Alteplase
Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Summary
Alteplase is a recombinant form of human tissue plasminogen activator used in the emergency treatment of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and pulmonary emboli.
- Brand Names
- Activase, Cathflo, Cathflo Activase
- Generic Name
- Alteplase
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00009
- Background
Alteplase is a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) used as a thrombolytic agent.6 It cleaves plasminogen to form plasmin, an enzyme involved in the degradation of fibrin clots. In the absence of fibrin, the alteplase-mediated conversion of plasminogen is limited, thanks to the high affinity between alteplase and fibrin.3,6 Alteplase is a purified glycoprotein of 527 amino acids expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.5,6 It was first approved by the FDA in 1987 for the management of thromboembolic disease, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI).1 The use of alteplase to manage AMI has decreased thanks to the availability of safer treatments such as angioplasty and stenting. However, its use for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has increased over the years.4 New thrombolytic agents derived from tissue plasminogen activator, such as desmoteplase, tenecteplase and reteplase, have also been developed.1,5 Alteplase is also available as Cathflo Activase (intracatheter instillation) for the restoration of function to central venous access devices.8
- Type
- Biotech
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Biologic Classification
- Protein Based Therapies
Thrombolytic agents - Protein Structure
- Protein Chemical Formula
- C2569H3928N746O781S40
- Protein Average Weight
- 59000.0 Da (Does not include carboyhydrate moieties)
- Sequences
>Alteplase sequence SYQVICRDEKTQMIYQQHQSWLRPVLRSNRVEYCWCNSGRAQCHSVPVKSCSEPRCFNGG TCQQALYFSDFVCQCPEGFAGKCCEIDTRATCYEDQGISYRGTWSTAESGAECTNWNSSA LAQKPYSGRRPDAIRLGLGNHNYCRNPDRDSKPWCYVFKAGKYSSEFCSTPACSEGNSDC YFGNGSAYRGTHSLTESGASCLPWNSMILIGKVYTAQNPSAQALGLGKHNYCRNPDGDAK PWCHVLKNRRLTWEYCDVPSCSTCGLRQYSQPQFRIKGGLFADIASHPWQAAIFAKHRRS PGERFLCGGILISSCWILSAAHCFQERFPPHHLTVILGRTYRVVPGEEEQKFEVEKYIVH KEFDDDTYDNDIALLQLKSDSSRCAQESSVVRTVCLPPADLQLPDWTECELSGYGKHEAL SPFYSERLKEAHVRLYPSSRCTSQHLLNRTVTDNMLCAGDTRSGGPQANLHDACQGDSGG PLVCLNDGRMTLVGIISWGLGCGQKDVPGVYTKVTNYLDWIRDNMRP
Download FASTA FormatReferences:
- Health Canada Product Monograph Including Patient Medication Information: Activase rt-PA (alteplase) lyophilized powder for injection [Link]
- Synonyms
- Alteplasa
- Alteplase
- Alteplase (genetical recombination)
- Alteplase, recombinant
- Alteplase,recombinant
- Plasminogen activator (human tissue-type protein moiety)
- rt-PA
- t-PA
- t-plasminogen activator
- Tissue plasminogen activator
- Tissue plasminogen activator alteplase
- Tissue plasminogen activator, recombinant
- tPA
Pharmacology
- Indication
Alteplase is indicated for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and for use in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for the reduction of mortality and incidence of heart failure. Alteplase is also indicated for the lysis of acute massive pulmonary embolism, defined as acute pulmonary emboli obstructing blood flow to a lobe or multiple lung segments, and acute pulmonary emboli accompanied by unstable hemodynamics.6
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Acute ischemic stroke •••••••••••• ••••••••• Prevention of Cardiac mortality •••••••••••• ••••••••• Prevention of Heart failure •••••••••••• ••••••••• Treatment of Pulmonary embolism acute massive •••••••••••• ••••••••• Prevention of Central venous access device thrombosis •••••••••••• •••••••••• ••••••• •••••••••••• ••• ••••••••• ••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
- Pharmacodynamics
Alteplase binds to fibrin and plasminogen. Alteplase specificity for fibrin is achieved thanks to its high affinity for lysine residues. Also, it can bind plasminogen via loop structures called kringles, stabilized by three disulphide linkages similar to the ones in plasminogen. The specificity of alteplase for plasminogen bound to fibrin allows this drug to act in a clot- or fibrin-specific manner, leading to low concentrations of circulating plasmin and a lower risk of hemorrhagic transformation.1,3
In patients with acute myocardial infarction, alteplase reduces fibrinogen levels 3 to 6 hours after treatment. In patients with acute ischemic stroke, patients treated with alteplase have a significantly higher resolution of hyperdense artery sign, a marker of clot formation in the proximal middle cerebral artery, compared to those treated with placebo.3 The use of alteplase increases the risk of bleeding and thromboembolic events. Rare cases of cholesterol embolism have also been reported.6
- Mechanism of action
Alteplase is a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) that converts plasminogen to plasmin in a fibrin-dependent process. In the absence of fibrin, alteplase converts a limited amount of plasminogen. However, in the presence of fibrin clots, alteplase binds to fibrin and cleaves the arginine-valine bond at positions 560 and 561 of plasminogen, converting it into its active form, plasmin. Plasmin in turn degrades the fibrin matrix of the thrombus and promotes clot dissolution.1 Alteplase initiates local fibrinolysis with limited systemic proteolysis.6
Target Actions Organism APlasminogen activatorHumans AFibrinogen alpha chain binderHumans AFibrinogen gamma chain binderHumans UPlasminogen activator inhibitor 1 Not Available Humans - Absorption
Healthy volunteers with a baseline endogenous tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) of 3.3 ng/ml had a 290-fold increase in baseline concentrations after receiving alteplase at an infusion rate of 0.25 mg/kg for 30 min; with an infusion rate of 0.5 mg/kg, a 550-fold increase was observed.1 Acute myocardial infarction patients (n=12) given 10 mg of alteplase in a 2-minute infusion reached a peak plasma concentration of 3310 ng/ml. This was followed by 50 mg of alteplase in 1 h and 30 mg in 1.5 h, resulting in steady-state plasma levels of 2210 ng/ml and 930 ng/ml, respectively.2
- Volume of distribution
The initial volume of distribution approximates plasma volume.6 The average volume of distribution of the central compartment goes from 3.9 to 4.3 L, and the volume of distribution at steady state goes from 7.2 to 12 L.1
- Protein binding
Not available.
- Metabolism
Alteplase is mainly metabolized by the liver. The carbohydrate and polypeptide domains of alteplase interact with hepatic glycoprotein receptors, leading to receptor-mediated endocytosis.1 In vivo studies suggest that alteplase follows zero-order kinetics, meaning that its metabolism is saturable at higher plasma concentrations.1
- Route of elimination
In healthy volunteers, more than 80% of alteplase is eliminated through urine 18 hours after administration.1
- Half-life
Alteplase has an initial half-life of less than 5 minutes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The dominant initial plasma half-life of the 3-hour and the accelerated regimens for AMI are similar.6
- Clearance
Alteplase has a plasma clearance between 380 and 570 mL/min.6
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
Toxicity information regarding alteplase is not readily available. Patients experiencing an overdose are at an increased risk of severe adverse effects such as risk of bleeding and thromboembolic events.6 Symptomatic and supportive measures are recommended. The carcinogenic potential of alteplase or its effect on fertility have not been evaluated. In vivo studies evaluating tumorigenicity and in vitro studies evaluating mutagenicity were negative.6 It has been estimated that the acute oral and dermal toxicity of alteplase is above 5,000 mg/kg.7
- Pathways
Pathway Category Alteplase Action Pathway Drug action - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbciximab The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Alteplase. Aceclofenac The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Aceclofenac is combined with Alteplase. Acemetacin The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Alteplase is combined with Acemetacin. Acenocoumarol The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Alteplase is combined with Acenocoumarol. Acetylsalicylic acid Acetylsalicylic acid may increase the anticoagulant activities of Alteplase. - Food Interactions
- Avoid herbs and supplements with anticoagulant/antiplatelet activity. Examples include garlic, ginger, bilberry, danshen, piracetam, and ginkgo biloba.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Activase Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; Kit 100 mg/100mL Intravenous Genentech, Inc. 1987-11-13 Not applicable US Activase Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; Kit 50 mg/50mL Intravenous Genentech, Inc. 1987-11-13 Not applicable US Activase RT-PA Inj Powder, for solution 50 mg/50mL Intravenous Hoffmann La Roche 1987-12-31 1998-07-31 Canada Activase RT-PA Inj Powder, for solution 50 mg/50mL Intravenous Hoffmann La Roche 1987-12-31 1998-07-31 Canada Activase RT-PA Inj Powder, for solution 50 mg/50mL Intravenous Hoffmann La Roche 1987-12-31 1998-07-31 Canada - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Activase RT-PA Alteplase (100 mg / kit) + Water (100 mL / kit) Liquid; Powder, for solution Intravenous Hoffmann La Roche 1996-12-31 Not applicable Canada Activase RT-PA Alteplase (50 mg / kit) + Water (50 mL / kit) Liquid; Powder, for solution Intravenous Hoffmann La Roche 1998-04-12 Not applicable Canada Lysatec RT - Pa Alteplase (50 mg / kit) + Water (50 mL / kit) Powder, for solution Intravenous Genentech, Inc. 1993-12-31 1997-08-26 Canada
Categories
- ATC Codes
- B01AD02 — Alteplase
- B01AD — Enzymes
- B01A — ANTITHROMBOTIC AGENTS
- B01 — ANTITHROMBOTIC AGENTS
- B — BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS
- Drug Categories
- Agents causing angioedema
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Anticoagulants
- Blood and Blood Forming Organs
- Blood Proteins
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Endopeptidases
- Enzymes
- Enzymes and Coenzymes
- Fibrin Modulating Agents
- Fibrinolytic Agents
- Hematologic Agents
- Hydrolases
- Ophthalmologicals
- Peptide Hydrolases
- Plasminogen Activators
- Proteins
- Sensory Organs
- Serine Endopeptidases
- Serine Proteases
- Tissue Plasminogen Activator
- Tissue Plasminogen Activator, antagonists & inhibitors
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- Not Available
- Kingdom
- Organic Compounds
- Super Class
- Organic Acids
- Class
- Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
- Direct Parent
- Peptides
- Alternative Parents
- Not Available
- Substituents
- Not Available
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 1RXS4UE564
- CAS number
- 105857-23-6
References
- Synthesis Reference
Goeddel, DV., et al. (1988). Human tissue plasminogen activator (U.S. Patent No. 4,766,075 A). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/a7/38/45/ec3813293b05c5/US4766075.pdf
- General References
- Acheampong P, Ford GA: Pharmacokinetics of alteplase in the treatment of ischaemic stroke. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2012 Feb;8(2):271-81. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2012.652615. Epub 2012 Jan 17. [Article]
- Seifried E, Tanswell P, Ellbruck D, Haerer W, Schmidt A: Pharmacokinetics and haemostatic status during consecutive infusions of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost. 1989 Jun 30;61(3):497-501. [Article]
- Dhillon S: Alteplase: a review of its use in the management of acute ischaemic stroke. CNS Drugs. 2012 Oct 1;26(10):899-926. doi: 10.2165/11209940-000000000-00000. [Article]
- Doggrell SA: Alteplase: descendancy in myocardial infarction, ascendancy in stroke. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2001 Nov;10(11):2013-29. doi: 10.1517/13543784.10.11.2013. [Article]
- Collen D, Lijnen HR: Tissue-type plasminogen activator: a historical perspective and personal account. J Thromb Haemost. 2004 Apr;2(4):541-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7933.2004.00645.x. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: ACTIVASE (alteplase) injection for intravenous use [Link]
- Genentech: ACTIVASE (alteplase) SDS [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Cathflo Activase (alteplase) powder for reconstitution for use in central venous access devices [Link]
- External Links
- UniProt
- P00750
- Genbank
- L00153
- KEGG Drug
- D02837
- PubChem Substance
- 46507035
- 8410
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1201593
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000203
- PharmGKB
- PA164776730
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Alteplase
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Completed Not Available Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Medium-vessel-occlusion 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Alteplase / Death / Stroke, Acute / Thrombolytic Therapy 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Brain Injury / Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Hypertensive / Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Collateral Circulation, Any Site 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Ischemic Stroke 3 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Genentech Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, powder, for solution 50 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 2 MG Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 20 MG/20ML Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 50 MG/50ML Solution Intravenous 20 MG Solution Intravenous 50 MG Solution Intravenous 50.0 mg Solution Intravenous 10 mg Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous 50 MG/50ML Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 50 mg Solution Intravenous Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; kit Intravenous 100 mg/100mL Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; kit Intravenous 50 mg/50mL Liquid; powder, for solution Intravenous Powder, for solution Intravenous 50 mg/50mL Powder, for solution Intravenous 2 mg / vial Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous 2.2 mg/2mL Powder, for solution Intravenous Powder 50 mg/1vial - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Activase 100 mg vial 4779.71USD vial Activase 50 mg vial 2389.85USD vial Cathflo activase 2 mg vial 106.33USD vial DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 60 °C Novokhatny, V.V. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 266:12994-123002 (1991) hydrophobicity -0.516 Not Available isoelectric point 7.61 Not Available
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Activator
- General Function
- Plasmin dissolves the fibrin of blood clots and acts as a proteolytic factor in a variety of other processes including embryonic development, tissue remodeling, tumor invasion, and inflammation. In ovulation, weakens the walls of the Graafian follicle. It activates the urokinase-type plasminogen activator, collagenases and several complement zymogens, such as C1 and C5. Cleavage of fibronectin and laminin leads to cell detachment and apoptosis. Also cleaves fibrin, thrombospondin and von Willebrand factor. Its role in tissue remodeling and tumor invasion may be modulated by CSPG4. Binds to cells
- Specific Function
- apolipoprotein binding
- Gene Name
- PLG
- Uniprot ID
- P00747
- Uniprot Name
- Plasminogen
- Molecular Weight
- 90568.415 Da
References
- Longstaff C, Williams S, Thelwell C: Fibrin binding and the regulation of plasminogen activators during thrombolytic therapy. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2008 Jul;6(3):212-23. [Article]
- Hilleman DE, Tsikouris JP, Seals AA, Marmur JD: Fibrinolytic agents for the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Pharmacotherapy. 2007 Nov;27(11):1558-70. [Article]
- Acheampong P, Ford GA: Pharmacokinetics of alteplase in the treatment of ischaemic stroke. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2012 Feb;8(2):271-81. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2012.652615. Epub 2012 Jan 17. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: ACTIVASE (alteplase) injection for intravenous use [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Binder
- Curator comments
- Alteplase binds to fibrin, a molecule formed by the action of the protease thrombin on fibrinogen.
- General Function
- Cleaved by the protease thrombin to yield monomers which, together with fibrinogen beta (FGB) and fibrinogen gamma (FGG), polymerize to form an insoluble fibrin matrix. Fibrin has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots. In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization. Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However, subsequent studies have shown that it is not absolutely required for thrombus formation in vivo. Enhances expression of SELP in activated platelets via an ITGB3-dependent pathway. Maternal fibrinogen is essential for successful pregnancy. Fibrin deposition is also associated with infection, where it protects against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage. May also facilitate the immune response via both innate and T-cell mediated pathways
- Specific Function
- extracellular matrix structural constituent
- Gene Name
- FGA
- Uniprot ID
- P02671
- Uniprot Name
- Fibrinogen alpha chain
- Molecular Weight
- 94972.455 Da
References
- Longstaff C, Williams S, Thelwell C: Fibrin binding and the regulation of plasminogen activators during thrombolytic therapy. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2008 Jul;6(3):212-23. [Article]
- Hilleman DE, Tsikouris JP, Seals AA, Marmur JD: Fibrinolytic agents for the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Pharmacotherapy. 2007 Nov;27(11):1558-70. [Article]
- Acheampong P, Ford GA: Pharmacokinetics of alteplase in the treatment of ischaemic stroke. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2012 Feb;8(2):271-81. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2012.652615. Epub 2012 Jan 17. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: ACTIVASE (alteplase) injection for intravenous use [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Binder
- Curator comments
- Alteplase binds to fibrin, a molecule formed by the action of the protease thrombin on fibrinogen.
- General Function
- Together with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen beta (FGB), polymerizes to form an insoluble fibrin matrix. Has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots. In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization. Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However, subsequent studies have shown that it is not absolutely required for thrombus formation in vivo. Enhances expression of SELP in activated platelets via an ITGB3-dependent pathway. Maternal fibrinogen is essential for successful pregnancy. Fibrin deposition is also associated with infection, where it protects against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage. May also facilitate the antibacterial immune response via both innate and T-cell mediated pathways
- Specific Function
- cell adhesion molecule binding
- Gene Name
- FGG
- Uniprot ID
- P02679
- Uniprot Name
- Fibrinogen gamma chain
- Molecular Weight
- 51511.29 Da
References
- Longstaff C, Williams S, Thelwell C: Fibrin binding and the regulation of plasminogen activators during thrombolytic therapy. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2008 Jul;6(3):212-23. [Article]
- Hilleman DE, Tsikouris JP, Seals AA, Marmur JD: Fibrinolytic agents for the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Pharmacotherapy. 2007 Nov;27(11):1558-70. [Article]
- Acheampong P, Ford GA: Pharmacokinetics of alteplase in the treatment of ischaemic stroke. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2012 Feb;8(2):271-81. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2012.652615. Epub 2012 Jan 17. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: ACTIVASE (alteplase) injection for intravenous use [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine protease inhibitor. Inhibits TMPRSS7 (PubMed:15853774). Is a primary inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU). As PLAT inhibitor, it is required for fibrinolysis down-regulation and is responsible for the controlled degradation of blood clots (PubMed:17912461, PubMed:8481516, PubMed:9207454). As PLAU inhibitor, it is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and spreading (PubMed:9175705). Acts as a regulator of cell migration, independently of its role as protease inhibitor (PubMed:15001579, PubMed:9168821). It is required for stimulation of keratinocyte migration during cutaneous injury repair (PubMed:18386027). It is involved in cellular and replicative senescence (PubMed:16862142). Plays a role in alveolar type 2 cells senescence in the lung (By similarity). Is involved in the regulation of cementogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells, and regulates odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation during odontogenesis (PubMed:25808697, PubMed:27046084)
- Specific Function
- protease binding
- Gene Name
- SERPINE1
- Uniprot ID
- P05121
- Uniprot Name
- Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
- Molecular Weight
- 45059.695 Da
References
- Hilleman DE, Tsikouris JP, Seals AA, Marmur JD: Fibrinolytic agents for the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Pharmacotherapy. 2007 Nov;27(11):1558-70. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at October 29, 2024 14:47