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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Orotic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124870MetabolicL-glutamine is first converted to carbamoyl phosphate then to N-Carbamoyl-L-aspartate and finally to dihydroorotate by the CAD protein (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and … Most urinary orotic acid is synthesized in the body, where it arises as an intermediate in the pathway for the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides.
Enzymes: Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)Apoptotic DNA Fragmentation and Tissue Homeostasis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0063772SignalingICAD and CAD exist in the nucleus in normal cells and is a major endonuclease in apoptosis. Its activation is normally caspase dependent. … EndoG resides in mitochondria in normal cells and travels to the nucleus, where it fragments chromosomal DNA upon activation of apoptosis.
Drugs: ZincEnzymes: Caspase-3Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Creatinine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123283MetabolicArginine from the diet is absorbed into systemic circulation and enters hepatocytes through an amino acid transporter, where it undergoes a series of metabolic reactions. … If not cleared, it can reduce cardiomyocyte contractility and weaken cardiac efficiency, leading to systolic dysfunction and heart failure.
Enzymes: Y+L amino acid transporter 2Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Xanthine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124865MetabolicThe purines are guanine and adenine. These undergo metabolism in the liver to form xanthine. Adenine forms adenosine through the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase. … Adenosine then reacts with water to form inosine and ammonia using the enzyme adenosine deaminase. Inosine goes on to form hypoxanthine through the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Kynurenine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125524DiseaseIn the blood it travels to the liver and is transported into a hepatocyte by an amino acid transporter. … Tryptophan is consumed through foods such as milk, eggs, chicken, turkey, and oats. Tryptophan is then transported from the small intestine into the blood by an amino acid transport.
Enzymes: Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT, Neutral amino acid transporter AMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Isovalerylglycine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126748MetabolicIsovalerylglycine (IVG) is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. … In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Tiglylglycine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126840MetabolicTiglylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. … In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation.
Enzymes: 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial, Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrialMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Citrulline
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126861MetabolicIn addition, citrulline and L-aspartic acid can be converted into argininosuccinic acid through the action of the enzyme argininosuccinate synthase. … Citrulline, also known as Cit or δ-ureidonorvaline, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Putrescine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123276MetabolicPutrescine is an aliphatic amine that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from the amino acid arginine which is acquired from foods that are high in protein. … While putrescine is important for interactions and processes involving, DNA, RNA and proteins, at high levels it is also a protein bound uremic toxin found in the body that can inhibit erythropoietin production
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Xanthosine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124866MetabolicThe purines are guanine and adenine. These undergo metabolism in the liver to form xanthosine. Adenine forms adenosine through the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase. … Xanthosine then enters the blood where it can have detrimental effects on other organs such as the kidney, causing renal failure and the heart causing cardiovascular disease.