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Arachidonic Acid Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000075MetabolicThis pathway describes the production and subsequent metabolism of arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid. … Some arachidonic acid is converted into midchain HETEs, omega-chain HETEs, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by cytochrome P450 epoxygenase hydroxylase activity
Enzymes: Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomeraseStarch and Sucrose Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000058MetabolicThe action of enterocytes of the small intestine microvilli further break down limit dextrins and disaccharides into monosaccharides: glucose, galactose, and fructose. … It’s formed primarily in liver and muscle tissues, but is also formed at secondary sites such as the central nervous system and the stomach. In both cases it exists as free granules in the cytosol.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · NADH · ATP · Calcium · Magnesium cation · Uridine diphosphate glucose +4 moreCitric Acid Cycle
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000057Metabolicserve as a precursor for aspartate and asparagine; succinyl-CoA can serve as a precursor for porphyrins; and acetyl-CoA can serve as a precursor fatty acids, cholesterol, vitamin D, and various steroid … as amino acid synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos).
Pantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000027MetabolicMost of pantothenic acid is found in food as phosphopentetheine or coenzyme A. Pantothenic acid, pantetheine 4’-phosphate and pantetheine are all found in red blood cells. … It is a precursor of coenzyme A, which is an essential part of many reactions in the body, specifically important in the production of compounds like cholesterol and different fatty acids.
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000456MetabolicThe biosynthesis of fatty acids primarily occurs in liver and lactating mammary glands. … The entire synthesis process which produces palmitic acid occurs on a multifunctional dimeric protein Fatty Acid Synthase (FA) in the cytosol.
Drugs: Biotin · Acetoacetic acid · Butenoic Acid · Malonic acid · (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid · Lauric acid +8 moreEnzymes: Fatty acid synthaseTranexamic Acid Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000287Drug actionThen zooming in even further to the endoplasmic reticulum within the liver, vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide uses vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 to become reduced vitamin K (phylloquinone), and then … Tranexamic acid is a synthetic version of an amino acid found in the body called lysine that plays a role in antifibrinolytic processes. It is used to stop bleeding and hemorrhaging in patients.
Enzymes: Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase, Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1Lysophosphatidic Acid LPA1 Signalling
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0063746SignalingLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a water-soluble phospholipid derivative and a potent signalling molecule that binds to six known lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs), named LPA1-LPA6. … LPC, LPE, LPS) into LPA via autotaxin (ATX/Enpp2) and (2) the conversion of phosphatidic acid (PA) into LPA via phospholipase A1 or A2 (PLA1/PLA2).
Enzymes: Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1Lysophosphatidic Acid LPA3 Signalling
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0063755SignalingLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a water-soluble phospholipid derivative and a potent signalling molecule that binds to six known lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs), named LPA1-LPA6. … LPC, LPE, LPS) into LPA via autotaxin (ATX/Enpp2) and (2) the conversion of phosphatidic acid (PA) into LPA via phospholipase A1 or A2 (PLA1/PLA2).
Enzymes: Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Biosynthesis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125090MetabolicGlutamate is catalyzed in the neuron with the enzyme Glutamate decarboxylase-1 to synthesize GABA and a byproduct of carbon dioxide. … GABA is transported into a synaptic vesicle by Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter. The vesicle is activated by calcium entering the presynapse as well as cAMP.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Glutamic acid · ATP · Calcium · Magnesium cation · Cyclic adenosine monophosphate +2 moreEnzymes: Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Tolfenamic acid Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126549Drug actionThe inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2 by tolfenamic acid reduces the formation of prostaglandin H2 and therefore, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). … Tolfenamic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) used to treat pain associated with the acute attack of migraine in adults.