Hydroxyurea

Identification

Summary

Hydroxyurea is an antimetabolite used to treat sickle cell anemia crisis, resistant chronic myeloid leukemia, and Locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (excluding the lip).

Brand Names

Droxia, Hydrea, Siklos

Generic Name

Hydroxyurea

DrugBank Accession Number

DB01005

Background

An antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase.

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved

Structure

3D

Download

MOLSDF3D-SDFPDBSMILESInChI

Similar Structures

Structure for Hydroxyurea (DB01005)

×

Close

Weight

Average: 76.0547
Monoisotopic: 76.027277382

Chemical Formula

CH₄N₂O₂

Synonyms

• Carbamohydroxamic acid
• Carbamohydroximic acid
• Carbamoyl oxime
• Carbamyl hydroxamate
• Hidroxicarbamida
• Hydrea
• Hydroxycarbamid
• Hydroxycarbamide
• Hydroxycarbamidum
• Hydroxyharnstoff
• Hydroxyurea
• N-Carbamoylhydroxylamine
• N-Hydroxyurea
• Oxyurea

External IDs

• NSC-32065
• SQ 1089
• SQ-1089

Pharmacology

Indication

Hydroxyurea is indicated to reduce the frequency of painful crises and to reduce the need for blood transfusions in adult and pediatric patients, 2 years of age and older, with sickle cell anemia with recurrent moderate to severe painful crises.⁵

Reduce drug development failure rates

Build, train, & validate machine-learning models
with evidence-based and structured datasets.

See how

Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.

See how

Associated Conditions

• Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
• Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)
• Head and Neck Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES)
• Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck (SCCHN)
• Meningiomas
• Polycythemia Vera (PV)
• Sickle Cell Crisis
• Vaso-occlusive Crisis

Associated Therapies

• Chemoradiotherapy
• Radiation Therapy

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

Prevent Adverse Drug Events Today

Tap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.

Learn more

Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API

Learn more

Pharmacodynamics

Hydroxyurea has dose-dependent synergistic activity with cisplatin in vitro. In vivo Hydroxyurea showed activity in combination with cisplatin against the LX-1 and CALU-6 human lung xenografts, but minimal activity was seen with the NCI-H460 or NCI-H520 xenografts. Hydroxyurea was synergistic with cisplatin in the Lewis lung murine xenograft. Sequential exposure to Hydroxyurea 4 hours before cisplatin produced the greatest interaction.

Mechanism of action

Hydroxyurea is converted to a free radical nitroxide (NO) in vivo, and transported by diffusion into cells where it quenches the tyrosyl free radical at the active site of the M2 protein subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, inactivating the enzyme. The entire replicase complex, including ribonucleotide reductase, is inactivated and DNA synthesis is selectively inhibited, producing cell death in S phase and synchronization of the fraction of cells that survive. Repair of DNA damaged by chemicals or irradiation is also inhibited by hydroxyurea, offering potential synergy between hydroxyurea and radiation or alkylating agents. Hydroxyurea also increases the level of fetal hemoglobin, leading to a reduction in the incidence of vasoocclusive crises in sickle cell anemia. Levels of fetal hemoglobin increase in response to activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) by hydroxyurea-derived NO.

The precise mechanism by which hydroxyurea produces its antineoplastic effects cannot, at present, be described. However, the reports of various studies in rat and human tissue cultures lend support to the hypothesis that hydroxyurea causes an immediate inhibition of DNA synthesis, by acting as a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, without interfering with the synthesis of ribonucleic acid or of protein. Hydroxyurea probably acts by decreasing the rate of conversion of ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides. This effect is particularly apparent in cells with a high rate of proliferation.⁹

Three mechanisms have been postulated for the potentiation of the therapeutic effects of irradiation by hydroxyurea on squamous cell (epidermoid) carcinomas of the head and neck. In vitro studies utilizing Chinese hamster cells suggest that hydroxyurea is lethal to normally radioresistant S-stage cells and holds other cells of the cell cycle in the G1 or pre-DNA synthesis stage where they are most susceptible to the effects of irradiation. The third mechanism of action has been theorized on the basis of in vitro studies of HeLa cells: it appears that hydroxyurea, by inhibition of DNA synthesis, hinders the normal repair process of cells damaged but not killed by irradiation, thereby decreasing their survival rate; there is no alteration of RNA and protein syntheses.⁹

Another proposed mechanism of action of hydroxyurea is the elevation of HbF concentrations in Sickle Cell Disease patients. HbF interferes with the polymerization of HbS (sickle haemoglobin) and thus impedes the sickling of red blood cell. Recently, hydroxyurea has shown to be associated with the generation of nitric oxide, suggesting that nitric oxide stimulates cyclic guanosine monophosphates (cGMP) production, which then activates a protein kinase and increases the production of HbF. Other known pharmacological effects of hydroxycarbamide which may contribute to its beneficial effects in Sickle Cell Disease include decrease of neutrophils, improved deformability of sickled cells, and altered adhesion of red blood cells to the endothelium.⁸

Target	Actions	Organism
ARibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	inhibitor	Humans

Absorption

After oral administration hydroxyurea is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 2 hours and by 24 hours the serum concentrations are virtually zero. Bioavailability is complete or nearly complete in cancer patients.⁸

After oral administration of 20 mg/kg of hydroxyurea, a rapid absorption is observed with peak plasma levels of about 30 mg/L occurring after 0.75 and 1.2 h in children and adult patients with sickle cell syndrome, respectively. The total exposure up to 24 h post-dose is 124 mg.h/L in children and adolescents and 135 mg.h/L in adult patients. The oral bioavailability of hydroxyurea is almost complete as assessed in indications other than sickle cell syndrome.¹⁰

In a comparative bioavailability study in healthy adult volunteers (n=28), 500 mg of hydroxyurea oral solution was demonstrated to be bioequivalent to the reference 500 mg capsule, with respect to both the peak concentration and area under the curve. There was a statistically significant reduction in time to peak concentration with hydroxyurea oral solution compared to the reference 500 mg capsule (0.5 versus 0.75 hours, p = 0.0467), indicating a faster rate of absorption.[L47137

In a study of children with Sickle Cell Disease, liquid and capsule formulations resulted in similar area under the curve, peak concentrations, and half-life. The largest difference in the pharmacokinetic profile was a trend towards a shorter time to peak concentration following ingestion of the liquid compared with the capsule, but that difference did not reach statistical significance (0.74 versus 0.97 hours, p = 0.14).⁸

Volume of distribution

Hydroxyurea distributes rapidly throughout the human body, enters the cerebrospinal fluid, appears in peritoneal fluid and ascites, and concentrates in leukocytes and erythrocytes. The estimated volume of distribution of hydroxycarbamide approximates total body water. The volume of distribution following oral dosing of hydroxycarbamide is approximately equal to total body water: adult values of 0.48 – 0.90 L/kg have been reported, whilst in children a population estimate of 0.7 L/kg has been reported.⁸

Protein binding

The extent of protein binding of hydroxyurea is unknown.⁸

Metabolism

Up to 60% of an oral dose undergoes conversion through saturable hepatic metabolism and a minor pathway of degradation to acetohydroxamic acid by urease found in intestinal bacteria.^6,9

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

• Hydroxyurea
  • Ammonia + Carbon dioxide + Hydroxylamine

Route of elimination

A significant fraction of hydroxycarbamide is eliminated by nonrenal (mainly hepatic) mechanisms. In adults, the urinary recovery of unchanged drug is reported to be approximately 37% of the oral dose when renal function is normal. In children, the fraction of hydroxyurea excreted unchanged into the urine comprised about 50%.⁸

Half-life

In adult cancer patients, hydroxyurea was eliminated with a half-life of approximately 2-3 hours. In a single-dose study in children with Sickle Cell Disease, the mean half-life was reported to be 1.7 hours.⁸

Clearance

The total body clearance of hydroxyurea in adult patients with Sickle Cell Disease is 0.17 L/h/kg. The respective value in children was similar, 0.22 L/h/kg.⁸

Adverse Effects

Improve decision support & research outcomes

With structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!

See the data

Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.

See a data sample

Toxicity

Oral, mouse: LD₅₀ = 7330 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD₅₀ = 5760 mg/kg Teratogenicity: Teratogenic effects have occurred in experimental animals.Hydroxyurea use during a small number of human pregnancies has been reported. Adverse effects have not been observed in any of the exposed newborns. Reproductive Effects: Adverse reproductive effects have occurred in experimental animals. Mutagenicity: Mutagenic effects have occurred in experimental animals.Mutagenic effects have occurred in humans.

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

• Approved
• Vet approved
• Nutraceutical
• Illicit
• Withdrawn
• Investigational
• Experimental
• All Drugs

Drug	Interaction
Integrate drug-drug interactions in your software
Abatacept	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydroxyurea is combined with Abatacept.
Abciximab	The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Hydroxyurea.
Acenocoumarol	The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Acenocoumarol is combined with Hydroxyurea.
Acetaminophen	The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Acetaminophen is combined with Hydroxyurea.
Acetylsalicylic acid	The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Acetylsalicylic acid is combined with Hydroxyurea.
Adalimumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adalimumab is combined with Hydroxyurea.
Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live	The risk or severity of infection can be increased when Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live is combined with Hydroxyurea.
Aldesleukin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aldesleukin is combined with Hydroxyurea.
Alefacept	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alefacept is combined with Hydroxyurea.
Alemtuzumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alemtuzumab is combined with Hydroxyurea.

Identify potential medication risks

Easily compare up to 40 drugs with our drug interaction checker.

Get severity rating, description, and management advice.

Learn more

Food Interactions

• Drink plenty of fluids. Drinking extra fluids will help pass more urine to prevent kidney problems and keep the kidneys working well.

Products

Drug product information from 10+ global regions

Our datasets provide approved product information including:
dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.

Access now

Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.

Access now

Product Images

International/Other Brands

Litalir (Bristol-Myers Squibb) / Onco-Carbide (Teofarma)

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Droxia	Capsule	400 mg/1	Oral	E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.	2009-06-01	2025-05-31
Droxia	Capsule	300 mg/1	Oral	H2-Pharma LLC	2009-06-01	Not applicable
Droxia	Capsule	400 mg/1	Oral	H2-Pharma LLC	2009-06-01	Not applicable
Droxia	Capsule	200 mg/1	Oral	E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.	2009-06-01	2025-03-31
Droxia	Capsule	200 mg/1	Oral	H2-Pharma LLC	2009-06-01	Not applicable
Droxia	Capsule	300 mg/1	Oral	E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.	2009-06-01	2025-05-31
Hydrea	Capsule	500 mg/1	Oral	H2-Pharma LLC	2009-06-01	Not applicable
Hydrea	Capsule	500 mg/1	Oral	E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.	2009-06-01	2025-03-31
Hydrea	Capsule	500 mg	Oral	Cheplapharm Arzneimittel Gmbh	1979-12-31	Not applicable
Hydroxyurea	Capsule	500 mg	Oral	Sanis Health Inc	2010-02-25	2017-07-31

Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Apo-hydroxyurea	Capsule	500 mg	Oral	Apotex Corporation	2003-10-22	Not applicable
Hydroxyurea	Capsule	500 mg/1	Oral	American Health Packaging	2008-09-17	Not applicable
Hydroxyurea	Capsule	500 mg/1	Oral	Cardinal Health 107, LLC	2008-08-12	Not applicable
Hydroxyurea	Capsule	500 mg/1	Oral	REMEDYREPACK INC.	2023-01-10	Not applicable
Hydroxyurea	Capsule	500 mg/1	Oral	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2003-04-11	Not applicable
Hydroxyurea	Capsule	500 mg/1	Oral	Golden State Medical Supply, Inc.	1999-02-24	2024-12-31
Hydroxyurea	Capsule	500 mg/1	Oral	Marlex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2022-01-28	Not applicable
Hydroxyurea	Capsule	500 mg/1	Oral	Leading Pharma, Llc	2020-07-09	Not applicable
Hydroxyurea	Capsule	500 mg/1	Oral	AvKARE	2013-07-23	Not applicable
Hydroxyurea	Capsule	500 mg/1	Oral	REMEDYREPACK INC.	2017-12-20	Not applicable

Categories

ATC Codes

L01XX05 — Hydroxycarbamide

• L01XX — Other antineoplastic agents
• L01X — OTHER ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS
• L01 — ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS
• L — ANTINEOPLASTIC AND IMMUNOMODULATING AGENTS

Drug Categories

• Amides
• Antineoplastic Agents
• Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents
• Antisickling Agents
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
• Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
• Enzyme Inhibitors
• Hematologic Agents
• Immunosuppressive Agents
• Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents
• Myelosuppressive Agents
• Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs
• Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
• OATP1B1/SLCO1B1 Substrates

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Description

This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboximidic acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing a carboximidic group, with the general formula R-C(=NR1)OR2.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboximidic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Not Available

Direct Parent

Carboximidic acids and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Organopnictogen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Imines / Hydrocarbon derivatives

Substituents

Aliphatic acyclic compound / Carboximidic acid derivative / Hydrocarbon derivative / Imine / Organic nitrogen compound / Organic oxygen compound / Organonitrogen compound / Organooxygen compound / Organopnictogen compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

one-carbon compound, ureas (CHEBI:44423) / a small molecule (HYDROXY-UREA)

Affected organisms

• Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII

X6Q56QN5QC

CAS number

127-07-1

InChI Key

VSNHCAURESNICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/CH4N2O2/c2-1(4)3-5/h5H,(H3,2,3,4)

IUPAC Name

hydroxyurea

SMILES

NC(=O)NO

References

Synthesis Reference

Dee W. Brooks, Andrew O. Stewart, Richard A. Craig, "Substituted aryl- and heteroarylalkenyl-N-hydroxyurea inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis." U.S. Patent US5506261, issued October, 1990.

US5506261

General References

1. Ferrari A, Carobbio A, Masciulli A, Ghirardi A, Finazzi G, De Stefano V, Vannucchi AM, Barbui T: Clinical outcomes under hydroxyurea treatment in polycythemia vera: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Haematologica. 2019 Dec;104(12):2391-2399. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2019.221234. Epub 2019 May 23. [Article]
2. Cortelazzo S, Finazzi G, Ruggeri M, Vestri O, Galli M, Rodeghiero F, Barbui T: Hydroxyurea for patients with essential thrombocythemia and a high risk of thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 1995 Apr 27;332(17):1132-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199504273321704. [Article]
3. Kim MS, Yu DW, Jung YJ, Kim SW, Chang CH, Kim OL: Long-term follow-up result of hydroxyurea chemotherapy for recurrent meningiomas. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2012 Dec;52(6):517-22. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2012.52.6.517. Epub 2012 Dec 31. [Article]
4. Klion A: Hypereosinophilic syndrome: approach to treatment in the era of precision medicine. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2018 Nov 30;2018(1):326-331. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.326. [Article]
5. DailyMed Label: SIKLOS (hydroxyurea) tablets, for oral use [Link]
6. FDA Approved Drug Products: DROXIA (hydroxyurea) capsules, for oral use [Link]
7. FDA Approved Drug Products: SIKLOS (hydroxyurea) tablets, for oral use [Link]
8. EMA Approved Drug Products: Xromi (hydroxycarbamide) solution for oral use [Link]
9. Health Canada Approved Drug Proucts: APO-HYDROXYUREA (Hydroxyurea) capsules for oral use [Link]
10. EMA Approved Drug Products: Siklos (hydroxycarbamide) solution for oral use [Link]
11. Dailymed Label: HYDREA (hydroxyurea) capsule, for oral use [Link]

External Links

Human Metabolome Database

HMDB0015140

KEGG Drug

D00341

KEGG Compound

C07044

PubChem Compound

3657

PubChem Substance

46506927

ChemSpider

3530

BindingDB

50017811

RxNav

5552

ChEBI

44423

ChEMBL

CHEMBL467

ZINC

ZINC000008034120

Therapeutic Targets Database

DAP000739

PharmGKB

PA449942

PDBe Ligand

NHY

RxList

RxList Drug Page

Drugs.com

Drugs.com Drug Page

Wikipedia

Hydroxycarbamide

PDB Entries

2geh / 3ub9

MSDS

Download (75.1 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Completed	Other	Renal Function Disorder / Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Drepanocytic Men Treated by Hydroxyurea for the First Time	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Sickle Cell Anemia / Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Thrombocythemia, Hemorrhagic	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Polycythemia Vera (PV)	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Sickle Cell Anemia	1
3	Active Not Recruiting	Prevention	Sickle Cell Anemia in Children	1
3	Completed	Not Available	Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

• Bristol myers squibb co
• Barr laboratories inc
• Duramed pharmaceuticals inc sub barr laboratories inc
• Par pharmaceutical inc
• Roxane laboratories inc
• Hospira inc

Packagers

• Amerisource Health Services Corp.
• Barr Pharmaceuticals
• Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
• Dispensing Solutions
• Duramed
• E.R. Squibb and Sons LLC
• Kaiser Foundation Hospital
• Liberty Pharmaceuticals
• Major Pharmaceuticals
• Medisca Inc.
• MGI Pharma
• Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
• Par Pharmaceuticals
• Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc.
• Physicians Total Care Inc.
• Qualitest
• Roxane Labs
• United Research Laboratories Inc.

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Capsule	Oral	200 mg/1
Capsule	Oral	300 mg/1
Capsule	Oral	400 mg/1
Capsule	Oral	500 mg
Capsule	Oral	500.00 mg
Tablet, film coated	Oral	100 mg
Tablet, film coated	Oral	1000 mg
Capsule	Oral	500 mg/1
Capsule	Oral
Tablet, film coated	Oral
Tablet, film coated	Oral	100 mg/1
Tablet, film coated	Oral	1000 mg/1
Solution	Oral	100 mg/ml

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Hydroxyurea powder	2.75USD	g
Hydrea 500 mg capsule	1.49USD	capsule
Droxia 400 mg capsule	0.97USD	capsule
Droxia 300 mg capsule	0.94USD	capsule
Droxia 200 mg capsule	0.91USD	capsule
Hydroxyurea 500 mg capsule	0.9USD	capsule

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	133-136	U.S. Patent 2,705,727.
water solubility	1E+006 mg/L (at 25 °C)	MERCK INDEX (1996)
logP	-1.80	HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
logS	1.12	ADME Research, USCD

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	269.0 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	-1.8	ALOGPS
logP	-1.4	Chemaxon
logS	0.55	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	10.14	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-4.9	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	0	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	2	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	75.35 Å2	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	Chemaxon
Refractivity	14.91 m3·mol-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	5.94 Å3	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	0	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	No	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	No	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	+	0.9154
Blood Brain Barrier	+	0.9382
Caco-2 permeable	-	0.7235
P-glycoprotein substrate	Non-substrate	0.8437
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.9736
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.9946
Renal organic cation transporter	Non-inhibitor	0.9697
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8063
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8363
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Non-substrate	0.7784
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Non-inhibitor	0.9045
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9077
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.927
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9026
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9072
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.9778
Ames test	AMES toxic	0.8685
Carcinogenicity	Non-carcinogens	0.6129
Biodegradation	Not ready biodegradable	0.7305
Rat acute toxicity	1.1524 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.9846
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Non-inhibitor	0.9715

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)	GC-MS	splash10-0059-3950000000-0418fbb00ea645e9e0ce
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS	Not Available
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	GC-MS	splash10-0059-3950000000-0418fbb00ea645e9e0ce
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF	GC-MS	splash10-0002-0920000000-be691e1a11d76d687cc5
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-03di-9000000000-15e079ef519fdae75dab
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-03di-9000000000-f39d1396b2b03d5846c8
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-01ox-9000000000-b5fb6577ca88b375ebea
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0006-9000000000-6093ebde62cb84552dd0

Targets

Build, predict & validate machine-learning models

Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.

Learn more

Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.

Learn more

Details1. Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Yes

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptor

Specific Function

Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides.

Gene Name

RRM1

Uniprot ID

P23921

Uniprot Name

Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit

Molecular Weight

90069.375 Da

References

1. Culligan K, Tissier A, Britt A: ATR regulates a G2-phase cell-cycle checkpoint in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell. 2004 May;16(5):1091-104. Epub 2004 Apr 9. [Article]
2. Zhou B, Liu X, Mo X, Xue L, Darwish D, Qiu W, Shih J, Hwu EB, Luh F, Yen Y: The human ribonucleotide reductase subunit hRRM2 complements p53R2 in response to UV-induced DNA repair in cells with mutant p53. Cancer Res. 2003 Oct 15;63(20):6583-94. [Article]
3. Jiang W, Xie J, Varano PT, Krebs C, Bollinger JM Jr: Two distinct mechanisms of inactivation of the class Ic ribonucleotide reductase from Chlamydia trachomatis by hydroxyurea: implications for the protein gating of intersubunit electron transfer. Biochemistry. 2010 Jun 29;49(25):5340-9. doi: 10.1021/bi100037b. [Article]
4. Davies BW, Kohanski MA, Simmons LA, Winkler JA, Collins JJ, Walker GC: Hydroxyurea induces hydroxyl radical-mediated cell death in Escherichia coli. Mol Cell. 2009 Dec 11;36(5):845-60. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.11.024. [Article]

×

Identify potential medication risks

Easily compare up to 40 drugs with our drug interaction checker.

Get severity rating, description, and management advice.

Learn more

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at December 01, 2023 08:05