Exenatide

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Identification

Summary

Exenatide is a GLP-1 agonist used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Brand Names

Bydureon, Byetta

Generic Name

Exenatide

DrugBank Accession Number

DB01276

Background

Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog⁸. It activates the GLP-1 receptor and increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying to improve glycemic control⁸. Exenatide was given FDA approval on April 28, 2005⁴. It is available as immediate- and extended-release formulations.^7,8 Bydureon, the brand name product of extended-release exenatide in an injectable suspension, was discontinued in 2021. Bydureon BCise, an auto-injector extended-release formulation, remains available.⁹

Type

Biotech

Groups

Approved, Investigational

Biologic Classification

Protein Based Therapies
Hormones

Protein Structure

Protein Chemical Formula: C₁₈₄H₂₈₂N₅₀O₆₀S
Protein Average Weight: 4186.6 Da

Sequences

>Exenatide
HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS

Download FASTA Format

Synonyms

Exenatida
Exenatide
Exenatide synthetic
Exendin 4
Exendin-4
Synthetic exendin-4

External IDs

AC 2993
AC-002993
AC-2993
AC-2993A
AC-2993LAR
AC002993
AC2993
AC2993A
DA-3091
ITCA-650
LY-2148568
LY2148568

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Pharmacology

Indication

Exenatide is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. An extended-release formulation is available which is indicated in patients ≥10 years old,¹⁰ while the immediate-acting formulation is approved only for adult patients.⁸

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Associated Conditions

Indication Type	Indication	Combined Product Details	Approval Level	Age Group	Patient Characteristics	Dose Form
Adjunct therapy in management of	Type 2 diabetes mellitus		••••••••••••			•••••••••• ••••••••••• •••••••• •••••••
Adjunct therapy in management of	Type 2 diabetes mellitus		••••••••••••	•••••		•••••••••

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

When patients take exenatide the body's natural response to glucose is modulated^Label. More insulin and less glucagon are released in response to glucose, though in cases of hypoglycemia a normal amount of glucagon is released^Label. Exenatide also slows gastric emptying, leading to a slower and prolonged release of glucose into the systemic circulation^Label. Together these effects prevent hyper and hypoglycemia^Label.

Mechanism of action

Exenatide is a human glucacon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) receptor agonist^Label. By activating this receptor, insulin secretion is increased and glucagon secretion is decreased in a glucose dependant manner^Label. Exenatide also slows gastric emptying and decreases food intake^Label. These effects work synergistically to improve glycemic control by reducing the likelihood of hyper and hypoglycemia^Label.

Target	Actions	Organism
AGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	agonist	Humans

Absorption

Exenatide reaches a peak plasma concentration in 2.1 hours^Label. Because exenatide is administerd subcutaneously, the bioavailability is 1¹.

Volume of distribution

28.3L^Label.

Protein binding

Protein binding of exenatide has not been determined⁵.

Metabolism

Exenatide is filtered through the glomerulus before being degraded to smaller peptides and amino acids by dipeptidyl peptidase-4, metalloproteases, endopeptidase 24-11, amino proteases, and serine proteases^Label,3. It is currently believed that the metalloproteases are responsible for most of the degradation of exenatide³. Exenatide is metabolised to small peptides <3 amino acids in length by enzymes in the kidney².

Route of elimination

Exenatide is mainly eliminated by glomerular filtration followed by proteolysis before finally being eliminated in the urine^Label,2.

Half-life

2.4 hours^Label

Clearance

9.1 L/hour^Label.

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

In animal studies, exenatide was associated with fetal deformities of ribs and vertebrae as well as slowed growth^Label. In humans, uncontrolled hyperglycemia can be associated with an up to 25% risk of miscarriage^Label. No human studies in pregnancy have been performed with exenatide and so exenatide should only be prescribed in pregnancy if the benefit to the mother and fetus outweigh the risks^Label. In mice, exenatide is excreted in the milk at a concentration 2.5% of the plasma concentration though this data may not be applicable to humans^Label. The effect of exenatide on breastfed infants is also unknown and so the risk and benefit of breastfeeding while taking exenatide must be weighed^Label. There is no data for the use of exenatide in pediatric patients^Label. Geriatric patients do not have different results for safety and efficacy of exenatide though caution should still be used in this group as they are at higher risk of renal impairment or other comorbidities that may affect the liklihood of adverse effects^Label. No dosage adjustments are necessary for patients with creatinine clearance ≥50mL/min, though prescribing to patients with creatinine clearance 30-50mL/min should be done cautiously^Label. Exenatide is not recommended for patients with creatinine clearance <30mL/min^Label. Hepatic impairment is not expected to affect clearance of exenatide though no studies have been performed to confirm this^Label.

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Drug	Interaction
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Acarbose	The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Acarbose is combined with Exenatide.
Acebutolol	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Acebutolol.
Acenocoumarol	Exenatide can cause an increase in the absorption of Acenocoumarol resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects.
Acetazolamide	The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Acetazolamide.
Acetohexamide	Exenatide may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Acetohexamide.

Food Interactions

Take before a meal. Inject subcutaneously within 60 minutes before morning and evening meals.

Products

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Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Bydureon	Injection, powder, for suspension, extended release	2 mg	Subcutaneous	Astrazeneca Ab	2016-09-08	Not applicable
Bydureon	Kit	2 mg/0.65mL	Subcutaneous	Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Llc.	2012-01-27	2018-01-31
Bydureon	Injection, powder, for suspension, extended release	2 mg	Subcutaneous	Astrazeneca Ab	2016-09-08	Not applicable
Bydureon	Injection, powder, for suspension, extended release; Kit	2 mg / dose	Subcutaneous	Astrazeneca Ab	2016-02-16	2022-04-01
Bydureon	Injection	2 mg	Subcutaneous	Astrazeneca Ab	2020-12-21	Not applicable

Chemical Identifiers

UNII: 9P1872D4OL
CAS number: 141758-74-9

References

Synthesis Reference

Matthieu Giraud, Anne-Sophie Droz, Stephane Varray, El Djouhar Rekai, Marie-Helene Brichard, Daniel Latassa, Christine Devijver, Pascal Gilles, Jeanne-Marie Cauvin, Fernando Albericio, Marta Paradis Bas, "PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EXENATIDE AND OF AN EXENATIDE ANALOGUE." U.S. Patent US20110046349, issued February 24, 2011.

US20110046349

General References

Gao W, Jusko WJ: Target-mediated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model of exendin-4 in rats, monkeys, and humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2012 May;40(5):990-7. doi: 10.1124/dmd.111.042291. Epub 2012 Feb 15. [Article]
Copley K, McCowen K, Hiles R, Nielsen LL, Young A, Parkes DG: Investigation of exenatide elimination and its in vivo and in vitro degradation. Curr Drug Metab. 2006 May;7(4):367-74. [Article]
Liao S, Liang Y, Zhang Z, Li J, Wang J, Wang X, Dou G, Zhang Z, Liu K: In vitro metabolic stability of exendin-4: pharmacokinetics and identification of cleavage products. PLoS One. 2015 Feb 27;10(2):e0116805. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116805. eCollection 2015. [Article]
FDA Drug Approval Package: Exenatide [Link]
FDA Pharmacology Review: Exenatide [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Bydureon (exenatide extended-release) suspension for subcutaneous injection [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Bydureon BCise (exenatide extended-release) suspension for subcutaneous injection [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Byetta (exenatide) for subcutaneous injection [Link]
OptumRx: Bydureon (exenatide) Pen – Product discontinuation [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: BYDUREON (exenatide) extended-release injectable suspension for subcutaneous use (December 2022) [Link]

External Links

KEGG Drug: D04121
PubChem Substance: 46509017
RxNav: 60548
ChEMBL: CHEMBL414357
Therapeutic Targets Database: DAP001038
PharmGKB: PA164749238
RxList: RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com: Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia: Exenatide

FDA label

Download (1.34 MB)

MSDS

Download (22.2 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count	Start Date	Why Stopped	100+ additional columns
Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample data
Not Available	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Brain Injury / Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) / Kidney Failure / Shock, Cardiogenic / Stroke / Valve Disease, Aortic	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Diabetes Mellitus / Obesity / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Diabetic Nephropathy / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Healthy Subjects (Treated With no Diabetes Therapies) / Type 2 Diabetes (Treated With Exenatide or Other Oral Antidiabetic Therapies)	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	11	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Amylin Pharmaceuticals
Baxter International Inc.
CP Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Eli Lilly & Co.
Physicians Total Care Inc.

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Solution	Parenteral	250.000 mcg
Injection	Subcutaneous	2 mg
Injection, powder, for suspension, extended release; kit	Subcutaneous	2 mg / dose
Injection, powder, for suspension; kit	Subcutaneous	2 mg/0.65mL
Injection, suspension	Parenteral; Subcutaneous	2 MG
Injection, suspension	Subcutaneous	2 MG
Injection, suspension, extended release	Subcutaneous	2 mg/0.65mL
Kit	Subcutaneous	2 mg/0.65mL
Suspension	Subcutaneous
Powder	Subcutaneous	2 mg
Injection, suspension, extended release	Subcutaneous	2 mg/0.85mL
Suspension, extended release	Subcutaneous	2 mg / dose
Injection, powder, for suspension, extended release	Subcutaneous	2 mg
Suspension	Subcutaneous	2 mg
Injection, powder, for suspension	Subcutaneous	2 mg
Injection	Subcutaneous
Injection	Subcutaneous	250 ug/1mL
Injection, solution	Parenteral; Subcutaneous	10 MICROGRAMMI
Injection, solution	Parenteral; Subcutaneous	5 MICROGRAMMI
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	10 micrograms
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	5 micrograms
Solution	Subcutaneous	10 mcg / act
Solution	Subcutaneous	5 mcg / act
Solution	Subcutaneous	10 μg/40μL
Solution	Subcutaneous	5 μg/20μL
Injection, powder, for solution
Solution	Subcutaneous	250 mcg
Powder		1 g/1g

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Byetta 10 MCG Pen 10 mcg/0.04ml Solution 2.4ml Pen	324.23USD	pen
Byetta 5 mcg dose pen inj	316.76USD	ml
Byetta 5 MCG Pen 5 mcg/0.02ml Solution 1.2ml Pen	276.57USD	pen

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
US8216180	Yes	2012-07-10	2028-07-12
US8439864	Yes	2013-05-14	2028-09-25
US6667061	Yes	2003-12-23	2020-11-25
US6495164	No	2002-12-17	2020-05-25
US5424286	No	1995-06-13	2016-12-01
US6858576	No	2005-02-22	2017-01-06
US6872700	No	2005-03-29	2020-01-14
US6956026	No	2005-10-18	2018-01-07
US7741269	No	2010-06-22	2018-01-07
US7297761	No	2007-11-20	2017-10-15
US7521423	No	2009-04-21	2017-10-15
US6902744	No	2005-06-07	2020-01-14
US9238076	Yes	2016-01-19	2024-10-15
US8906851	Yes	2014-12-09	2027-02-18
US7612176	Yes	2009-11-03	2025-10-13
US8431685	Yes	2013-04-30	2025-10-13
US8461105	Yes	2013-06-11	2025-10-13
US8329648	Yes	2012-12-11	2027-02-18
US7456254	Yes	2008-11-25	2025-12-30
US7563871	Yes	2009-07-21	2024-10-15
US6824822	Yes	2004-11-30	2023-04-09
US6479065	No	2002-11-12	2020-08-10
US7223440	Yes	2007-05-29	2022-03-03
US8685934	Yes	2014-04-01	2030-11-26
US8501698	Yes	2013-08-06	2027-12-20
US6414126	No	2002-07-02	2020-10-04
US6515117	Yes	2003-02-04	2026-04-04
US6936590	No	2005-08-30	2020-10-04
US9198925	No	2015-12-01	2020-10-04
US7919598	Yes	2011-04-05	2030-06-16
US8361972	Yes	2013-01-29	2028-09-21
US8716251	Yes	2014-05-06	2028-09-21
US7851502	Yes	2010-12-14	2029-02-19
US8221786	Yes	2012-07-17	2028-09-21
US9320853	Yes	2016-04-26	2028-09-25
US8827963	Yes	2014-09-09	2029-08-04
US8712615	No	2014-04-29	2030-01-18
US8998876	Yes	2015-04-07	2030-07-07
US8758292	Yes	2014-06-24	2028-05-12
US8690837	Yes	2014-04-08	2029-11-19
US8895033	Yes	2014-11-25	2031-04-04
US8721615	Yes	2014-05-13	2030-07-18
US9884092	Yes	2018-02-06	2027-02-18

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
isoelectric point	4.86	https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/492409

Targets

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Details1. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Agonist

General Function: G-protein coupled receptor for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (PubMed:19861722, PubMed:26308095, PubMed:27196125, PubMed:28514449, PubMed:7517895, PubMed:8216285, PubMed:8405712). Ligand binding triggers activation of a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of adenylyl cyclase and increased intracellular cAMP levels (PubMed:19861722, PubMed:26308095, PubMed:27196125, PubMed:28514449, PubMed:7517895, PubMed:8216285, PubMed:8405712). Plays a role in regulating insulin secretion in response to GLP-1 (By similarity)
Specific Function: glucagon receptor activity
Gene Name: GLP1R
Uniprot ID: P43220
Uniprot Name: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
Molecular Weight: 53025.22 Da

References

Briones M, Bajaj M: Exenatide: a GLP-1 receptor agonist as novel therapy for Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Jun;7(8):1055-64. [Article]
Hargrove DM, Kendall ES, Reynolds JM, Lwin AN, Herich JP, Smith PA, Gedulin BR, Flanagan SD, Jodka CM, Hoyt JA, McCowen KM, Parkes DG, Anderson CM: Biological activity of AC3174, a peptide analog of exendin-4. Regul Pept. 2007 Jun 7;141(1-3):113-9. Epub 2007 Jan 11. [Article]
Wajchenberg BL: beta-cell failure in diabetes and preservation by clinical treatment. Endocr Rev. 2007 Apr;28(2):187-218. Epub 2007 Mar 12. [Article]
Mack CM, Moore CX, Jodka CM, Bhavsar S, Wilson JK, Hoyt JA, Roan JL, Vu C, Laugero KD, Parkes DG, Young AA: Antiobesity action of peripheral exenatide (exendin-4) in rodents: effects on food intake, body weight, metabolic status and side-effect measures. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006 Sep;30(9):1332-40. Epub 2006 Mar 14. [Article]
Geelhoed-Duijvestijn PH: Incretins: a new treatment option for type 2 diabetes? Neth J Med. 2007 Feb;65(2):60-4. [Article]
Mann RJ, Nasr NE, Sinfield JK, Paci E, Donnelly D: The major determinant of exendin-4/glucagon-like peptide 1 differential affinity at the rat glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor N-terminal domain is a hydrogen bond from SER-32 of exendin-4. Br J Pharmacol. 2010 Aug;160(8):1973-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00834.x. [Article]
Degn KB, Brock B, Juhl CB, Djurhuus CB, Grubert J, Kim D, Han J, Taylor K, Fineman M, Schmitz O: Effect of intravenous infusion of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) on glucose-dependent insulin secretion and counterregulation during hypoglycemia. Diabetes. 2004 Sep;53(9):2397-403. [Article]
Diamant M, Bunck MC, Heine RJ: [Analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1): an old concept as a new treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2004 Sep 25;148(39):1912-7. [Article]
Kolterman OG, Kim DD, Shen L, Ruggles JA, Nielsen LL, Fineman MS, Baron AD: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005 Jan 15;62(2):173-81. [Article]
Barnett AH: Exenatide. Drugs Today (Barc). 2005 Sep;41(9):563-78. [Article]
Lebovitz HE: Therapeutic options in development for management of diabetes: pharmacologic agents and new technologies. Endocr Pract. 2006 Jan-Feb;12 Suppl 1:142-7. [Article]
Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Xue X, Ren Z, Zhang A, Yang Q, Zhang W, Liu F: Efficacy and safety of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists compared with exenatide and liraglutide in type 2 diabetes: a systemic review of randomised controlled trials. Int J Clin Pract. 2016 Aug;70(8):649-56. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.12847. Epub 2016 Jul 25. [Article]
Nadkarni P, Chepurny OG, Holz GG: Regulation of glucose homeostasis by GLP-1. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2014;121:23-65. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800101-1.00002-8. [Article]
Lorenz M, Lawson F, Owens D, Raccah D, Roy-Duval C, Lehmann A, Perfetti R, Blonde L: Differential effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on heart rate. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2017 Jan 13;16(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0490-6. [Article]
Htike ZZ, Zaccardi F, Papamargaritis D, Webb DR, Khunti K, Davies MJ: Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and mixed-treatment comparison analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017 Apr;19(4):524-536. doi: 10.1111/dom.12849. Epub 2017 Feb 17. [Article]
Prasad-Reddy L, Isaacs D: A clinical review of GLP-1 receptor agonists: efficacy and safety in diabetes and beyond. Drugs Context. 2015 Jul 9;4:212283. doi: 10.7573/dic.212283. eCollection 2015. [Article]
Gallwitz B: Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Diabetes. Endocr Dev. 2016;31:43-56. doi: 10.1159/000439372. Epub 2016 Jan 19. [Article]

Enzymes

Details1. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Cell surface glycoprotein receptor involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation (PubMed:10900005, PubMed:10951221, PubMed:11772392, PubMed:17287217). Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation, by binding at least ADA, CAV1, IGF2R, and PTPRC (PubMed:10900005, PubMed:10951221, PubMed:11772392, PubMed:14691230). Its binding to CAV1 and CARD11 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependent manner (PubMed:17287217). Its interaction with ADA also regulates lymphocyte-epithelial cell adhesion (PubMed:11772392). In association with FAP is involved in the pericellular proteolysis of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the migration and invasion of endothelial cells into the ECM (PubMed:10593948, PubMed:16651416). May be involved in the promotion of lymphatic endothelial cells adhesion, migration and tube formation (PubMed:18708048). When overexpressed, enhanced cell proliferation, a process inhibited by GPC3 (PubMed:17549790). Acts also as a serine exopeptidase with a dipeptidyl peptidase activity that regulates various physiological processes by cleaving peptides in the circulation, including many chemokines, mitogenic growth factors, neuropeptides and peptide hormones such as brain natriuretic peptide 32 (PubMed:10570924, PubMed:16254193). Removes N-terminal dipeptides sequentially from polypeptides having unsubstituted N-termini provided that the penultimate residue is proline (PubMed:10593948)
Specific Function: aminopeptidase activity
Gene Name: DPP4
Uniprot ID: P27487
Uniprot Name: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4
Molecular Weight: 88277.935 Da

References

Liao S, Liang Y, Zhang Z, Li J, Wang J, Wang X, Dou G, Zhang Z, Liu K: In vitro metabolic stability of exendin-4: pharmacokinetics and identification of cleavage products. PLoS One. 2015 Feb 27;10(2):e0116805. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116805. eCollection 2015. [Article]

Carriers

Details1. Albumin

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Binds water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs (Probable). Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood (Probable). Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc (PubMed:19021548). Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity). Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity). Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli (PubMed:6234017). Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin (PubMed:6234017)
Specific Function: antioxidant activity
Gene Name: ALB
Uniprot ID: P02768
Uniprot Name: Albumin
Molecular Weight: 69365.94 Da

References

Chae SY, Jin CH, Shin JH, Son S, Kim TH, Lee S, Youn YS, Byun Y, Lee MS, Lee KC: Biochemical, pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties of long-acting lithocholic acid derivatized exendin-4 analogs. J Control Release. 2010 Mar 3;142(2):206-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.10.025. Epub 2009 Nov 10. [Article]

Drug created at May 16, 2007 20:43 / Updated at February 10, 2023 08:55

Exenatide

Identification

Pharmacology

Interactions

Products

Categories

Chemical Identifiers

References

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package

Pharmacoeconomics

Properties

Targets

References

Enzymes

References

Carriers

References