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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Xanthosine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124866MetabolicThe purines are guanine and adenine. These undergo metabolism in the liver to form xanthosine. Adenine forms adenosine through the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase. … Xanthosine then enters the blood where it can have detrimental effects on other organs such as the kidney, causing renal failure and the heart causing cardiovascular disease.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Uridine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124871MetabolicMore specifically, uridine is a nucleoside consisting of uracil and D-ribose and a component of RNA. … L-glutamine is first converted to carbamoyl phosphate then to N-Carbamoyl-L-aspartate and finally to dihydroorotate by the CAD protein (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and
Enzymes: Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency (Wolman Disease)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125640DiseaseLysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency, also known as Wolman disease, is predictably enough the result of a specific defect in lysosomal acid lipase. … Wolman disease is characterized by increased transaminases in serum, and increased cholesteryl esters and triglycerides in various tissues.
Drugs: Cholecalciferol · ATP · Magnesium cation · Iron · Dimethylallyl Diphosphate · Formic acid +8 moreEnzymes: Lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester hydrolaseCongenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type III
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125690DiseaseCBASIII is characterized by accumulation of bile acids in the urine. Symptoms include severe cholestasis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. … The synthesis of primary bile acids from cholesterol occurs via two pathways: the classic neutral pathway involving cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), and the acidic pathway involving a distinct
Glutaric Aciduria Type I (Fatty Acid Metabolism)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125737DiseaseA deficiency in this enzyme results in accumulation of 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, glutaconic acid, glutaric acid, and ketone bodies in urine. … Symptoms include encephalopathy, grimacing, dystonia, metabolic acidosis, and hygroma. Treatment includes a low-protein diet, L-carnitine, riboflavin, and anticonvulsants.
Drugs: Adenosine phosphate · NADH · ATP · Levocarnitine · Magnesium cation · Flavin adenine dinucleotide +4 moreEnzymes: Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1D-Arginine and D-Ornithine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000036MetabolicD-Amino acids have been show to be present in high concentrations in humans and play a role in biological functions. … DAAO is highly specific towards D-amino acids and favours free neutral D-amino acids or those with hydrophobic, polar or aromatic groups. Acidic amino acids are not catalyze by DAOO.
Enzymes: D-amino-acid oxidaseMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenylacetylglutamine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123208Metabolicacid. … It has been shown that over 50% of urine phenylacetylglutamine may be derived from kidney conjugation of free plasma phenylacetic acid and/or from the kidney's preferential filtration of conjugated phenylacetic
Drugs: Phenylalanine · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate · ATP · Magnesium cation · Phenylpyruvic acid +1 moreEnzymes: Y+L amino acid transporter 1, Excitatory amino acid transporter 3Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenol
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123255MetabolicPhenol is shown to cause cardiovascular disease and enhance the production of reactive oxygen species and cause oxidative stress. … Phenol can get further metabolized in a liver hepatocyte to Phenyl sulphate and Phenyl glucuronide. However phenol itself is shown to be a major uremic toxin through high levels of retention.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Choline
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124739MetabolicCholine is obtained from foods like poultry, meat, fish, dairy and eggs. … TMAO has negative effects on organs such as the heart, kidney and vascular system by contributing to cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and kidney disease.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Dimethylglycine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124873MetabolicDimethylglycine (DMG) is an amino acid derivative found in the cells of all plants and animals and can be obtained in the diet in small amounts from grains and meat. … Dimethylglycine enters the bloodstream and can cause toxic effects on the cardiovascular system.
Drugs: Choline · Methionine · NADH · Zinc · N,N-dimethylglycine · Flavin adenine dinucleotide +1 more