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Intracellular Signalling Through LHCGR Receptor and Luteinizing Hormone/Choriogonadotropin
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000338SignalingLHCGRs are found in the ovary, testis, and many extragonadal tissues.In the ovary, the LHCG receptor is necessary for follicular maturation and ovulation, as well as luteal function. … In the male the LHCGR has been identified on the Leydig cells that are critical for testosterone production, and support spermatogenesis.
Enzymes: Lutropin subunit beta, cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit betaMetabolism and Physiological Effects of N-alpha-Acetyl-L-arginine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125530MetabolicN-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. … Arginnosuccinate is synthesized from citrulline and aspartic acid by the enzyme argininosuccinate synthase. That is catalyzed by argininosuccinate lyase to produce arginine and fumaric acid.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Arginine · Aspartic acid · Ornithine · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate +10 moreEnzymes: Neutral amino acid transporter A, Low affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2Ziconotide NMDA and Substance P Receptor Pain Inhibition Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126347Drug actionTherefore substance P, CGRP, and glutamate are not released into the synapse and cannot activate the substance P receptors, CGRP receptors, or the N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors on the post-synaptic … Ziconotide is a neurotoxic peptide derived from the cone snail Conus magus comprising 25 amino acids with three disulphide bonds.
Enzymes: Vesicular glutamate transporter 3, Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3Oxidation of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000030MetabolicUnfortunately, traditional fatty acid oxidation does not work for branched-chain fatty acids, or fatty acids that do not have an even number of carbons, like the fatty acid phytanic acid, found in animal … Now lacking a methyl group, this chain can be beta-oxidized. Now moving to the mitochondria, there are four reactions that occur, and are repeated for each molecule of the fatty acid.
Enzymes: Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1Icosapent Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 anti-inflammatory Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126557Drug actionIcosapent is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)). It is mostly found in fish oils. … Furthermore, it influences the function and binds to the Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) and a fatty acid receptor (G-coupled receptor) called GP40.
Mitochondrial Beta-Oxidation of Medium Chain Saturated Fatty Acids
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000481MetabolicBeta-oxidation begins with activation of fatty acids by an acyl-coenzyme A synthetase. … In the second step, enoyl CoA hydratase hydrates the newly formed double bond between C-2 and C-3, producing an L-beta-hydroxyacyl CoA.
Drugs: Adenosine phosphate · NADH · ATP · Magnesium cation · Lauric acid · Flavin adenine dinucleotide +1 moreEnzymes: 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial, Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta, mitochondrialMitochondrial Beta-Oxidation of Long Chain Saturated Fatty Acids
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000482Metabolicbeta-oxidized as medium chain saturated fatty acids. … Fatty acids and their CoA byproducts can be found in many places in the body, playing major roles in many basic functions of the body.
Drugs: Adenosine phosphate · NADH · ATP · Levocarnitine · Magnesium cation · Flavin adenine dinucleotide +2 moreEnzymes: Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrialBeta Oxidation of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000052MetabolicThe reason the beta-oxidation cycle is found to occur in both mitochondria and peroxisomes in mammals is thought to be that extremely long chain fatty acids will in fact undergo oxidation in both locations … The degradation of fatty acids occurs is many ways, but for the most part in most species it occurs mainly through the beta-oxidation cycle.
Enzymes: Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1Fish oil Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 anti-inflammatory Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126563Drug actionEPA, as an omega-3 fatty acid, can competitively inhibit the activity of both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. … It is an essential source of fatty acid (omega-3) indicated primarily as an adjunct to diet to reduce triglyceride levels in adult patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (FDA).
Mitochondrial Beta-Oxidation of Short Chain Saturated Fatty Acids
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000480MetabolicBeta-oxidation begins with fatty acids first being activated by an acyl-coenzyme A synthetase. … Finally, the beta-ketoacyl CoA is cleaved by beta-ketothiolase and a thiol group is inserted between C-2 and C-3 to reduce the acyl-CoA and produce acetyl-CoA.
Enzymes: 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2