Identification
- Summary
Benzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent used for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris and rosacea.
- Brand Names
- Acanya, Aktipak, Benzac, Benzaclin, Benzamycin, Benzefoam, Benzepro, Cabtreo, Clean and Clear, Clean and Clear Advantage Mark Treatment, Clearasil, Clindoxyl, Duac, Epiduo, Epsolay, Neobenz Micro Wash, Neuac, Onexton, Oxy Daily Wash, Panoxyl, Persa-gel, Relovox, Riax, SkinMedica Acne Treatment, Tactupump, Twyneo, Vanoxide-HC
- Generic Name
- Benzoyl peroxide
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB09096
- Background
Benzoyl peroxide is a commonly used drug in topical treatments for acne.7,9,10,11,12 It has been formulated as products with either a single active ingredient,7,11 or with erythromycin,9 clindamycin,10 or adapalene.12 After administration, the peroxide bond is cleaved, allowing benzoyloxy radicals to nonspecifically interact with proteins.1,2 This treatment decreases keratin and sebum around follicles, as well as increasing turnover of epithelial cells.3,4,5
Benzoyl peroxide, in combination with erythromycin, was granted FDA approval on 26 October 1984.9
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Benzoyl peroxide (DB09096)
- Weight
- Average: 242.2268
Monoisotopic: 242.057908808 - Chemical Formula
- C14H10O4
- Synonyms
- Benzoyl benzenecarboperoxoate
- Benzoyl peroxide
- Bepio
- Peróxido de benzoilo
- External IDs
- NSC-671
- NSC-675
Pharmacology
- Indication
Benzoyl peroxide is formulated with antibiotics such as erythromycin9 and clindamycin10 for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Benzoyl peroxide is formulated as a number of topical products for the treatment of acne.7,11 Benzoyl peroxide is also indicated in combination with tretinoin for the treatment of acne vulgaris in patients aged nine years and older.13 A triple-combination therapy including both clindamycin and adapalene is also available and indicated for the treatment of acne vulgaris in patients ≥12 years of age.14
Topical benzoyl peroxide is also indicated for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of rosacea in adults.14
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- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Benzoyl peroxide is a topical treatment for acne that generates free radicals to break down comedones and increase the rate of epithelial cell turnover.1,3,4,5,9,10,11,12 It has a short duration of action as its active free radical metabolites quickly react to form inactive metabolites.1 The therapeutic index is wide, as overdoses are rare, however patients may still experience skin peeling.9,10,11,12 Patients should be counselled regarding increased risks of skin irritation, dryness, and sunburn.9,10,11,12
- Mechanism of action
Acne vulgaris is caused by inflammation in the pilosebaceous gland.4 Acne is generally caused by increased excretion of sebum from pilosebaceous glands, endocrine factors such as androgenic hormones, keratin developing around follicles, bacterial growth, and inflammation.4 These factors contribute to the formation of comedones (whiteheads and blackheads).4
The peroxide bond of benzoyl peroxide is cleaved to form 2 benzoyloxy radicals.1 These radicals interact nonspecifically with bacterial proteins, interfering with their function, and survival of the bacteria.2 Over time, free radical interactions with bacterial proteins lead to decreased keratin and sebum around follicles.3,4
Benzoyl peroxide can also increase the turnover rate of epithelial cells, leading to skin peeling, and breaking down comedones.5
Target Actions Organism UCatalase inhibitorHumans UGlutathione peroxidase inhibitorUArginine decarboxylase activatorHumans UProtein kinase C inhibitorHumans USuperoxide Dismutases inhibitorHumans - Absorption
In a sample of excised skin, 1.9% of a radiolabelled topical dose fully penetrates the skin, and 2.6% remains in the skin.2,6 The radiolabelled dose that fully penetrates the skin is recovered as benzoic acid, while the dose in the skin is approximately half benzoic acid and half benzoyl peroxide.6 95.5% of a radiolabelled dose is not absorbed or metabolized after 8 hours.6
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
The peroxide bond of benzoyl peroxide is cleaved to form 2 benzoyloxy radicals.1 The benzyoyloxy radicals may interact with other molecules, forming benzoic acid; alternatively, benzoyloxy radicals can break down further to release carbon dioxide and a phenyl radical.1
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
Benzoyl peroxide's metabolite benzoic acid, is eliminated in the urine.2 Data regarding fecal elimination is not readily available.
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
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Data regarding overdoses of benzoyl peroxide are not readily available.7,9,10,11,12 During an overdose patients may experience and increased risk or severity of adverse effects such as skin itching, burning, peeling, inflammation, and erythema.9,10,11,12
The oral LD50 in rats is 490 mg/kg.8
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareDapsone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzoyl peroxide is combined with Dapsone. 
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- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Benzoic acid unknown 8SKN0B0MIM 65-85-0 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 10 Benzagel Gel - 10% Gel 10 % Topical Dermik Laboratories 1998-12-01 2005-10-05 Canada 
Acetoxyl 10 Gel Gel 10 % Topical Valeo Pharma Corp. 1978-12-31 2006-07-31 Canada Acetoxyl 20acne Gel Gel 20 % Topical Stiefel Laboratories, Inc. 1978-12-31 1998-07-09 Canada Benoxyl Lotion 10 % Topical Glaxosmithkline Inc 1976-12-31 2011-12-22 Canada Benoxyl Lotion 20 % Topical Glaxosmithkline Inc 1970-12-31 2012-12-10 Canada Benoxyl 10% Wash Liquid 10 % Topical Stiefel Laboratories, Inc. 1980-12-31 1998-07-09 Canada Benprox Gel 27.5 mg/1g Topical River's Edge Pharmaceuticals, LLC 2006-11-01 2011-03-31 US 
Benprox Liquid 52.5 mg/1g Topical River's Edge Pharmaceuticals, LLC 2006-11-01 2012-01-31 US Benprox Lotion 52.5 mg/1g Topical Kylemore Pharmaceuticals, LLC 2010-03-01 2011-03-16 US Benprox Gel 52.5 mg/1g Topical River's Edge Pharmaceuticals, LLC 2006-11-01 2009-10-31 US - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 10 Acne Med Gel 100 mg/1mL Topical Face Reality, Inc. 2011-10-15 Not applicable US 111 Medco Benzoyl Peroxide Soap 100 mg/1g Topical 111 Medco 2019-04-02 Not applicable US 2.5 Acne Med Gel 25 mg/1mL Topical Face Reality, Inc. 2011-11-23 Not applicable US 2.5 Benzagel 2.5% Gel 2.5 % Topical Rhone Poulenc Rorer 1993-12-31 1997-08-13 Canada 2.5 Benzagel 2.5% Acne Gel Gel 2.5 % Topical Novartis 1996-09-29 1999-07-21 Canada 2.5 Benzagel Acne Lotion 2.5% Lotion 2.5 % Topical Rhone Poulenc Rorer 1993-12-31 1997-08-13 Canada 2.5 Benzagel Acne Lotion 2.5% Lotion 2.5 % Topical Novartis 1996-09-30 1999-07-21 Canada 24 Hour Acne Serum Gel 5 g/100g Topical Neutraderm, Inc. 2019-02-08 Not applicable US 5 Acne Med Gel 50 mg/1mL Topical Face Reality, Inc. 2011-10-15 Not applicable US 5 Benzagel Liquid Acne Soap 5% Liquid 5 % Topical Rhone Poulenc Rorer 1993-12-31 1996-09-09 Canada - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 3 Step Acne System Well at Walgreens Benzoyl peroxide (2.5 g/100mL) + Benzoyl peroxide (2.5 g/100mL) Kit Topical Walgreens 2014-07-15 Not applicable US 3 Step Acne System Well at Walgreens Benzoyl peroxide (2.5 g/100mL) + Benzoyl peroxide (2.5 g/100mL) Kit Topical Walgreens 2014-07-15 Not applicable US 30 day Acne Treatment Kit Benzoyl peroxide (5 g/100mL) + Salicylic acid (0.5 g/100mL) Kit Topical COSMETIC ENTERPRISES LTD 2023-08-23 Not applicable US Acanya Benzoyl peroxide (25 mg/1g) + Clindamycin phosphate (10 mg/1mL) Kit Topical Dow Pharmaceuticals Sciences 2009-02-03 2014-04-30 US Acanya Benzoyl peroxide (25 mg/1g) + Clindamycin phosphate (10 mg/1g) Gel Topical Bausch Health US, LLC 2010-07-26 Not applicable US Acne Clearning Treatment Face Benzoyl peroxide (.006 mg/.024mg) + Octasulfur (.012 mg/.024mg) + Salicylic acid (.0048 mg/.024mg) Liquid Topical Care Pluss Pharma S.A. De C.V. 2012-08-06 Not applicable US Acne Free Free 24 HR Acne Clearing System Benzoyl peroxide (25 mg/1mL) + Benzoyl peroxide (37 mg/1mL) Gel; Kit; Lotion Topical AcneFree, LLC 2017-12-01 Not applicable US Acne Free Free 24 HR Acne Clearing System Benzoyl peroxide (25 mg/1mL) + Benzoyl peroxide (37 mg/1mL) Gel; Kit; Lotion Topical AcneFree, LLC 2017-12-01 Not applicable US Acne Free SENSITIVE SKIN 24 HR Acne Clearing System Benzoyl peroxide (30 mg/1mL) + Salicylic acid (15 mg/1mL) Kit; Lotion Topical AcneFree LLC 2017-12-01 Not applicable US Acne Free SEVERE ACNE 24 HR Acne Clearing System Benzoyl peroxide (25 mg/1mL) + Benzoyl peroxide (100 mg/1mL) Gel; Kit; Lotion Topical AcneFree, LLC 2017-12-01 Not applicable US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Adapalene 0.1% / Benzoyl Peroxide 2.5% / Clindamycin 1% Benzoyl peroxide (2.5 g/100g) + Adapalene (0.1 g/100g) + Clindamycin phosphate (1 g/100g) Gel Topical Sincerus Florida, LLC 2019-05-10 Not applicable US Adapalene 0.1% / Benzoyl Peroxide 2.5% / Niacinamide 4% Benzoyl peroxide (2.5 g/100g) + Adapalene (0.1 g/100g) + Nicotinamide (4 g/100g) Gel Topical Sincerus Florida, LLC 2019-05-10 Not applicable US Adapalene 0.3% / Benzoyl Peroxide 2.5% / Clindamycin 1% Benzoyl peroxide (2.5 g/100g) + Adapalene (0.3 g/100g) + Clindamycin phosphate (1 g/100g) Gel Topical Sincerus Florida, LLC 2019-05-01 Not applicable US Adapalene 0.3% / Benzoyl Peroxide 2.5% / Niacinamide 4% Benzoyl peroxide (2.5 g/100g) + Adapalene (0.3 g/100g) + Nicotinamide (4 g/100g) Gel Topical Sincerus Florida, LLC 2019-05-01 Not applicable US Adapalene and Benzoyl Peroxide 0.1%/2.5% Gel Pad Benzoyl peroxide (25 mg/1g) + Adapalene (1 mg/1g) Gel Topical Gabar Health Sciences Corp. 2022-10-10 Not applicable US Adapalene and Benzoyl Peroxide Swab Benzoyl peroxide (25 mg/1g) + Adapalene (1 mg/1g) Gel Topical Biomes Pharmaceuticals 2020-12-01 Not applicable US Bencort Benzoyl peroxide (350 mg/1g) + Benzoyl peroxide (50 mg/1g) + Hydrocortisone (5 mg/1g) Kit Topical River's Edge Pharmaceuticals, LLC 2009-10-01 2011-01-13 US Bencort Benzoyl peroxide (350 mg/1g) + Benzoyl peroxide (50 mg/1g) + Hydrocortisone (5 mg/1g) Kit Topical River's Edge Pharmaceuticals, LLC 2009-10-01 2011-01-13 US BenoxylDoxy 30 Kit Benzoyl peroxide (44 mg/1mL) + Doxycycline monohydrate (100 mg/1) Kit Oral; Topical Elorac, Inc. 2014-07-01 2014-08-07 US BenoxylDoxy 60 Kit Benzoyl peroxide (44 mg/1mL) + Doxycycline monohydrate (100 mg/1) Kit Oral; Topical Elorac, Inc. 2014-07-01 2015-07-18 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- D10AE01 — Benzoyl peroxide
- D10AE — Peroxides
- D10A — ANTI-ACNE PREPARATIONS FOR TOPICAL USE
- D10 — ANTI-ACNE PREPARATIONS
- D — DERMATOLOGICALS
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoyl peroxides. These are organic compounds containing two benzoyl groups O-linked to each other via a peroxide group. Their skeleton has the general formula [C6H5C(O)]2O2.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Benzoyl peroxides
- Direct Parent
- Benzoyl peroxides
- Alternative Parents
- Peroxybenzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives / Peroxycarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid salts / Organooxygen compounds / Organic salts / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Benzoic acid or derivatives / Benzoyl / Benzoyl peroxide / Carboxylic acid derivative / Carboxylic acid salt / Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- carbonyl compound (CHEBI:82405)
- Affected organisms
- Propionibacterium acnes
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- W9WZN9A0GM
- CAS number
- 94-36-0
- InChI Key
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C14H10O4/c15-13(11-7-3-1-4-8-11)17-18-14(16)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H
- IUPAC Name
- benzoyl benzenecarboperoxoate
- SMILES
- O=C(OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
References
- Synthesis Reference
- Zenz, C. Occupational Medicine - Principles and Practical Applications. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Yearbook Inc.; 1988: 712.
- Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc.; 1996: 187.
- Ashford, RD. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England: Wavelength Publications Ltd.; 1994: 119.
- General References
- Swauger JE, Dolan PM, Zweier JL, Kuppusamy P, Kensler TW: Role of the benzoyloxyl radical in DNA damage mediated by benzoyl peroxide. Chem Res Toxicol. 1991 Mar-Apr;4(2):223-8. [Article]
- Matin T, Goodman MB: Benzoyl Peroxide . [Article]
- Fuchs CSK, Ortner VK, Hansen FS, Philipsen PA, Haedersdal M: Subclinical effects of adapalene-benzoyl peroxide: a prospective in vivo imaging study on acne micromorphology and transfollicular delivery. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021 Jan 28. doi: 10.1111/jdv.17140. [Article]
- Kurokawa I, Nakase K: Recent advances in understanding and managing acne. F1000Res. 2020 Jul 29;9. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.25588.1. eCollection 2020. [Article]
- Russell JJ: Topical therapy for acne. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Jan 15;61(2):357-66. [Article]
- Nacht S, Yeung D, Beasley JN Jr, Anjo MD, Maibach HI: Benzoyl peroxide: percutaneous penetration and metabolic disposition. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1981 Jan;4(1):31-7. [Article]
- BASG: Benzaknen Wash (Benzoyl Peroxide) Topical Suspension [Link]
- Fisher Scientific: Benzoyl Peroxide MSDS [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Benzamycin (Benzoyl Peroxide and Erythromycin) Topical Gel [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Duac (Benzoyl Peroxide and Clindamycin) Topical Gel [Link]
- DailyMed: 111 Medco (Benzoyl Peroxide) Topical Soap [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Epiduo (Benzoyl Peroxide and Adapalene) Topical Gel [Link]
- DailyMed Label: TWYNEO (tretinoin and benzoyl peroxide) topical cream [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: EPSOLAY (benzoyl peroxide) cream, for topical use [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0032040
- KEGG Drug
- D03093
- KEGG Compound
- C19346
- PubChem Compound
- 7187
- PubChem Substance
- 310265023
- ChemSpider
- 6919
- 1418
- ChEBI
- 82405
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1200370
- ZINC
- ZINC000000001016
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Benzoyl_peroxide
- MSDS
- Download (37.4 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Other Acne Vulgaris 1 4 Completed Other Acne / Healthy Subjects (HS) 1 4 Completed Other P Acnes Colonization 1 4 Completed Prevention Acne Vulgaris / Atrophic Acne Scars 1 4 Completed Prevention Propionibacterium Acnes 1 4 Completed Supportive Care Acne 1 4 Completed Treatment Acne 7 4 Completed Treatment Acne Vulgaris 27 4 Completed Treatment Acne Vulgaris / Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation 1 4 Completed Treatment Skin Diseases 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Lotion Topical 2.5 % Cream Topical 28.3 g/100g Cream Topical 104 mg/10g Lotion Topical 0.025 g/100mL Lotion Topical 2.5 mg/1mL Liquid Topical Gel Topical 5 mL/100mL Shampoo, suspension Topical 25 mg/1mL Gel Topical 4 % w/w Kit; lotion Topical Gel; kit; lotion Topical Gel Topical 100 mg/1g Lotion Topical 100 mg/1000mL Gel Topical 50 mg/1g Lotion Topical 50 mg/1000mL Cream Cutaneous Aerosol, foam Topical 2.5 mg/1g Lotion Topical 2.5 mL/100mL Cream Topical 10 g/100mL Cream Topical 5 mg/100mg Lotion Topical 30 mg/1g Solution Topical 5.0 % w/w Gel Topical 1 mg/1g Lotion Topical 3.5 % w/w Gel Topical 3.5 g/100mL Cream Topical 25 mg/1mL Cream; gel; kit Topical Gel 50 Mg Liquid Topical 3 mg/60mL Lotion Topical 5 g Kit Topical 25 mg/1mL Kit; liquid; lotion Topical Liquid Topical 4.25 g/170g Cream Topical 3.4 g/136g Liquid Topical 25 mg/1mL Cream Topical 2.5 mg/100mL Lotion Topical 10 mg/100mL Cream Topical 10 g Gel Topical 2.5 % / g Aerosol, foam Topical 2.5 g/100g Suspension Oral 4 % Gel Topical 3 % Gel Topical 100 mg/g Gel Topical Gel Cutaneous 10 % Gel Topical 50 mg/g Gel Cutaneous 5 % Aerosol, foam Topical 5 g/100g Cream Topical 5.5 g/100mL Lotion Transdermal 5.5 g/100mL Cream Topical 0.026 mg/1mg Lotion Topical 40 mg/1mL Cream Topical 1.4 g/28g Gel Topical 25 mg/1mL Liquid Topical 5.5 mg/40mL Solution Topical 2.5 g Gel Topical 2.5 %w/w Lotion Topical 20 % Liquid, extended release Topical 44 mg/1mL Gel Topical 27.5 mg/1g Liquid Topical 52.5 mg/1g Gel Topical 10 % Gel Topical 5 % Solution Topical 2.6 g/100mL Gel Cutaneous Gel Topical 2.5 g Gel Topical 5 g Gel Topical 2.6 % w/w Solution Topical 5 % Liquid Topical 5 % Gel Topical 2.5 % w/w Suspension Topical 5 % Suspension Oral 50 mg/g Cream Topical 100 mg/1g Cream Topical 50 mg/1g Aerosol Topical 5.3 g/100g Aerosol Topical 9.8 g/100g Aerosol, foam Topical 3.18 g/60g Cloth Topical 60 mg/1 Soap Topical 7 g/100g Cream Topical 0.2 g/50g Gel Kit Oral; Topical Lotion Topical 3 g/100mL Cream Topical Gel Soap Topical 2.5 g/100mL Aerosol, foam Topical 53 mg/1g Aerosol, foam Topical 98 mg/1g Cloth Topical 95 mg/1g Emulsion Topical 45 mg/1mL Emulsion Topical 65 mg/1mL Emulsion Topical 85 mg/1mL Gel Topical 10 g/100g Gel Topical 25 mg/1000mg Liquid Topical 10 g/100g Liquid Topical 2.5 g/100g Liquid Topical 30 mg/1mL Liquid Topical 57.5 mg/1mL Liquid Topical 60 mg/1mL Liquid Topical 70 g/1mL Liquid Topical 70 mg/1g Liquid Topical 90 mg/1mL Solution Topical 3 g/100mL Solution Topical 4 g/100g Solution Topical 45 mg/1mL Solution Topical 6 g/100mL Solution Topical 65 mg/1mL Solution Topical 8 g/100g Solution Topical 85 mg/1mL Solution Topical 9 g/100mL Gel Topical 50 mg/1000mg Suspension Topical Solution Topical 2.5 % w/w Gel Topical 2.5 g/100g Gel Topical 35 mg/1g Cream Topical 4 g/100g Cream Topical 8 g/100g Cream Topical 0.1 g/1g Aerosol, foam Topical 5.3 g/100g Aerosol, foam Topical 9.8 g/100g Emulsion Topical 57.5 mg/1mL Emulsion Topical 70 mg/1mL Cream Topical 3.29 g/56g Gel Topical 100 mg/1mL Gel Topical 5.0 % Emulsion Topical 42.5 mg/1mL Gel Topical 55 mg/1g Emulsion Topical 100 mg/1g Emulsion Topical 50 mg/1g Emulsion Topical 52.5 mg/1g Lotion Topical 52.5 mg/1g Gel Topical 4 mg/100mg Gel Topical 8 mg/100mg Solution Topical 5 % w/w Cloth Topical 3.2 g/100g Cloth Topical 9 g/100g Kit; soap Topical Gel Cutaneous 4.000 g Lotion Topical 5 mL/100mL Cream Topical 13.6 g/170.1g Cream Topical 6.8 g/170.1g Gel Topical 40 mg/1g Gel Topical 80 mg/1g Cream Topical 1.125 g/15g Gel Topical 5.00 % Cream Topical 2.6 g/100mL Aerosol Topical 2.5 % Cream Topical 5.0 % w/w Lotion Topical 5 % Liquid Topical 5.57 mg/1g Liquid Topical .006 mg/.024mg Cream Topical 5.0 % Lotion Topical Solution Topical 3 % w/w Cream Topical 30 mg/1mL Cream Topical 7.5 mg/100mL Gel; kit; liquid Topical Liquid Topical 3.7 % Lotion Topical 3.5 % Liquid Topical 3.5 % Cream Topical 5.325 g Cloth; cream; kit; lotion Topical Cream Topical 5 % w/w Cloth Topical Kit; lotion Topical 5 % w/w Lotion Topical 50 mg/1mL Gel Topical 70 mg/1g Gel; kit; powder, for solution Topical Gel; kit; solution Topical Lotion Topical 2.5 % w/w Lotion Topical 5.0 % Cream Topical 0.8 mg/29.6mg Gel Topical 61.62 mg/1mL Gel Topical 60 mg/1mL Gel Topical 30 mg/g Soap Topical 100 mg/1g Lotion Topical 5 % w/w Liquid Topical 35 mg/1g Lotion Topical 35 mg/1g Gel Topical 50 mg/1mL Soap Topical 5 g/100g Gel Topical 2.5 % Gel Topical 20 % Solution Topical 10 mg/1g Solution Topical 10 mg/1mL Solution Topical 5 mg/1mL Solution Topical 5 mg/1g Lotion Topical 10 % Solution Topical 5 g/100mL Solution Topical 10 g/100mL Cream; kit Topical Lotion Topical 2.5 g/100mL Gel; lotion Topical 2.5 % w/w Cream Topical 58.7 mg/1g Cloth Topical 2.5 % w/w Aerosol, foam Topical 9.8 g/1g Gel Cutaneous Gel Topical 0.10 % Liquid, extended release Topical 4.5 mg/100mL Liquid Topical 0.1 mg/1g Gel Topical 135 mg/1g Liquid Topical 3 g/120g Lotion Topical 1.5 g/60g Lotion Topical 25 mg/1mL Ointment Topical 5 % w/w Gel; kit Topical Gel Topical Cream Topical 4 % w/w Liquid Topical 5 g/100g Gel Topical 5.6 g/56g Gel Topical 3 mL/60mL Gel Topical 2.8 g/56.7g Lotion Topical 45 mg/1mL Gel Topical 50 mg/1 Gel Topical 51.9 mg/100mL Cream Topical 10 g/100g Cream Topical 60 mg/1g Lotion Topical 70 mg/1mL Liquid Topical 70 mg/1mL Lotion / shampoo Topical 25 mg/1mL Cream Topical 10 % Cream Topical 20 % Cream Topical 2.5 % Lotion Topical 0.0625 kg/1kg Cream Topical 5.3 g/100g Gel Topical 10 g/100mL Suspension Topical 10 g/100g Soap Topical 10 g/100g Lotion Topical 55 mg/1mL Kit Topical 7 mg/1g Liquid Topical 10 g/100mL Gel Topical 52.5 mg/1g Aerosol, foam Topical 25 mg/1g Aerosol, foam Topical 80 mg/1g Gel Topical 5 % w/w Cream Topical 5 mg/100mL Gel Topical 25 mg/1g Cream Topical 1 g/100g Cream Topical 5 g/100mL Cream Topical 35 mg/1g Cream Topical 55 mg/1g Cream Topical 85 mg/1g Solution Topical 70 mg/1g Kit Topical Lotion Topical 70 mg/1g Cream Topical 5 g Paste Topical 5 % Gel Topical 3.5 % Gel Topical 35 mg/1mL Lotion Topical 35 mg/1mL Cream Topical 37 mg/1mL Suspension Topical 37 mg/1mL Cream; kit; lotion Topical Jelly Topical 2.5 % Cream Topical 2.5 mg/1g Liquid Topical 50 mg/1mL Cream Topical 35 mg/1mL Cream Topical 2.5 g Lotion Topical 5.0 % w/w Lotion Topical 5 g/100mL Gel Topical 7 mg/1g Solution Topical 2.5 g/100mL Gel; kit Topical 25 mg/1mL Cream Topical 2.5 g/100g Paste Topical 3.5 % w/w Gel Topical 0.102 g/1g Lotion Topical 3.0 % Gel Topical 10 g Lotion Topical 5 %w/w Lotion Topical 100 mg/1g Gel 50 MG/G Cream Topical 5 % Lotion Topical 50 mg/1g Liquid Topical 100 mg/1mL Lotion Topical 100 mg/1mL Cream Topical 100 mg/1mL Cream Topical 50 mg/1mL Swab Topical 25 mg/1 Stick Topical 50 mg/1g Cloth Topical 70 mg/1g Cloth Topical 42.5 mg/1g Solution Topical 42.5 mg/1g Cream Topical 146.7 mg/1g Cream Topical 30 mg/1g Soap Topical 0.5 g/10g Soap Topical 1 g/10g Soap Topical 11.3 g/1 Soap Topical 12.6 g/113g Soap Topical 5.65 g/1 Cream Topical 117.3 mg/1g Soap Topical 10 % Soap Topical 5 % Liquid Topical 4 % Liquid Topical 10 % Kit; lotion; solution Topical Cream Topical 5 g/100g Aerosol Topical 20.83 g Gel Topical 5 g/100g Lotion Topical 5 g/100g Cream Topical 10 % w/w Solution Topical 0.063 mg/2.5mL Lotion Topical 0.063 mg/2.5mL Cream Topical 25 mg/1g Gel Topical 5 g/100mL Cream Topical 0.06 g/1g Lotion Topical 7 mg/100mL Gel Topical 8.5 mg/100mL Cream Topical 7 mg/100mL Lotion Topical 7 g/100mL Cream Topical 0.025 g/1000mL Cream Topical 0.25 g/1000mL Gel Topical 2.5 mg/100mL Gel Topical 2.5 g/100mL Lotion Topical 2.5 mg/100mL Lotion Topical 3 % w/w Cream Topical 52.5 mg/1mL Emulsion Topical 25 mg/1g Liquid Topical 7.5 mL/100mL Cream Topical 2.95 mL/59mL Aerosol, foam Topical 55 mg/1g Aerosol, foam Topical 95 mg/1g Lotion Topical 2.50 % Cream Topical 2.5 mL/100mL Cream; gel; kit; lotion Topical 2.5 % w/w Kit Topical 0.5 mg/1g Liquid Topical 2.5 % Cream Topical 2.5 % w/w Paste Topical 3.5 % Swab Topical 25 mg/1mL Lotion Topical 25 mg/1g Lotion Topical 10 g/100mL Gel Topical 4 % Gel Topical 8 % Gel Topical 4 g Ointment Topical 9.48 mg/100mg Gel Topical 3 % w/w Lotion Topical 4 % w/w Lotion Topical 2.5 g/100g Lotion Topical 10 g/100g Lotion Topical 0.025 g/1mL Cream Topical 0.05 g/1mL Gel; kit; paste Topical Cream Topical Cream Topical 0.05 g/1g Lotion Topical 2.50 g/100g Soap Topical 5 g/100mL Cream Topical 2.5 g/100mL Soap Topical 60 mg/1g Emulsion Topical 10 % Emulsion Topical 5 % Cloth Topical 30 mg/1g Cloth Topical 60 mg/1g Cloth Topical 90 mg/1g Gel Topical 5 g/99.8g Cream Topical 3.7 mL/100mL Cream Topical 40 mg/1mL Swab Topical 2.75 mg/1 Gel Topical 8.5 mg/100g Gel Topical 8.5 g/100g Lotion Topical 40 mg/1g Lotion Topical 80 mg/1g Ointment Topical 100 mg/1g Gel Topical 45 mg/1mL Gel Topical 5 %w/w Cream Topical 10 %w/w Cream Topical 5 %w/w Gel Topical 10 %w/w - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US8909305 No 2014-12-09 2022-12-23 US US8703820 No 2014-04-22 2023-03-12 US US7964202 No 2011-06-21 2024-09-01 US US8071644 No 2011-12-06 2027-07-18 US US8080537 No 2011-12-20 2027-07-18 US US8105618 No 2012-01-31 2022-12-23 US US8129362 No 2012-03-06 2027-07-18 US US8445543 No 2013-05-21 2027-07-12 US US8809305 No 2014-08-19 2022-12-23 US US8936800 No 2015-01-20 2022-12-23 US US8241649 No 2012-08-14 2022-12-23 US US7820186 No 2010-10-26 2025-11-23 US US8288434 No 2012-10-16 2029-08-05 US US8663699 No 2014-03-04 2029-06-03 US US8895070 No 2014-11-25 2029-06-03 US US9078870 No 2015-07-14 2029-06-03 US US8785420 No 2014-07-22 2022-12-23 US US8729127 No 2014-05-20 2023-03-12 US US9504704 No 2016-11-29 2029-06-03 US US9561208 No 2017-02-07 2029-06-03 US US9381179 No 2016-07-05 2023-03-12 US US9387187 No 2016-07-12 2023-03-12 US US9814690 No 2017-11-14 2022-12-23 US US10137142 No 2018-11-27 2029-06-03 US US10220049 No 2019-03-05 2029-06-03 US US10624918 No 2020-04-21 2029-06-03 US US9868103 No 2018-01-16 2028-08-08 US US11071878 No 2021-07-27 2030-12-30 US US10420743 No 2019-09-24 2038-07-12 US US10653899 No 2020-05-19 2030-12-30 US US8617580 No 2013-12-31 2028-02-03 US US10945987 No 2021-03-16 2040-02-19 US US10933046 No 2021-03-02 2040-02-19 US US9687465 No 2017-06-27 2032-11-27 US US11426378 No 2020-08-18 2040-08-18 US US11541026 No 2020-02-19 2040-02-19 US US11628155 No 2020-12-27 2040-12-27 US US11389467 No 2020-12-28 2040-12-28 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 103 - 106 Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc.; 1996: 187. boiling point (°C) Decomposes explosively above melting point. Does not reach boiling point. United States Department of Labor. OSHA Occupational Chemical Database. Occupational Safety and Health Administration website. https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/chemResult.html?RecNo=748. Accessed February 22, 2017. water solubility <1% United States Department of Labor. OSHA Occupational Chemical Database. Occupational Safety and Health Administration website. https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/chemResult.html?RecNo=748. Accessed February 22, 2017. - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.0294 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.75 ALOGPS logP 3.95 Chemaxon logS -3.9 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Basic) -7.2 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 52.6 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 5 Chemaxon Refractivity 64.77 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 24.16 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Promotes growth of cells including T-cells, B-cells, myeloid leukemia c...
- Gene Name
- CAT
- Uniprot ID
- P04040
- Uniprot Name
- Catalase
- Molecular Weight
- 59755.82 Da
References
- Zhao J, Lahiri-Chatterjee M, Sharma Y, Agarwal R: Inhibitory effect of a flavonoid antioxidant silymarin on benzoyl peroxide-induced tumor promotion, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in SENCAR mouse skin. Carcinogenesis. 2000 Apr;21(4):811-6. doi: 10.1093/carcin/21.4.811. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Not Available
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Glutathione peroxidase activity
- Specific Function
- Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione. May constitute a glutathione peroxidas...
Components:
References
- Zhao J, Lahiri-Chatterjee M, Sharma Y, Agarwal R: Inhibitory effect of a flavonoid antioxidant silymarin on benzoyl peroxide-induced tumor promotion, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in SENCAR mouse skin. Carcinogenesis. 2000 Apr;21(4):811-6. doi: 10.1093/carcin/21.4.811. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Activator
- General Function
- Putrescine transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Antizyme inhibitor protein that positively regulates ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and polyamine uptake by counteracting the negative effect of antizymes OAZ1, OAZ2 and OAZ3 on ODC1 activi...
- Gene Name
- AZIN2
- Uniprot ID
- Q96A70
- Uniprot Name
- Antizyme inhibitor 2
- Molecular Weight
- 49979.185 Da
References
- Saleem M, Alam A, Arifin S, Shah MS, Ahmed B, Sultana S: Lupeol, a triterpene, inhibits early responses of tumor promotion induced by benzoyl peroxide in murine skin. Pharmacol Res. 2001 Feb;43(2):127-34. doi: 10.1006/phrs.2000.0710. [Article]
- Saleem M, Alam A, Sultana S: Attenuation of benzoyl peroxide-mediated cutaneous oxidative stress and hyperproliferative response by the prophylactic treatment of mice with spearmint (Mentha spicata). Food Chem Toxicol. 2000 Oct;38(10):939-48. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(00)00088-0. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that is involved in positive and negative regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, differenti...
Components:
References
- Gopalakrishna R, Gundimeda U, Anderson WB, Colburn NH, Slaga TJ: Tumor promoter benzoyl peroxide induces sulfhydryl oxidation in protein kinase C: its reversibility is related to the cellular resistance to peroxide-induced cytotoxicity. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999 Mar 15;363(2):246-58. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1999.1100. [Article]
- Hegemann L, Toso SM, Kitay K, Webster GF: Anti-inflammatory actions of benzoyl peroxide: effects on the generation of reactive oxygen species by leucocytes and the activity of protein kinase C and calmodulin. Br J Dermatol. 1994 May;130(5):569-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb13101.x. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Protect the extracellular space from toxic effect of reactive oxygen intermediates by converting superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen.
- Specific Function
- Copper ion binding
Components:
| Name | UniProt ID |
|---|---|
| Extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] | P08294 |
| Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] | P00441 |
| Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial | P04179 |
References
- Zhao J, Lahiri-Chatterjee M, Sharma Y, Agarwal R: Inhibitory effect of a flavonoid antioxidant silymarin on benzoyl peroxide-induced tumor promotion, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in SENCAR mouse skin. Carcinogenesis. 2000 Apr;21(4):811-6. doi: 10.1093/carcin/21.4.811. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Promotes growth of cells including T-cells, B-cells, myeloid leukemia c...
- Gene Name
- CAT
- Uniprot ID
- P04040
- Uniprot Name
- Catalase
- Molecular Weight
- 59755.82 Da
References
- Horozova E, Dimcheva N, Jordanova Z: Enzyme-catalyzed decomposition of dibenzoyl peroxide in organic solvents. Z Naturforsch C J Biosci. 2001 Jul-Aug;56(7-8):553-8. doi: 10.1515/znc-2001-7-813. [Article]
Drug created at September 16, 2015 18:04 / Updated at December 06, 2023 02:33