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Identification
- Summary
Soybean oil is an oil used as a source of calories and essential fatty acids in selected patients for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) therapy and prevention of essential fatty acid deficiency.
- Brand Names
- Clinoleic, Clinolipid, Intralipid, Nutrilipid, Olimel, Periolimel
- Generic Name
- Soybean oil
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB09422
- Background
Derived from soybeans, soybean oil is a common vegetable oil and a source of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids. It is a complex mixture of triglycerides where per 100 g, soybean oil has 16 g of saturated fat, 23 g of monounsaturated fat, and 58 g of polyunsaturated fat. The major component fatty acids are linoleic (48% - 58%), oleic (17% - 30%), palmitic (9% -13%), linolenic (4% - 11%), and stearic (2.5% - 5.0%). It is used as a cooking oil and lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition in clinical settings. Soybean oil-based lipid emulsion is the only FDA-approved lipid formulation for clinical use.
- Type
- Biotech
- Groups
- Approved
- Synonyms
- Dolichos soja seed oil
- Glycine angustifolia seed oil
- Glycine gracilis seed oil
- Glycine hispida seed oil
- Oils, soybean
- Phalseolus max seed oil
- Phaseolus max seed oil
- Soja angustifolia seed oil
- Soja hispida seed oil
- Soja japonica seed oil
- Soja max seed oil
- Soja soja seed oil
- Soja viridis seed oil
- Soya bean seed oil
- Soya oil
- Soybean oil
- Soybean seed oil
Pharmacology
- Indication
In a clinical context, soybean oil is used as a source of calories and fatty acids in patients requiring parenteral nutrition. A formulation called Clinolipid, comprising soybean oil and olive oil, is indicated in all age groups, including term and preterm neonates, as a source of calories and essential fatty acids for parenteral nutrition (PN) when oral or enteral nutrition is not possible, insufficient, or contraindicated.11
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Essential fatty acid deficiency (efad) Combination Product in combination with: Medium-chain triglycerides (DB13959) •••••••••••• •••••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Soybean oil is a nutrition source that provides a biologically utilizable source of calories and essential fatty acids. It prevents the biochemical lesions of essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD), and correct the clinical manifestations of the EFAD syndrome 10 by supplying energy and nutrients.
- Mechanism of action
Fatty acids serve as an important substrate for energy production. The most common mechanism of action for energy production derived from fatty acid metabolism is beta oxidation. Fatty acids are also important for membrane structure and function, precursors for bioactive molecules (such as prostaglandins), and as regulators of gene expression. Soybean oil-based lipid emulsion may also cause an increase in heat production, decrease in respiratory quotient, and increase in oxygen consumption following its administration 8. Soybean oil contents prevent abnormally high triacylglycerol synthesis and its accumulation as lipid droplets in the liver by regulating hepatic lipogenesis and lipolysis. In vitro, soybean oil is shown to prevent downregulation of CYP2C2, CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 mRNA thus maintaining hepatic drug oxidation capabilities. Soybean oil is broken down into free fatty acids that activate PPAR-alpha, which regulate hepatic CYP4A1 that hydroxylate saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Soybean oil is also shown to prevent up/downregulation of efflux transporters and maintain mRNA levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in vitro rat studies 5.
Target Actions Organism APeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activatorHumans - Absorption
Following infusion, there is a transient increase in plasma triglycerides.
- Volume of distribution
After triglycerides are hydrolyzed, fatty acids can enter the tissues where they may be oxidized or resynthesized into triglcerides and stored.
- Protein binding
Free fatty acids circulate in the plasma, bound to albumin.
- Metabolism
The infused lipid particles are removed from the bloodstream in a manner generally thought to be similar to the enzymatic clearance of naturally produced chylomicrons formed after enteral fat intake. The triglycerides are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids and glycerol by the enzyme lipoprotein lipase. In the liver, circulating free fatty acids are oxidized or converted to very low density lipoproteins by hepatic lipase that re-enter the bloodstream.
- Route of elimination
Converted carbon dioxide from smaller fatty acid units are excreted by the lungs.
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
The elimination rate of lipid emulsions depends on particle size, fatty acid composition, apolipoprotein content of the lipid globules, lipoprotein lipase activity, and hepatic lipase activity 9.
- Adverse Effects
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The most frequent adverse effects were nausea, vomiting and muscle spasm. Soybean oil-based lipid emulsions can cause hypersensitivity reactions and risks of catheter-related infections. Fat overload syndrome is a rare condition that has been reported with intravenous lipid emulsions, due to a reduced or limited ability to metabolize lipids accompanied by prolonged plasma clearance. Worsensing conditions of the patients can be seen including hematological effects, declined hepatic function and central nervous system manifestations. Hypertriglyceridema may occur. Preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants have poor clearance of intravenous lipid emulsion and increased free fatty acid plasma levels following lipid emulsion infusion, leading to accumulation in lungs. It is advised not to exceed 0.75 mL/kg/hour.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbciximab The therapeutic efficacy of Abciximab can be decreased when used in combination with Soybean oil. Acenocoumarol The therapeutic efficacy of Acenocoumarol can be decreased when used in combination with Soybean oil. Alteplase The therapeutic efficacy of Alteplase can be decreased when used in combination with Soybean oil. Ancrod The therapeutic efficacy of Ancrod can be decreased when used in combination with Soybean oil. Anistreplase The therapeutic efficacy of Anistreplase can be decreased when used in combination with Soybean oil. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Intralipid Emulsion 20 g/100mL Intravenous Fresenius Kabi Italia S.R.L. 2004-04-01 Not applicable US 
Intralipid Emulsion 20 g/100mL Intravenous Baxter Healthcare Corporation 2004-04-01 Not applicable US Intralipid Emulsion 20 g/100mL Intravenous Fresenius Kabi Italia S.R.L. 2004-04-01 Not applicable US Intralipid Emulsion 10 g/100mL Intravenous Baxter Healthcare Corporation 2014-12-12 Not applicable US Intralipid Emulsion 20 g/100mL Intravenous Fresenius Kabi Italia S.R.L. 2004-04-01 Not applicable US - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image CELEPID 10% Intravenous Fat Emulsion Injection, emulsion Intravenous BioCare Pharmaceutical (M) Sdn. Bhd. 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia 
CELEPID 20% Intravenous Fat Emulsion Injection, emulsion Intravenous BioCare Pharmaceutical (M) Sdn. Bhd. 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia Cipherkey Hair Tonic Liquid 8 g/100mL Topical Jeuncell Co.,Ltd 2023-09-21 Not applicable US CIPHERKEYshampoo Shampoo 3 g/100mL Topical Jeuncell Co.,Ltd 2023-09-14 Not applicable US essenHERB Soybean 90 Deep Cleansing Oil 91.6 g/100mL Topical Ami Cosmetic Co.,Ltd. 2015-06-11 2019-01-15 US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 10% Travamulsion Liq IV Soybean oil (10 g / 100 mL) + Egg phospholipids (1.2 g / 100 mL) Liquid Intravenous Baxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division 1995-12-31 2015-08-05 Canada 
20% Travamulsion Liq IV Soybean oil (20 g / 100 mL) + Egg phospholipids (1.2 g / 100 mL) Liquid Intravenous Baxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division 1995-12-31 2015-08-05 Canada CELEPID MCT-LCT 20% W/V Soybean oil (10 g) + Medium-chain triglycerides (10 g) Emulsion Intravenous FARMALOGICA S.A. 2007-03-14 Not applicable Colombia 
CLINOLEIC %20 IV İNFÜZYONLUK LİPİD EMÜLSİYON, 100 ML Soybean oil (4 g/100ml) + Olive oil (16 g/100ml) Injection Intravenous EİP ECZACIBAŞI İLAÇ PAZARLAMA A.Ş. 2020-08-14 Not applicable Turkey 
CLINOLEIC %20 IV İNFÜZYONLUK LİPİD EMÜLSİYON, 1000 ML Soybean oil (4 g/100ml) + Olive oil (16 g/100ml) Injection Intravenous EİP ECZACIBAŞI İLAÇ PAZARLAMA A.Ş. 2020-08-14 Not applicable Turkey - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Cipherkey Hair Tonic Soybean oil (8 g/100mL) Liquid Topical Jeuncell Co.,Ltd 2023-09-21 Not applicable US CIPHERKEYshampoo Soybean oil (3 g/100mL) Shampoo Topical Jeuncell Co.,Ltd 2023-09-14 Not applicable US essenHERB Soybean 90 Deep Cleansing Soybean oil (91.6 g/100mL) Oil Topical Ami Cosmetic Co.,Ltd. 2015-06-11 2019-01-15 US JANGBALZZANG BIOTINshampoo Soybean oil (4 g/100mL) Shampoo Topical Jeuncell Co.,Ltd 2023-09-21 Not applicable US Jangbalzzang Hair Tonic Soybean oil (6 g/100mL) Liquid Topical Jeuncell Co.,Ltd 2023-09-21 Not applicable US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Classification
- Not classified
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 241ATL177A
- CAS number
- 8001-22-7
References
- General References
- Umpierrez GE, Spiegelman R, Zhao V, Smiley DD, Pinzon I, Griffith DP, Peng L, Morris T, Luo M, Garcia H, Thomas C, Newton CA, Ziegler TR: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial comparing soybean oil-based versus olive oil-based lipid emulsions in adult medical-surgical intensive care unit patients requiring parenteral nutrition. Crit Care Med. 2012 Jun;40(6):1792-8. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182474bf9. [Article]
- Siqueira J, Smiley D, Newton C, Le NA, Gosmanov AR, Spiegelman R, Peng L, Osteen SJ, Jones DP, Quyyumi AA, Ziegler TR, Umpierrez GE: Substitution of standard soybean oil with olive oil-based lipid emulsion in parenteral nutrition: comparison of vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory effects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Oct;96(10):3207-16. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-0480. Epub 2011 Aug 10. [Article]
- Jiang ZM, Wilmore DW, Wang XR, Wei JM, Zhang ZT, Gu ZY, Wang S, Han SM, Jiang H, Yu K: Randomized clinical trial of intravenous soybean oil alone versus soybean oil plus fish oil emulsion after gastrointestinal cancer surgery. Br J Surg. 2010 Jun;97(6):804-9. doi: 10.1002/bjs.6999. [Article]
- Tomsits E, Pataki M, Tolgyesi A, Fekete G, Rischak K, Szollar L: Safety and efficacy of a lipid emulsion containing a mixture of soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil: a randomised, double-blind clinical trial in premature infants requiring parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010 Oct;51(4):514-21. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181de210c. [Article]
- Nishimura M, Yamaguchi M, Naito S, Yamauchi A: Soybean oil fat emulsion to prevent TPN-induced liver damage: possible molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 May;29(5):855-62. [Article]
- Kapoor V, Glover R, Malviya MN: Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Dec 2;(12):CD009172. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009172.pub2. [Article]
- SMOFLIPID (lipid injectable emulsion) FDA Label [Link]
- NUTRILIPID® (lipid injectable emulsion) FDA Label [Link]
- CLINOLEIC 20% (Lipid Emulsion for Intravenous Nutrition) FDA Label [Link]
- INTRALIPID (soybean oil emulsion) Dailymed drug label information [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Clinolipid (lipid injectable emulsion) for intravenous infusion [Link]
- External Links
- PubChem Substance
- 347910452
- 9949
- Wikipedia
- Soybean_oil
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Available Not Available Cholestasis / Growth Failure 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Inflammation / Resistance, Insulin 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Basic Science Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II Deficiency, Myopathic / Long-chain 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (LCHAD) Deficiency / Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency / Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein Deficiency / Normal Volunteers / Very Long Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (VLCAD) Deficiency 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Basic Science Diabetes / Obesity 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Basic Science Healthy Volunteers (HV) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Liquid Intravenous Injection, emulsion Intravenous Emulsion Intravenous 2000000 g Emulsion Intravenous 10 g Emulsion Intravenous 1000000 g Liquid Topical 8 g/100mL Shampoo Topical 3 g/100mL Emulsion Intravenous 20 g Oil Topical 91.6 g/100mL Capsule Emulsion Intravenous 10 g/100mL Emulsion Intravenous 10 % Emulsion Intravenous 20 % Emulsion Intravenous 20 g/100mL Emulsion Intravenous 30 g/100mL Emulsion Parenteral 10 G/100ML Emulsion Parenteral 20 G/100ML Emulsion Parenteral 30 G/100ML Injection Intravenous 30 G/100ML Solution Intravenous 20 % Emulsion Intravenous 10 % w/v Emulsion Intravenous 20 % w/v Injection Intravenous Injection Intravenous 200 G/1000ML Injection, emulsion Intravenous 20 % Emulsion Parenteral 20 % Emulsion Intravenous 30 % w/v Injection Intravenous 200 mg/ml Injection Parenteral 10 g Suspension Parenteral 20 g Shampoo Topical 4 g/100mL Liquid Topical 6 g/100mL Emulsion Parenteral 20.000 g Injection Intravenous 1.6 g/l Suspension Parenteral 100 g Emulsion Parenteral 200 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous drip Injection Intravenous 12 g/1000ml Injection Intravenous Injection, emulsion Intravenous Emulsion Parenteral 20.000 g Injection Intravenous 12 g/L Emulsion Intravenous 0.2 g Spray Topical Injection, emulsion Parenteral Emulsion Intravenous 0.466 g Injection, emulsion; injection, solution Intravenous Emulsion Parenteral Emulsion Intravenous Injection, emulsion Intravenous 4.656 g/1000ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 6.792 g/1000ml Injection, solution Intravenous 20 g/100mL Emulsion Intravenous 176 g/l Emulsion Intravenous 4 g Solution Intravenous Injection Intravenous 200 G/L Emulsion Intravenous 3 g Capsule Oral Emulsion Intravenous 13.000 g Emulsion Parenteral 42.00 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 14 g/1000ml Emulsion Intravenous 200 MG/ML Injection, solution Intravenous Powder Oral Emulsion Intravenous Solution Parenteral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US5840757 No 1998-11-24 2015-11-24 US US9717852 No 2017-08-01 2033-04-08 US
Properties
- State
- Not Available
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Activator
- General Function
- Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety. Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as a transcription activator for the ACOX1 and P450 genes. Transactivation activity requires heterodimerization with RXRA and is antagonized by NR2C2. May be required for the propagation of clock information to metabolic pathways regulated by PER2
- Specific Function
- DNA binding
- Gene Name
- PPARA
- Uniprot ID
- Q07869
- Uniprot Name
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 52224.595 Da
References
- Nishimura M, Yamaguchi M, Naito S, Yamauchi A: Soybean oil fat emulsion to prevent TPN-induced liver damage: possible molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 May;29(5):855-62. [Article]
Drug created at November 30, 2015 19:10 / Updated at October 10, 2024 12:49