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Caffeine Cardiac Contraction Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126520Drug actionCaffeine is a stimulant present in tea, coffee, cola beverages, analgesic drugs, and agents used to increase alertness. The cardiovascular effects are extensive and can help with headaches, migraines, or other types of pain in certain ci...
Norepinephrine Neurological
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0130946PhysiologicalNorepinephrine is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine by a series of enzymatic steps in the adrenal medulla and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. … The principal end products are either Vanillylmandelic acid or a conjugated form of MHPG, both of which are thought to be biologically inactive and are excreted in the urine.[13]
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ascorbic acid · Tyrosine · Norepinephrine · Dopamine · Levodopa +3 moreEnzymes: Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseRefsum Disease
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125805DiseaseA defect in phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase results in accumulation of phytanic acid in the plasma, as well as low levels of pristanic acid due to the inability for phytanic acid to undergo alpha and beta oxidation … Adult Refsum Disease (Classic Refsum Disease; Phytanic Acid Oxidase Deficiency; Heredopathia Atactica Polyneurtiformis; Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy IV; HSMN4; Adult Refsum Disease I; Adult
Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000497DiseaseTyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) Deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism (IEM) and autosomal recessive disorder of catecholamines pathways. The disorder is caused by defects in the Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene which encodes for the en...
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ademetionine · Ascorbic acid · Tyrosine · Norepinephrine · Epinephrine +4 moreEnzymes: Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseMethyldopa Metabolism Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125325MetabolicMethyldopa is a centrally-acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used to manage hypertension alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, and to treat hypertensive crises. Methyldopa is incompletely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tra...
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ademetionine · Ascorbic acid · Methyldopa · Magnesium cation · Pyrroloquinoline Quinone +1 moreEnzymes: Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseCarnitine Synthesis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000465MetabolicIt is necessary for fatty acid oxidation, transporting fatty acids from the cystosol to the mitochondria, where they are broken down via the citric acid cycle to release energy. … Finally, 4-trimethylammoniobutanoic acid is transformed into L-carnitine via the enzyme gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ademetionine · Lysine · Ascorbic acid · Succinic acid · Glycine +4 moreRefsum Disease
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000451DiseaseA defect in phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase results in accumulation of phytanic acid in the plasma, as well as low levels of pristanic acid due to the inability for phytanic acid to undergo alpha and beta oxidation … Adult Refsum Disease (Classic Refsum Disease; Phytanic Acid Oxidase Deficiency; Heredopathia Atactica Polyneurtiformis; Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy IV; HSMN4; Adult Refsum Disease I; Adult
Amitriptyline Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125187Drug actionAmitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant indicated in the treatment of depressive illness, either endogenous or psychotic, and to relieve depression associated anxiety. The non-FDA-approved indications are anxiety, post-traumatic stre...
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ascorbic acid · Tyrosine · Amitriptyline · Sapropterin · Norepinephrine +5 moreEnzymes: Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseDuloxetine (SNRI) - Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibiton
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125000Drug actionDuloxetine is a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used to treat generalized anxiety disorder, neuropathic pain, osteoarthritis, and stress incontinence. It blocks both sodium dependent serotonin and sodium dependent norepinephr...
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ascorbic acid · Tyrosine · Norepinephrine · Duloxetine · Dopamine +4 moreEnzymes: Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseTyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125611DiseaseTyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) Deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism (IEM) and autosomal recessive disorder of catecholamines pathways. The disorder is caused by defects in the Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene which encodes for the en...
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ademetionine · Ascorbic acid · Tyrosine · Norepinephrine · Epinephrine +4 moreEnzymes: Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase