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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124764MetabolicL-arginine is obtained from protein-rich foods like red meat, poultry, dairy and eggs. It is absorbed in the intestine to the blood. … It enters cells in the body and is metabolized to SDMA via the enzyme protein arginine methyltransferase-5 or protein arginine methyltransferase-7.
Enzymes: Y+L amino acid transporter 1Intracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2b and Adenosine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000321SignalingAdenosine is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of asthma. Stimulation of A2B can induce production of interleukin-8 mast cells. The adenosine receptor A2b activates G(s) proteins which lead to the activation of adenylyl cycla...
Drugs: ATP · Adenosine · Magnesium cation · Zinc · Cyclic adenosine monophosphate · Pyrophosphoric acidIntracellular Signalling Through PGD2 receptor and Prostaglandin D2
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000343SignalingPGD is the major prostanoid released from human mast cells upon immunological challenge. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) can trigger asthmatic responses by acting as a cell-derived mediator in mice. The PGD receptor activates G(s) proteins which...
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Para-cresyl glucuronide
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123299MetabolicMost of the p-cresol that is produced from the gut microbes then enters systemic circulation and is converted into P-cresyl sulphate by the liver. … Para-cresyl glucuronide (P-cresyl glucuronide) is a phenolic compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tyrosine and a glucuronidation reaction in liver hepatic cells.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of p-Cresol sulphate
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126850MetabolicUremic toxins include other low-molecular-weight compounds such as indoxyl sulfate, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid, and asymmetric dimethylarginine. … The reversible reaction of l-tyrosine with 2-oxoglutarate in 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and L-glutamate is catalysed by tyrosine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.5.) or by aromatic-amino-acid transaminase (EC 2.6.1.57
Excitatory Neural Signalling Through 5-HTR 4 and Serotonin
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000309SignalingThe 5-HT4 receptor is primarily found in the CNS, GI tract, and PNS. … Atrial heart receptors produce positive inotropy and tachycardia that can precipitate arrhythmias.
Excitatory Neural Signalling Through 5-HTR 7 and Serotonin
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000311SignalingThe 5-HT7 receptor is primarily found in the CNS, GI tract, and blood vessels. It is involved in thermoregulation, circadian rhythm, learning and memory, and sleep.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of N-Formyl-L-Methionine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126765MetabolicIt is a proteinogenic amino acid, a N-formyl amino acid and a L-methionine derivative. It is a conjugate acid of a N-formyl-L-methioninate. … to inhibit and resolve these responses. fMet-containing oligopeptides and proteins also function in other physiological and pathological responses. fMet is a starting residue in the synthesis of proteins
Excitatory Neural Signalling Through 5-HTR 6 and Serotonin
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000312SignalingThe 5-HT6 receptor is primarily expressed in the brain and is involved in glutamatergic and cholinergic neuronal activity.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123192MetabolicThis trimethylamine then enters a liver hepatocyte through portal circulation and gets metabolized by FMO3 to form TMAO. … First choline obtained from choline rich foods such as eggs or meat enter the gut and get metabolized to trimethylamine by gut microbes.