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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Indolelactic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126749MetabolicIndolelactic acid (CAS: 1821-52-9) is a tryptophan metabolite found in human plasma, serum, and urine. … Tryptophan is metabolized by two major pathways in humans, either through kynurenine or via a series of indoles, and some of its metabolites are known to be biologically active.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Vanillic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126881MetabolicVanillic acid is a phenolic acid found in some forms of vanilla and many other plant extracts. It is a flavouring and scent agent that produces a pleasant, creamy odour. … Vanillic acid selectively and specifically inhibits 5'nucleotidase activity. Vanillic acid is a microbial metabolite found in Amycolatopsis, Delftia, and Pseudomonas.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of β-Hydroxybutyric acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126987MetabolicKetone synthesis in the liver produces acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate from two acetyl CoA molecules. Acetyl-CoA is a metabolite derived from glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid catabolism. … This acid is metabolized by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (catalyzes the oxidation of 3-hydroxybutyrate to form acetoacetate, using NAD+ as an electron acceptor).
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of 2-Aminobenzoic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126869DiseaseKynureninase catalyzes the cleavage of L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) and L-3-hydroxykynurenine (L-3OHKyn) into anthranilic acid (AA) (which is also known as 2-Aminobenzoic acid) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3 … In particular, 2-aminobenzoic acid and formic acid can be biosynthesized from formylanthranilic acid through its interaction with the enzyme kynurenine formamidase.
Enzymes: Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT, Neutral amino acid transporter AMetabolism and Physiological Effects of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126879Metabolicat the 2-position. p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is considered to be slightly soluble (in water) and acidic. … p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can be found in numerous foods such as olives, cocoa beans, oats, and mushrooms. p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can be found throughout all human tissues and in all biofluids.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Indole Acetic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123235MetabolicIndole acetic acid is shown to cause inflammation and disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation causing muscle atrophy. … After being transported into gut microbes, tryptophan undergoes a reaction with the enzymes tryptophan monooxygenase and indole-3-acetamide hydrolase to form indole acetic acid.
Drugs: TryptophanEnzymes: Excitatory amino acid transporter 3Metabolism and Physiological Effects of 4-Hydroxyhippuric Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125537Metabolic4-Hydroxyhippuric, also known as 4-hydroxybenzoylglycine or 4-hydroxyhippate acid, is a metabolite of hippuric acid, and a uremic toxin. … Benzoic acid is present in many fruits, such as apricots, prunes, and berries; many vegetables such as mushrooms (fungus), snap peas, cucumbers, and radishes; spices such as cinnamon, cloves, and allspice
Glutaminolysis and Cancer
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0002298DiseaseOnce it reaches malic acid, it is transported outside the mitochondria and transformed into pyruvic acid and lactate. … The oxoglutaric acid can also be transformed into citric acid which then gets turned into acetyl coa and get incorporated into the lipid synthesis
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Pyruvic acid · Biotin · Aspartic acid · L-Glutamine · Succinic acid +9 moreEnzymes: Y+L amino acid transporter 1, Neutral amino acid transporter ANicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000048MetabolicNicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase then transfers an adenylate group to form nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD). … These compounds can be found in the diet, where the mixture of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are called vitamin B3 or niacin.
Fructose and Mannose Degradation
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000064MetabolicFructose causes less of an insulin response compared to glucose and thus may be a preferred sugar for diabetics. … Fructose and mannose are monosaccharides that can be found in many foods. Fructose can join with glucose to form sucrose. Mannose can be converted to glucose. Both may be used as food sweeteners.