General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels.

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Krasowski MD, Harrison NL

General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels.

Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303.

PubMed ID

10487207 [ View in PubMed

]

Abstract

The molecular mechanisms of general anaesthetics have remained largely obscure since their introduction into clinical practice just over 150 years ago. This review describes the actions of general anaesthetics on mammalian neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. As a result of research during the last several decades, ligand-gated ion channels have emerged as promising molecular targets for the central nervous system effects of general anaesthetics. The last 10 years have witnessed an explosion of studies of anaesthetic modulation of recombinant ligand-gated ion channels, including recent studies which utilize chimeric and mutated receptors to identify regions of ligand-gated ion channels important for the actions of general anaesthetics. Exciting future directions include structural biology and gene-targeting approaches to further the understanding of general anaesthetic molecular mechanisms.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drug Targets

Drug	Target	Kind	Organism	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Amobarbital	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Amobarbital	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Amobarbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Amobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Amobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Aprobarbital	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Aprobarbital	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Aprobarbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Aprobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Aprobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Barbital	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Barbital	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Barbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Barbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Barbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butabarbital	Glutamate receptor 1	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butabarbital	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butabarbital	Glutamate receptor 3	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butabarbital	Glutamate receptor 4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butabarbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butabarbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butabarbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butabarbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butabarbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butabarbital	Neuronal Acetylcholine (nACh) Receptor Subunits (Protein Group)	Protein group	Humans	Unknown	Inhibitor	Details
Butalbital	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Butalbital	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butalbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butalbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butalbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butobarbital	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Butobarbital	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butobarbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Butobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Dihydro-2-thioxo-5-((5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-furanyl)methyl)-4,6(1H,5H)-pyrimidinedione	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Dihydro-2-thioxo-5-((5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-furanyl)methyl)-4,6(1H,5H)-pyrimidinedione	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Dihydro-2-thioxo-5-((5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-furanyl)methyl)-4,6(1H,5H)-pyrimidinedione	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Dihydro-2-thioxo-5-((5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-furanyl)methyl)-4,6(1H,5H)-pyrimidinedione	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Dihydro-2-thioxo-5-((5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-furanyl)methyl)-4,6(1H,5H)-pyrimidinedione	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Heptabarbital	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Heptabarbital	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Heptabarbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Heptabarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Heptabarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Hexobarbital	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Hexobarbital	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Hexobarbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Hexobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Hexobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Metharbital	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Metharbital	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Metharbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Metharbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Metharbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Methylphenobarbital	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Methylphenobarbital	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Methylphenobarbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Methylphenobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Methylphenobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Pentobarbital	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Pentobarbital	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Pentobarbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Pentobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Pentobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Phenobarbital	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Phenobarbital	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Phenobarbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Phenobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Phenobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Primidone	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Primidone	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Primidone	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Primidone	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Primidone	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Quinidine barbiturate	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Quinidine barbiturate	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Secobarbital	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Secobarbital	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Secobarbital	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Secobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Secobarbital	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Talbutal	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Talbutal	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Talbutal	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Talbutal	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Talbutal	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Thiamylal	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Agonist	Details
Thiopental	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	Humans	Yes	Potentiator	Details
Thiopental	Glutamate receptor 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Thiopental	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Thiopental	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details
Thiopental	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Antagonist	Details