Lactose
Star3
Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Summary
Lactose is an additive and filler found in various products to maintain structure and consistency.
- Generic Name
- Lactose
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB04465
- Background
A disaccharide of glucose and galactose in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Experimental, Investigational
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 342.2965
Monoisotopic: 342.116211546 - Chemical Formula
- C12H22O11
- Synonyms
- Not Available
Pharmacology
- Indication
Not Available
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to manage Asthma Combination Product in combination with: Fluticasone propionate (DB00588), Salmeterol (DB00938) •••••••••••• •••••••••••••• •••••• •••••• Used in combination to manage Asthma Combination Product in combination with: Fluticasone propionate (DB00588), Salmeterol (DB00938) •••••••••••• •••••••••• •••••••••• •••• •• ••••••• •••••••••••••• ••• • ••••••••••• •••••• ••••••• •••••• Used in combination to manage Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) Combination Product in combination with: Fluticasone propionate (DB00588), Salmeterol (DB00938) •••••••••••• •••••• Used in combination to treat Hypothyroidism Combination Product in combination with: Levothyroxine (DB00451) ••• ••• •••••• Used in combination for therapy Opioid dependence Combination Product in combination with: Microcrystalline cellulose (DB14158), Methadone (DB00333), Silicon dioxide (DB11132), Magnesium stearate (DB14077) •••••••••••• •••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Target Actions Organism UGalectin-3 Not Available Humans USialidase Not Available Micromonospora viridifaciens UBeta-galactosidase Not Available Humans UBeta-galactosidase Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UPutative glycosyltransferase 6 domain-containing protein 1 Not Available Humans UGlycolipid transfer protein Not Available Humans UBeta-xylanase Not Available Streptomyces olivaceoviridis UEndo-1,4-beta-xylanase A Not Available Streptomyces lividans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
Pathway Category Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation CDG-IId Disease Galactosemia Disease GLUT-1 Deficiency Syndrome Disease Galactose Metabolism Metabolic Lactose Synthesis Metabolic Lactose Degradation Metabolic Lactose Intolerance Disease - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Lac-tol Pwr 50gm/pck Powder 50 g / pck Oral Endovations Inc. 1988-12-31 1997-07-15 Canada Lactol Suspension 50 g / dose Oral Ballard Medical Products 1997-03-01 2002-07-22 Canada - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image SYNTHROID® 112 MCG TABLETAS Lactose (62.87 mg) + Levothyroxine sodium (112 cg) Tablet Oral ABBOTT LABORATORIES DE COLOMBIA S.A.S. 2006-11-10 Not applicable Colombia
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic oxygen compounds
- Class
- Organooxygen compounds
- Sub Class
- Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
- Direct Parent
- O-glycosyl compounds
- Alternative Parents
- Disaccharides / Oxanes / Secondary alcohols / Hemiacetals / Polyols / Oxacyclic compounds / Acetals / Primary alcohols / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- Acetal / Alcohol / Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound / Disaccharide / Hemiacetal / Hydrocarbon derivative / O-glycosyl compound / Organoheterocyclic compound / Oxacycle / Oxane
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- glycosylglucose (CHEBI:17716) / Disaccharides (C00243)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 3SY5LH9PMK
- CAS number
- 63-42-3
- InChI Key
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,10-,11?,12+/m1/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol
- SMILES
- OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
References
- Synthesis Reference
James P. Danehy, "Synthesis of ascorbic acid from lactose." U.S. Patent US4259443, issued December, 1956.
US4259443- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Active Not Recruiting Treatment Hypertension 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Normal Volunteers 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Basic Science Healthy Volunteers (HV) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Basic Science Osteoarthritis (OA) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Basic Science Urethral Sphincter Activity 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Forest Pharmaceuticals
- Schwarz Pharma Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Powder Oral 50 g / pck Suspension Oral 50 g / dose Powder Respiratory (inhalation) Tablet Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 201-202 °C PhysProp water solubility 1.95E+005 mg/L (at 20 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 586.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -3 ALOGPS logP -4.7 Chemaxon logS 0.23 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 11.25 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -3 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 11 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 8 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 189.53 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 4 Chemaxon Refractivity 68.34 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 31.32 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 0 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.8748 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.6207 Caco-2 permeable - 0.8836 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.5394 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.7589 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9142 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8144 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8451 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8853 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.658 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.961 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9376 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9399 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9083 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9645 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8898 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8628 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9551 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.6632 Rat acute toxicity 1.0242 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9517 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8283
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-01r5-0907000000-834cb065654acb2a5261 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-000f-2297000000-fe8f810a75c74c67fc24 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-02bg-2946000000-d2b885f3222fd86eccc8 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0ufu-4193000000-c5a67afae49d3c7e28f4 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0hti-9781000000-46fe030a29e7dd0e6297 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4i-9200000000-b450e922ea07c4fa67b4 Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 159.08488 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 160.83846 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 166.89494 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
1. DetailsGalectin-3
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Galactose-specific lectin which binds IgE. May mediate with the alpha-3, beta-1 integrin the stimulation by CSPG4 of endothelial cells migration. Together with DMBT1, required for terminal differentiation of columnar epithelial cells during early embryogenesis (By similarity). In the nucleus: acts as a pre-mRNA splicing factor. Involved in acute inflammatory responses including neutrophil activation and adhesion, chemoattraction of monocytes macrophages, opsonization of apoptotic neutrophils, and activation of mast cells. Together with TRIM16, coordinates the recognition of membrane damage with mobilization of the core autophagy regulators ATG16L1 and BECN1 in response to damaged endomembranes
- Specific Function
- carbohydrate binding
- Gene Name
- LGALS3
- Uniprot ID
- P17931
- Uniprot Name
- Galectin-3
- Molecular Weight
- 26152.165 Da
References
- Seidel RD 3rd, Zhuang T, Prestegard JH: Bound-state residual dipolar couplings for rapidly exchanging ligands of His-tagged proteins. J Am Chem Soc. 2007 Apr 18;129(15):4834-9. Epub 2007 Mar 27. [Article]
2. DetailsSialidase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Micromonospora viridifaciens
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- To release sialic acids for use as carbon and energy sources for this non-pathogenic bacterium while in pathogenic microorganisms, sialidases have been suggested to be pathogenic factors.
- Specific Function
- exo-alpha-(2->3)-sialidase activity
- Gene Name
- nedA
- Uniprot ID
- Q02834
- Uniprot Name
- Sialidase
- Molecular Weight
- 68829.78 Da
References
- Newstead SL, Watson JN, Bennet AJ, Taylor G: Galactose recognition by the carbohydrate-binding module of a bacterial sialidase. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2005 Nov;61(Pt 11):1483-91. doi: 10.1107/S0907444905026132. Epub 2005 Oct 19. [Article]
3. DetailsBeta-galactosidase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Cleaves beta-linked terminal galactosyl residues from gangliosides, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans
- Specific Function
- beta-galactosidase activity
- Gene Name
- GLB1
- Uniprot ID
- P16278
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-galactosidase
- Molecular Weight
- 76074.22 Da
4. DetailsBeta-galactosidase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- alkali metal ion binding
- Gene Name
- lacZ
- Uniprot ID
- P00722
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-galactosidase
- Molecular Weight
- 116482.045 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- glycosyltransferase activity
- Gene Name
- GLT6D1
- Uniprot ID
- Q7Z4J2
- Uniprot Name
- Putative glycosyltransferase 6 domain-containing protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 32607.375 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
6. DetailsGlycolipid transfer protein
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Accelerates the intermembrane transfer of various glycolipids. Catalyzes the transfer of various glycosphingolipids between membranes but does not catalyze the transfer of phospholipids. May be involved in the intracellular translocation of glucosylceramides
- Specific Function
- ceramide 1-phosphate binding
- Gene Name
- GLTP
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NZD2
- Uniprot Name
- Glycolipid transfer protein
- Molecular Weight
- 23849.6 Da
7. DetailsBeta-xylanase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Streptomyces olivaceoviridis
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- Q7SI98
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-xylanase
- Molecular Weight
- 46749.175 Da
8. DetailsEndo-1,4-beta-xylanase A
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Streptomyces lividans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Contributes to hydrolyze hemicellulose, the major component of plant cell-walls. XLNA and XLNB seem to act sequentially on the substrate to yield xylobiose and xylose as carbon sources.
- Specific Function
- carbohydrate binding
- Gene Name
- xlnA
- Uniprot ID
- P26514
- Uniprot Name
- Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase A
- Molecular Weight
- 51162.3 Da
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at April 30, 2021 13:05