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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of N-Acetyl-3-Methylhistidine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126795MetabolicN-Acetyl-3-methylhistidine, an N-acetyl-L-amino acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as histidine and derivatives. … Higher circulating levels of five of these N-acetylated amino acids, namely, N-δ-acetylornithine, N-acetyl-1-methylhistidine, N-acetyl-3-methylhistidine, N-acetylhistidine, and N2,N5-diacetylornithine,
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of N-alpha-Acetyl-L-arginine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125530MetabolicGlutamic acid is carboxylated into 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid by the enzyme Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase. 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid with glutaric acid synthesize Oxoglutaric acid and … Arginnosuccinate is synthesized from citrulline and aspartic acid by the enzyme argininosuccinate synthase. That is catalyzed by argininosuccinate lyase to produce arginine and fumaric acid.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Arginine · Aspartic acid · Ornithine · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate +10 moreEnzymes: Neutral amino acid transporter A, Low affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2Ziconotide NMDA and Substance P Receptor Pain Inhibition Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126347Drug actionTherefore substance P, CGRP, and glutamate are not released into the synapse and cannot activate the substance P receptors, CGRP receptors, or the N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors on the post-synaptic … such as intrathecal morphine and systemic analgesics.
Icosapent Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 anti-inflammatory Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126557Drug actionIcosapent is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)). It is mostly found in fish oils. … This molecule also inhibits the arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families because it inhibits the prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2).
Fish oil Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 anti-inflammatory Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126563Drug actionFish oil is made of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). … These are responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) into prostaglandins and thromboxanes, which are important mediators of inflammation and pain.
Betaine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000123MetabolicIn the liver, betaine functions as a methyl donor similar to choline, folic acid, S-adenosyl methionine and vitamin B12. … Betaine is obtained from diet as betaine or compounds containing choline in foods such as whole grains, beets and spinach. Betaine can also be synthesized from choline in the liver and kidney.
Enzymes: Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1Betaine Drug Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124744MetabolicBetaine is obtained from foods such as wheat, shellfish, spinach, and beets. In the intestine, betaine is metabolized to trimethylamine (TMA) by the gut microbiota (Peptoclostridium acidaminophilum). … The toxicity of betaine is due to the formation of TMA and its metabolism to Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the liver.
Fatty Acid Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000051MetabolicWhen ATP is needed, ATP may be generated by increasing fatty acid metabolism. Fatty acid metabolism is essentially the reverse reaction of fatty acid synthesis. … Fatty acid metabolism is also known as beta-oxidation. During metabolism, acetyl CoA is produced that can then enter the citric acid cycle.
Drugs: Adenosine phosphate · NADH · ATP · Levocarnitine · Magnesium cation · Flavin adenine dinucleotide +2 moreEnzymes: Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1Gadopentetic acid Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126898MetabolicIt is a complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. … Gadopentetic acid is a gadolinium compound used as a contrast agent in MRIs.
Drugs: Gadopentetic acidCitric Acid Cycle
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000057MetabolicThe citric acid cycle is named after citrate or citric acid, a tricarboxylic acid that is both consumed and regenerated through this pathway. … as amino acid synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos).