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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Uridine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124871MetabolicMore specifically, uridine is a nucleoside consisting of uracil and D-ribose and a component of RNA. … L-glutamine is first converted to carbamoyl phosphate then to N-Carbamoyl-L-aspartate and finally to dihydroorotate by the CAD protein (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and
Enzymes: Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)Alpha Linolenic Acid and Linoleic Acid Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000018MetabolicSimilarly, the PUFA alpha-linoleic acid (ALA) is the precursor to n-3 fatty acids known as omega-3 fatty acids which is characterized by a carbon-carbon double bond at the third carbon from the methyl … Linoleic acid (LNA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) precursor to the longer n−6 fatty acids commonly known as omega-6 fatty acids.
Enzymes: Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4, Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 5Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Quinolinic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123249Metabolic, and 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase to form quinolinic acid. … Quinolinic acid is shown to have major neurotoxic effects on the brain by acting as an NMDA receptor agonist, causing excessive glutamate release and lipid peroxidation.
Drugs: Tryptophan · Quinolinic Acid · Kynurenine · Mesoheme · Flavin adenine dinucleotide · 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid +1 moreEnzymes: Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT, Kynurenine 3-monooxygenaseMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Uric acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124845MetabolicUric acid can enter the blood and produce toxic effects on the cardiovascular, renal and joints, leading to cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and arthritis/ gout. … Uric acid is formed from purine catabolism. Purines can be made endogenously in the body or can be obtained exogenously from foods such as red meat. The purines are guanine and adenine.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Oxalic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124875MetabolicThe oxalate formed in the liver form these 3 sources can enter the blood and have toxic effects in other tissues. Oxalate can promote cardiovascular disease, neurotoxicity and inflammation. … Glycine and hydroxyproline comes from protein sources in the diet such as red meat and eggs. Glycine Is converted into glyoxylate in the peroxisome by the enzyme d-amino acid oxidase.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ascorbic acid · Succinic acid · Glutamic acid · Glycine · Proline +4 moreEnzymes: Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-3, Sodium- and chloride-dependent transporter XTRP3Metabolsim and Physiological Effects of Argininic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125504MetabolicArginnosuccinate is synthesized from citrulline and aspartic acid by the enzyme argininosuccinate synthase. That is catalyzed by argininosuccinate lyase to produce arginine and fumaric acid. … Argininic acid is a uremic toxin that is toxic to the nervous system, and it causes various neurlogical disorders such as variable degree of mental retardation, epilepsy and progressive spasticity.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Arginine · Aspartic acid · Ornithine · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate +10 moreEnzymes: D-amino-acid oxidase, Neutral amino acid transporter AMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Indolelactic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126749MetabolicIndolelactic acid is also a microbial metabolite; urinary indole-3-lactate is produced by Clostridium sporogenes.Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan are all metabolized through the reductive pathway … Indolelactic acid (CAS: 1821-52-9) is a tryptophan metabolite found in human plasma, serum, and urine.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Vanillic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126881MetabolicIt is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13). … Vanillic acid is a phenolic acid found in some forms of vanilla and many other plant extracts. It is a flavouring and scent agent that produces a pleasant, creamy odour.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of N-Acetyl-3-Methylhistidine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126795MetabolicN-Acetyl-3-methylhistidine, an N-acetyl-L-amino acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as histidine and derivatives. … Higher circulating levels of five of these N-acetylated amino acids, namely, N-δ-acetylornithine, N-acetyl-1-methylhistidine, N-acetyl-3-methylhistidine, N-acetylhistidine, and N2,N5-diacetylornithine,
D-Arginine and D-Ornithine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000036MetabolicD-Amino acids have been show to be present in high concentrations in humans and play a role in biological functions. … DAAO is highly specific towards D-amino acids and favours free neutral D-amino acids or those with hydrophobic, polar or aromatic groups. Acidic amino acids are not catalyze by DAOO.
Enzymes: D-amino-acid oxidase