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Vitamin A Deficiency
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000336DiseaseA defect in this enzyme results in decrease of levels of retinal and vitamin A in serum; Signs and symptoms include night blindness, poor adaptation to darkness, dry skin and hair. … Beta,beta-carotene 15,15’-monooxygenase catalyzes the chemical reaction where the two substrates are beta-carotene and O2, whereas its product is retinal.
Enzymes: Protein disulfide-isomerase A4, Protein disulfide-isomerase A2Ibuprofen Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000086Drug actionThese enzymes are available as COX1 and COX2, and are encoded by PTGS1 (COX1) and PTGS2 (COX2). … Ibuprofen is a very common NSAID drug used to treat pain and inflammation. This includes headaches, muscle pain and fever. It is sold under the brand name Advil or Motrin.
Enzymes: Protein disulfide-isomerase A4, Protein disulfide-isomerase A2Morphine Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000406Drug actionG(i) also activates potassium channels and inactivates calcium channels causing the neuron to hyperpolarize. … The end result is decreased nerve conduction and reduced neurotransmitter release, which blocks the perception of pain signals.
Enzymes: Protein disulfide-isomerase A4, Protein disulfide-isomerase A2Phenytoin (Antiarrhythmic) Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000327Drug actionThe extra sodium and calcium ions that entered the cell during the action potential are extruded via sodium-potassium ATPases and NCX and intra- and extracellular ion concentrations are restored. … Membrane ion pumps, such as the sodium-potassium ATPase and sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX), maintain low intracellular sodium (5 mM) and calcium (100 nM) concentrations and high intracellular potassium
Enzymes: Protein disulfide-isomerase A4, Protein disulfide-isomerase A2Peginterferon alfa-2a Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125981Drug actionPeginterferon alfa-2a activate interferon alpha receptors 1 and 2 (IFNAR1 and IFNAR2) which are associated with tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) and JAK1 respectively. … They act through IKKa and IKKb to drive NFKB induction of genes associated with survival signals, antigen processing and presentation, and proliferation.
Drugs: Peginterferon alfa-2aEnzymes: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2Peginterferon alfa-2b Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126026Drug actionIts immunomodulatory effects are the enhancement of the phagocytic activity, the activation of NK cells, the stimulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the upregulation of the Th1 T-helper cell subset … It is also used as an adjuvant treatment of melanoma with microscopic or gross nodal involvement within 84 days of definitive surgical resection.
Drugs: Peginterferon alfa-2bEnzymes: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2Interferon beta-1a Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126027Drug actionThey act through IKKa and IKKb to drive NFKB induction of genes associated with survival signals, antigen processing and presentation, and proliferation. … These transphosphorylate themselves and phosphorylate the IFNAR and IFNAR2c. This receptor complex also phosphorylates STAT3 homodimers.
Drugs: Interferon beta-1aEnzymes: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2Triflusal Action Pathway (new)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126547Drug actionDue to the anticoagulant and antiplatelet nature, herbs and supplements with similar activity should be avoided such as garlic, ginger, bilberry, danshen, piracetam and ginkgo biloba. … Triflusal is administered orally and acts as an antithrombotic anticoagulant that irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase-1(COX-1) also known as prostaglandin g/h synthase 1.
Drugs: Adenosine phosphate · ATP · Magnesium cation · Zinc · Cyclic adenosine monophosphate · Mesoheme +2 moreEnzymes: cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10ACardiolipin Biosynthesis CL(10:0/10:0/14:0/21:0)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0175412MetabolicSixth, phosphatidylglycerophosphatase and protein-tyrosine phosphatase dephosphorylates PGP to form phosphatidylglycerol (PG). … Cardiolipin (CL) is an important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid composition.
Drugs: NADH · Cytidine-5'-Triphosphate · sn-glycerol 3-phosphate · Pyrophosphoric acid · Dihydroxyacetone phosphateEnzymes: Phosphatidylglycerophosphatase and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1Cardiolipin Biosynthesis CL(10:0/10:0/17:0/19:0)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0175481MetabolicSixth, phosphatidylglycerophosphatase and protein-tyrosine phosphatase dephosphorylates PGP to form phosphatidylglycerol (PG). … Cardiolipin (CL) is an important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid composition.
Drugs: NADH · Cytidine-5'-Triphosphate · sn-glycerol 3-phosphate · Pyrophosphoric acid · Dihydroxyacetone phosphateEnzymes: Phosphatidylglycerophosphatase and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1