiocin For the treatment of infections due to staphylococci and other susceptible organisms Deslanoside For the treatment and management of Congestive cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmias and heart failure. Ouabain For the treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter and heart failure Hesperetin For lowering cholesterol and, possibly, otherwise favorably affecting lipids. In vitro research also suggests the possibility that hesperetin might have some anticancer effects and that it might have some anti-aromatase... Heparin An anticoagulant indicated for thromboprophylaxis and to treat thrombosis associated with a variety of conditions such as pulmonary embolism and atrial fibrillation. Idarubicin An anthracycline antineoplastic agent used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults. Digitoxin A cardiac glycoside used in the treatment and management of congestive cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmias and heart failure. Paromomycin An aminoglycoside antibiotic used in the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal amebiasis, and as an adjunct for the management of hepatic coma. Metrizamide Metrizamide is used for lumbar, thoracic, cervical, and total columnar myelography to determine the presence of abnormalities in the spinal column, spinal canal, and central nervous system (CNS) as well... Erythrityl tetranitrate For the prevention of angina. 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. Sorbitol A product that can be used as a laxative to relieve constipation, and also as a urologic irrigating fluid. May also be used as a pharmaceutical sweetener. methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Not Available Dithioerythritol A compound that, along with its isomer, Cleland's reagent (dithiothreitol), is used for the protection of sulfhydryl groups against oxidation to disulfides and for the reduction of disulfides to sulfhydryl... 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate Not Available Dihydroxyacetone A ketotriose compound. Its addition to blood preservation solutions results in better maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels during storage. It is readily phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by triokinase in erythrocytes. In... Glycerol 2-phosphate Not Available 2-Deoxy-D-Glucitol 6-(E)-Vinylhomophosphonate Not Available Uridine diphosphate glucose A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and... Isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC operon. Inositol 1,3,4,5-Tetrakisphosphate Not Available Sucrosofate Not Available TU-514 Not Available Ribose-5-phosphate Not Available Cellobiose A disaccharide consisting of two glucose units in beta (1-4) glycosidic linkage. Obtained from the partial hydrolysis of cellulose. [PubChem] 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid Not Available 2,5-Dideoxy-2,5-Imino-D-Glucitol Not Available Maltotetraose Not Available Carboxyatractyloside Not Available Trehalose-6-Phosphate Not Available 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is a solid. This compound belongs to the pentose phosphates. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a pentose substituted by one or more phosphate groups. The proteins that 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose... D-glucitol 6-phosphate Not Available Phosphoramidon Not Available L-xylitol 5-phosphate Not Available 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside Not Available Glucosamine 6-Phosphate Not Available Cellotetraose Not Available beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranose Not Available 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-N-acetyl-chitobiose Not Available Sucrose A nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from sugarcane, sugar beet (beta vulgaris), and other plants and used extensively as... alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate A type of glucose used for total parenteral nutrition and phosphate replacement therapy. Glucosamine 4-Phosphate Not Available Inositol 1,3-Bisphosphate Not Available Rhamnose A methylpentose whose L- isomer is found naturally in many plant glycosides and some gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides. [PubChem] UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides.... scyllo-inositol An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been... 4-phospho-D-erythronic acid Not Available Glucosamine 1-Phosphate Not Available Duvoglustat An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with antiviral action. Derivatives of deoxynojirimycin may have anti-HIV activity. Thiocellobiose Not Available 3-deoxy-D-arabino-hexonic acid Not Available Maltose A sugar used as a sweetener and an inactive ingredient in drug products. 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the... 2-Keto-3-Deoxygluconate Not Available Galactose-uridine-5'-diphosphate A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides,... Glucose-6-Phosphate An ester of glucose with phosphoric acid, made in the course of glucose metabolism by mammalian and other cells. It is a normal constituent of resting muscle and probably is... Glucaric acid Not Available Ribostamycin A broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic on the list of WHO critical antimicrobials for human medicine. 2'-Deoxy-thymidine-beta-L-rhamnose Not Available Xylarohydroxamate Not Available N-Acetyl-glucosamine thiazoline N-Acetyl-glucosamine thiazoline (NAG-thiazoline) is an analog of the oxazolinium bicyclic intermediate leading from N-acetylglucosamine to 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid. alpha-D-quinovopyranose The pyranose form of D-quinovose with an α-configuration at the anomeric position . Fucitol Not Available Monothioglycerol Not Available 1-deoxymannojirimycin An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with antiviral action. Derivatives of deoxynojirimycin may have anti-HIV activity. [PubChem] Inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate Not Available Clorobiocin Clorobiocin is an aminocoumarin antibiotic, similar to novobiocin and coumermycin A1. 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid Not Available Betadex Not Available Methyl beta-galactoside Not Available Balhimycin Balhimycin is a novel glycopeptide antibiotic. Allolactose Not Available Indole-3-Glycerol Phosphate Not Available Geneticin Geneticin (also known as G418) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic similar in structure to gentamicin B1, produced by Micromonospora rhodorangea. Geneticin blocks polypeptide synthesis by inhibiting the elongation step in both... Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is an important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate has been investigated for the treatment of Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Diffuse. Thiodigalactoside Thiodigalactoside is a solid. This compound belongs to the dihexoses. These are disaccharides containing two hexose carbohydrates. This medication is known to target galectin-1, heat-labile enterotoxin b chain, neurocan core... Allosamizoline Not Available Lactose An additive and filler found in various products to maintain structure and consistency. Erythritol Erythritol is a four-carbon sugar that is found in algae, fungi, and lichens. It is twice as sweet as sucrose and can be used as a coronary vasodilator. Fructose-6-phosphate Not Available 4-Phospho-D-erythronohydroxamic acid Not Available 3-phospho-D-glyceric acid Not Available L-Glycero-D-Manno-Heptopyranose Not Available Afegostat Not Available Gluconolactone A polyhydroxy acid used in the dissolution of calculi and used as an additive in various drug products to maintain consistency and other characteristics. Apramycin An aminoglycoside antibiotic for veterinary use that is used to treat infections in animals. Allosamidin Allosamidin exhibits extremely potent inhibitory activity against chitinases from a number of sources, particularly from Candida albicans, and can be utilized as potent antifungal agent. Choline alfoscerate A natural choline that is used to manage declining cognitive function associated with neurodegenerative and vascular diseases. Hesperidin A bioflavonoid found in a variety of nutritional supplements that is touted to have various beneficial effects on blood vessel disorders and various other conditions. Gentamicin C1a Not Available Sulfatide Any of a class of cerebroside sulfuric esters, they are found largely in the medullated nerve fibers and may accumulate in metachromatic leukodystrophy. Neamine Not Available Voglibose An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor indicated in the management of postprandial blood glucose in patients with type II diabetes. Eritoran Investigated for use/treatment in sepsis and septicemia. SP1049C Intended for the treatment of carcinoma of the oesophagus. Migalastat An alpha-galactosidase A chaperone used for the treatment of Fabry disease in patients with an amenable galactosidase alpha gene (GLA) variant. R1626 Investigated for use/treatment in hepatitis (viral, C). QS-21 Investigated for use/treatment in genital herpes, HIV infection, hepatitis (viral, B), influenza, malaria, melanoma, and viral infection. LJP 1082 Investigated for use/treatment in autoimmune diseases, strokes, and thrombosis. Sodium stibogluconate For the treatment of various types of a protozoal infection called leishmaniasis, which may result from sandfly bites in tropical and temperate parts of the world. Also investigated for use/treatment... KP-1461 Investigated for use/treatment in HIV infection. Cefilavancin Investigated for use/treatment in bacterial infection, skin infections/disorders, and staph bacterial infections. PI-88 Investigated for use/treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cancer, melanoma, and multiple myeloma. Inotuzumab ozogamicin An antibody-drug conjugate used to treat B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). IT-101 Investigated for use/treatment in cancer/tumors (unspecified) and solid tumors. GPI-0100 Investigated for use/treatment in breast cancer, kidney cancer, leukemia (myeloid), melanoma, neuroblastoma, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer. Aldoxorubicin Investigated for use/treatment in solid tumors. DTS-201 Investigated for use/treatment in cancer/tumors (unspecified). Teicoplanin A glycopeptide antibiotic with a similar mechanism of action and spectrum of activity to vancomycin used to treat various infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate Used for the treatment of angina pectoris . Bimosiamose Investigated for use/treatment in asthma, psoriasis and psoriatic disorders, atopic dermatitis, inflammatory disorders (unspecified), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sugammadex A modified gamma cyclodextrin used to reverse neuromuscular blockade induced by vecuronium bromide and rocuronium bromide which are agents used for anesthesia. Dalbavancin An antibacterial used to treat acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) caused by susceptible strains of Gram-positive bacteria. Amrubicin Investigated for use/treatment in lung cancer . Sulodexide A drug used to treat chronic venous ulcers in the legs. Semuloparin Investigated for use/treatment in thrombosis. Idraparinux Investigated for use/treatment in thrombosis, venous thromboembolism, strokes, heart disease, and atrial fibrillation. Annamycin Investigated for use/treatment in breast cancer and leukemia (unspecified). E5531 Investigated for use/treatment in sepsis and septicemia. Dextrin 2-sulfate Investigated for use/treatment in HIV prevention. Arbekacin Arbekacin is used for the short term treatment of multi-resistant bacterial infections, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Ginsenoside C Not Available Ginsenoside Rb1 Ginsenosides are a class of steroid glycosides, and triterpene saponins, found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng). Ginsenosides have been the target of research, as they are viewed as... Ginsenoside Rg1 Ginsenosides are a class of steroid glycosides, and triterpene saponins, found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng). Ginsenosides have been the target of research, as they are viewed as... Danaparoid A heparinoid with anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities used for the treatment of acute episode of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT), and for prophylaxis in patients with a history of HIT. Sodium cellulose phosphate Sodium cellulose phosphate is used to treat hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. It has been used to prevent kidney stones. This compound is an ion-exchange resin that can not be absorbed by... Dalteparin A low molecular weight heparin used for the prophylaxis of thrombotic events in certain patients and prevent acute cardiac ischemic events in patients with unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Plicamycin For the treatment of testicular cancer, as well as hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria associated with a variety of advanced forms of cancer. Tinzaparin A low molecular weight heparin used for the treatment of acute symptomatic deep vein thrombosis with or without pulmonary embolism when administered in conjunction with warfarin. octyl beta-D-galactopyranoside Not Available Tricetin Not Available Puromycin Puromycin is an antibiotic that prevents bacterial protein translation. It is utilized as a selective agent in laboratory cell cultures. Puromycin is toxic to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, resulting... Nadroparin A low molecular weight heparin used for the prophylaxis of thrombotic events and deep vein thrombosis, and prevent unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Dehydroascorbic acid There is no approved indication for dehydroascorbic acid, but it has potential therapeutic use in patients with certain viruses and ischemic stroke. 2-deoxyglucose As of July 2013, there is no approved therapeutic indication for 2-deoxyglucose. 2-deoxyglucose may have several potential indications as an adjunct to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of solid... Glycerol phenylbutyrate A nitrogen-binding agent used to manage patients with urea cycle disorders who cannot be sufficiently managed amino acid supplementation and/or dietary restrictions. Ferric carboxymaltose An iron replacement therapy used to treat iron deficiency anemia in children and adults with intolerance or inadequate clinical response to oral iron, and in adult patients who have non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease. Hydroxyethyl Starch A plasma volume substitute used to treat and prevent hypovolemia. Pentastarch A plasma volume expander used as an adjunct in the management of shock due to hemorrhage, surgery, sepsis, burns or other trauma. Gadoteric acid A diagnostic contrast agent used with magnetic resonance imaging to provide contrast enhancement for intracranial and spinal lesions with abnormal blood brain barrier or abnormal vascularity, and for whole body imaging. Iothalamic acid A diagnostic contrast agent used in various medical imaging procedures, such as angiography, arthrography, and computed tomographic scans. Dextran A low molecular weight dextran used as an adjunctive treatment of shock or impending shock due to hemorrhage, burns, surgery or other trauma, as well as the prophylaxis of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during high-risk medical procedures. Bemiparin An ultra-low molecular weight heparin (ultra-LMWH) used to prevent thromboembolism following surgery and extracorporeal clotting during dialysis. Reviparin By the FDA, reviparin is indicated for the treatment of deep vein which may lead to pulmonary embolism in pediatric patients. It is also indicated for the long-term treatment of... Parnaparin A low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) used to prevent blood clots, specifically deep vein thrombosis. Certoparin A low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) used to prevent blood clots, specifically deep vein thrombosis. Chondroitin sulfate Chondroitin sulfate, used with glucosamine, is indicated to alleviate pain and inflammation from primary osteoarthritis. This supplement is reported to improve joint function and slow disease progression. Osteoarthritis is characterized... Meglumine An amino sugar found in iodinated contrast media. Xylose The predominant everyday nutritional usage of xylose is as a parent sugar alcohol from which another sugar alcohol - xylitol- can be derived from and used as an extremely common... L-tartaric acid Tartaric Acid is primarily indicated in conditions like Antiscorbutic, Antiseptic. Glycerin It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent. Fludeoxyglucose (18F) A radiopharmaceutical agent used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in oncology, cardiology, and neurology. Ferumoxides Not Annotated Sodium glycerophosphate A medication used to treat hypophosphatemia. Acacia An extract from Acacia used in allergy testing. Karaya gum An extract from Karaya gum used in allergy testing. Tragacanth An extract from Tragacanth used in allergy testing. Wheat bran An extract from Wheat bran used in allergy testing. Carob An extract from Carob used in allergy testing. Carboxymethylcellulose A compound used as an ophthalmic lubricant. Calcium gluconate An ingredient found in a variety of supplements and vitamins, and is used to lower potassium in the blood or treat magnesium poisoning. Manganese gluconate An ingredient found in a variety of supplements and vitamins. Pectin Pectin is used in food as a gelling agent and stabilizer. As a medical drug, it has obtained a great interest in its potential use as a source of dietary... Xylitol An ingredient added to dental products to remove bacteria. Arbutin Indicated for over-the-counter use for epidermal hyperpigmentation in various skin conditions, such as melasma, freckles, and senile lentigines. Methylcellulose A compound used as a bulk forming laxative and is not an approved medication. Poliglusam Poliglusam, or chitosan, is a linear polysaccharide consisting of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Naturally-occuring poliglusam is found in the cell walls of fungi, soil and sediments where it is produced from... Copper gluconate An ingredient found in a variety of supplements and vitamins. Zinc gluconate An ingredient found in a variety of supplements and vitamins. Xanthan gum Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide gum derived from* Xanthomonas campestris* by a pure-culture fermentation process and purified by recovery with isopropyl alcohol. The major constituents include D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-glucuronic... Calcium glycerophosphate An medication used to treat low levels of phosphate or calcium, as well as an ingredient in dental products to prevent dental caries. Ascorbyl glucoside Not Annotated Ascorbyl phosphate Ascorbyl phosphate is a synthetic form of Vitamin C and is found in different salt forms such as magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate. These salts are present in... Sennosides A laxative used to treat constipation. Avilamycin Not Annotated Bambermycins Bambermycins are antibiotic complexes which are retrieved from the organism, Streptomyces bambergiensis. They are used as an additive in food ingested by chickens and swine. The bambermycin complex of antibiotics... Gleptoferron Colloid solution of ferric hydroxide, dextran & glucoheptonic acid. Tulathromycin A Tulathromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used to treat bovine respiratory disease in cattle and swine respiratory disease in pigs. It is marketed by Pfizer Inc. under the tradename Draxxin. Hygromycin B Hygromycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus which kills bacteria, fungi and higher eukaryotic cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. Pirlimycin Pirlimycin hydrochloride is an antibiotic belonging to the lincosamide class. Often marketed as Pirsue, this drug is used to treat mastitis in cattle. Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan Not Annotated Antithrombin III human An alpha-2-glycoprotein used to prevent thromboembolisms in patients with hereditary antithrombin III deficiency. Hydroxyethyl cellulose An ingredient used in formulations to alleviate irritation of the skin. Pirarubicin Not Annotated Aclarubicin Not Annotated Zorubicin Zorubicin is a drug of the anthracycline class - a class of medications that have historically demonstrated effective chemotherapy for a variety of cancer types. Galactose There are limited therapeutic uses for which galactose is formally indicated. Some predominant indications include (a) the use of galactose to facilitate the construction of structurally and immunologically effective attenuated... Brexanolone Brexanolone is a synthetic neuroactive steroid gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(a)) receptor positive modulator indicated for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD) in adult women [FDA Label][A176080, A176083, F4063, F4066, F4072]. Laninamivir octanoate Laninamivir octanoate has been used in trials studying the treatment of Asthma. Ulinastatin Ulinastatin has been investigated for the prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Adverse Reaction to Drug. Iron isomaltoside 1000 Iron isomaltoside 1000 is under investigation in Iron Deficiency Anaemia. Iron isomaltoside 1000 has been investigated for the treatment and basic science of Anemia, Gastric Cancer, Esophageal Cancer, Chronic Kidney... Luseogliflozin An SGLT2 inhibitor used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. KRN-7000 KRN7000 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lung Cancer, Chronic Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, Chronic, Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific, and Prevention of GvHD in Patients... Balapiravir Balapiravir has been used in trials studying the treatment of Dengue and Hepatitis C, Chronic. Trehalose Cabaletta has been used in trials studying the treatment of Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy. Siagoside Siagoside (Sygen, AGF 2) has been investigated for the treatment of Parkinson Disease. It is a naturally occurring substance in the nerve cell’s membrane that is thought to play a... Ulodesine Ulodesine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Gout, Arthritis, Hyperuricemia, and Joint Disease. Sabarubicin Sabarubicin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Prostate Cancer, Testicular Germ Cell Tumor, and Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific. N-acetylmannosamine N-acetylmannosamine is under investigation for the other of GNE Myopathy. Sisomicin Sisomicin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pyoderma. Plazomicin An aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat complicated urinary tract infections. Zoptarelin doxorubicin Zoptarelin doxorubicin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Breast Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, and Urothelial Carcinoma, among others. Gaxilose Gaxilose has been used in trials studying the diagnostic of Lactose Intolerance. Rivipansel Rivipansel has been used in trials studying the other, basic science, and treatment of Pain Crisis, Renal impairment, Anemia, Sickle Cell, Sickle Cell Disease, and Sickle Cell Disorders, among others. Laninamivir Laninamivir has been used in trials studying the treatment of Influenza. Dianhydrogalactitol Dianhydrogalactitol has been used in trials studying the treatment of GBM, Glioma, Glioblastoma, Brain Cancer, and Glioblastoma Multiforme. TD-139 TD139 has been investigated for the treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. PSI-352938 PSI-352938 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hepatitis C and Hepatitis C, Chronic. Mannose Mannose is under investigation for the basic science of IUGR and Pregnancy. Mitolactol Mitolactol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors. Methylinositol Methylinositol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. Bleomycin A6 Bleomycin A6 (also known as boanmycin) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Squamous Cell Lung Cancer. It was developed in China as an antineoplastic antibiotic. This drug... GPX-150 GPX-150 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Advanced Solid Tumors - Phase 1 Population. Sizofiran A beta-D-glucan obtained from the Aphyllophoral fungus Schizophyllum commune. It is used as an immunoadjuvant in the treatment of neoplasms, especially tumors found in the stomach. Sizofiran has been used... Calcium glubionate anhydrous A calcium salt indicated in the treatment of hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, lead poisoning, and as an adjunct in the treatment of exudative skin conditions. Esculin As medication, esculin is sometimes used as a vasoprotective agent. Esculin is also used in a microbiology laboratory to aid in the identification of bacterial species (especially Enterococci and Listeria),... Inositol An ingredient found in a variety of nutritional products. Gluconic Acid An electrolyte supplement used in total parenteral nutrition. Cymarin Not Annotated Dibekacin Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic marketed in Japan . Micronomicin Micronomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic which is marketed in Japan, and sold under the brand names Sagamicin and Luxomicina. Proscillaridin Proscillaridin is a cardiac glycoside that is derived from plants of the genus Scilla and in Drimia maritima (Scilla maritima). Studies suggest the potential cytotoxic and anticancer property of proscillaridin,... Metildigoxin A digitalis glycoside indicated in the treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Ioxitalamic acid A contrast agent used for CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis. Guar gum Not Annotated Lanatoside C Not Annotated Lentinan Not Annotated Gitoformate Not Annotated Isepamicin Not Annotated Mitobronitol Not Annotated Dextranomer Not Annotated Oxidized cellulose Not Annotated Calcium pangamate Not Annotated Mifamurtide A muramyl dipeptide derivative used to treat high grade, resectable, non-metastatic osteosarcoma after surgical resection. Acetyldigoxin Not Annotated Sodium tartrate It acts as an emulsifier and pH control agent in food products , . In the laboratory, it is used while performing the Karl Fischer equation, which is used to... Meglumine antimoniate Not Annotated Magnesium gluconate A mineral supplement used to treat or prevent hypomagnesemia. Iocarmic acid Not Annotated Fosfructose A phosphorylated form of fructose indicated in the treatment of hypophosphatemia. Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine group A Meningococcal group A polysaccharide is group-specific polysaccharide antigens extracted and purified from Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A. N. meningitidis is a bacteria that causes endemic and epidemic diseases including meningitis and... Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine group C Meningococcal group C polysaccharide is group-specific polysaccharide antigens extracted and purified from Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C. N. meningitidis is a bacteria that causes endemic and epidemic diseases including meningitis and... Calcium saccharate Pharmaceutic Aid (Stabilizer) Ceramide NP Ceramide NP is a lipid molecule included in a group of lipid molecules called ceramides. Ceramides are major lipid components in the stratum corneum of the human skin. Ceramide 3... Hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose Hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose modulates bacterial binding to salivary pellicle; moderately effective in preventing plaque formation. Ginsenosides Dammarane type triterpene saponins based mainly on the aglycones, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol. Microcrystalline cellulose A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material,... Bilberry Not Annotated Sodium ascorbate Not Available Calcium ascorbate Not Available Magnesium ascorbate Not Available Ferrous ascorbate A medication used to treat iron-deficiency anemia. Ribavirin monophosphate Not Annotated Ribitol Not Annotated Ceramide AP Not Annotated Ceramide NG Not Annotated Gancotamab Gancotamab is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02213744 (MM-302 Plus Trastuzumab vs. Chemotherapy of Physician's Choice Plus Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive Locally Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients). Ginsenoside B2 Ginsenoside B2 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00781534 (A Clinical Trial of Ginseng in Diabetes). Uproleselan Uproleselan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02306291 (Study to Determine Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of GMI-1271 in Combination With Chemotherapy in AML). Lucerastat Lucerastat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03425539 (Efficacy and Safety of Lucerastat Oral Monotherapy in Adult Subjects With Fabry Disease). Imgatuzumab Imgatuzumab is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01326000 (A Study of RO5083945 in Combination With FOLFIRI Versus FOLFIRI Plus Cetuximab or FOLFIRI Alone as Second Line Treatment in Patients With... Coleneuramide Coleneuramide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00307749 (Safety and Efficacy of MCC-257 in the Treatment of Diabetic Polyneuropathy). Konjac mannan Konjac mannan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01709955 (The Effects of Glucomannan on Weight Loss). Phytic acid Phytic acid is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01000233 (Value of Oral Phytate (InsP6) in the Prevention of Progression of the Cardiovascular Calcifications). Fitusiran Fitusiran is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02554773 (An Open-label Extension Study of an Investigational Drug, ALN-AT3SC, in Patients With Moderate or Severe Hemophilia A or B). Sevuparin Sevuparin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03853421 (Placebo-controlled Study to Determine the Safety and Tolerability of Subcutaneous Doses of Sevuparin). Licogliflozin Licogliflozin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03320941 (A Dose-finding Study to Evaluate the Change in Weight After Treatment With LIK066 in Japanese Patients With Obesity). Sucralose Sucralose is an artificial sweetener used as a sugar substitute. Givosiran A 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase-directed small interfering RNA (siRNA) used in the prophylaxis of acute hepatic porphyria. Ribose Ribose is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01727479 (Ribose and Sport Performance). Psicose Psicose is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02459834 (The Fructose and Allulose Catalytic Effects (FACE) Trial). Somapacitan A human growth hormone analog subcutaneous injection indicated for adults with growth hormone deficiency. Belapectin Belapectin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02575404 (GR-MD-02 Plus Pembrolizumab in Melanoma, Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, and Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancer Patients). Voruciclib Voruciclib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03547115 (A Phase 1 Study of Voruciclib in Subjects With B-Cell Malignancies or AML). Fucose Fucose is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03354533 (Study of ORL-1F (L-fucose) in Patients With Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type II). VB-201 VB-201 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01001468 (Study to Assess VB-201 in Patients With Psoriasis). iota-Carrageenan iota-Carrageenan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01944631 (Iota-Carrageenan Nasal Spray in Common Cold). Hydroxypropyl betadex Hydroxypropyl betadex is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03471143 (Study of IV VTS-270 for Infantile Liver Disease Associated With Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C). Glucoraphanin Glucoraphanin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01879878 (Pilot Study Evaluating Broccoli Sprouts in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer [POUDER Trial]). Ferric derisomaltose An iron injection used in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. beta-Escin An anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive agent indicated to treat minor muscle and joint trauma. Lactobacillus acidophilus Not Annotated Dermatan sulfate A medication indicated to prevent deep vein thrombosis. Escin An anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive agent indicated to treat minor muscle and joint trauma. Hesperidin methylchalcone Not Annotated Naxitamab A GD2-targeted IgG1 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of high-risk relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma of the bone or bone marrow. 2'-Fucosyllactose 2'-Fucosyllactose is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03847467 (Pilot and Feasibility Study of 2'-FL as a Dietary Supplement in IBD Patients Receiving Stable Maintenance Anti-tnf Therapy). Nanoparticle Epirubicin Nanoparticle Epirubicin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03168061 (Dose-escalation and Expansion Trial of NC-6300 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Soft Tissue Sarcoma). ABX-196 ABX-196 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03897543 (ABX196 in Combination With Nivolumab in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma). Matrix-M Matrix-M is a saponin-based adjuvant made of nanometer particles, cholesterol, and phospholipid that is developed by Novavax. This compound is administered alongside vaccines to enhance biological functions: creating robust and... Mucopolysaccharide polysulphate An anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant indicated in the treatment of bruising and varicose veins. Lactobionic acid A component of a solution indicated in the preservation of organs from extraction to transplant. 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose Not Annotated Phlorizin Not Annotated - Drugs & Drug Targets