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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Choline
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124739MetabolicCholine is obtained from foods like poultry, meat, fish, dairy and eggs. … TMAO has negative effects on organs such as the heart, kidney and vascular system by contributing to cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and kidney disease.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Dimethylglycine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124873MetabolicDimethylglycine (DMG) is an amino acid derivative found in the cells of all plants and animals and can be obtained in the diet in small amounts from grains and meat. … Dimethylglycine enters the bloodstream and can cause toxic effects on the cardiovascular system.
Drugs: Choline · Methionine · NADH · Zinc · N,N-dimethylglycine · Flavin adenine dinucleotide +1 moreMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenylacetylglycine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126858MetabolicPhenylacetylglycine or PAG is a glycine conjugate of phenylacetic acid. Phenylacetic acid may arise from exposure to styrene (plastic) or through the consumption of fruits and vegetables. … Phenylacetic acid is used in some perfumes, possessing a honey-like odour in low concentrations, and is also used in penicillin G production. PAG is a putative biomarker of phospholipidosis.
Drugs: GlycineMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Indoxyl glucuronide
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123239MetabolicIndoxyl glucuronide is an indole compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tryptophan and a glucuronidation reaction in liver hepatic cells.
Metabolsim and Physiological Effects of 4-Ethylphenylsulfate
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125541MetabolicIn the intestine, the 4-Ethylphenol produced from both tyrosine and phenylalanine is metabolized via a sulfotransferase into the uremic toxin 4-Ethylphenylsulfate. 4-ethylphenol sulfate is a uremic toxin … acid.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Phenylalanine · Tyrosine · Iron · Oxogluric acid · Propanoic acid +3 moreEnzymes: Aromatic-amino-acid aminotransferaseMetabolism and Physiological Effects of N-Acetylphenylalanine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126720MetabolicN-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. … The human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G).
Drugs: Phenylalanine2-Hydroxyglutric Aciduria (D and L Form)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000136DiseaseA deficiency in this enzyme results in accumulation of D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid in plasma, spinal fluid, and urine; oxoglutaric acid in urine; and gabba-aminobutyric acid in spinal fluid. … A deficiency in this enzyme results in accumulation of L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid in plasma, spinal fluid, and urine; and L-lysine in plasma and spinal fluid.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Pyruvic acid · Biotin · Aspartic acid · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate +17 moreIntracellular Signalling Through Prostacyclin Receptor and Prostacyclin
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000354SignalingProstacyclin binding to its receptor increases vasodilation and decreases platelet aggregation. … The receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor, upon its binding it activates G proteins causing the activation of adenylyl cyclase and production of cAMP messenger molecules. cAMP activates PKA (protein
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Para-cresol
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123214MetabolicP-cresol can then undergo sulfation or glucuronidation reactions in the liver to produce the uremic toxins p-cresyl sulfate and p-cresyl glucuronide respectively. … Para-cresol(P-cresol) is a phenolic compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from the amino acid tyrosine which is acquired from foods that are high in protein.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of N-Acetylserine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126556MetabolicN-Acetylserine can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. … N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom.