Micafungin

Identification

Summary

Micafungin is an antifungal agent used for the treatment of candidemia, acute disseminated candidiasis, and certain other invasive Candida infections, and for the prophylaxis of Candida infections during stem cell transplantation.

Brand Names
Mycamine
Generic Name
Micafungin
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01141
Background

Micafungin is an antifungal drug. It belongs to the antifungal class of compounds known as echinocandins and exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 1270.274
Monoisotopic: 1269.438350313
Chemical Formula
C56H71N9O23S
Synonyms
  • Micafungin
  • Micafungina
External IDs
  • FK-463

Pharmacology

Indication

Indicated for the treatment of candidemia, acute disseminated candidiasis, and certain other invasive Candida infections, as well as esophageal candidiasis, and prophylaxis of Candida infections in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Micafungin is also used as an alternative for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiases and has been used with some success as primary or salvage therapy, alone or in combination with other antifungals, for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis.

Indicated for the prophylaxis of Candida infections in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Reduce drug development failure rates
Build, train, & validate machine-learning models
with evidence-based and structured datasets.
See how
Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.
See how
Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofAbscesses•••••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofAbscesses•••••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofAbscesses•••••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofAbscesses••••••••••••
Treatment ofAspergillosis••• •••••••• ••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events Today
Tap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.
Learn more
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
Learn more
Pharmacodynamics

Formerly known as FK463, micafungin is a semisynthetic lipopeptide synthesized from a fermentation product of Coleophoma empetri that works as an antifungal agent. It is a glucan synthesis inhibitor of the echinocandin structural class. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved micafungin in March 2005. Micafungin inhibits an enzyme essential for fungal cell-wall synthesis. Depending on its concentration, micafungin may be fungicidal against some Candida, but is usually fungistatic against Apergillus. Micafungin can be used concomitantly with a variety of other drugs, including the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir and the transplant medications cyclosporine and tacrolimus.

Mechanism of action

Micafungin inhibits the synthesis of beta-1,3-D-glucan, an essential component of fungal cell walls which is not present in mammalian cells. It does this by inhibiting beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase.

TargetActionsOrganism
A1,3-beta-glucan synthase component FKS1
inhibitor
Aspergillus niger (strain CBS 513.88 / FGSC A1513)
Absorption

Not absorbed orally

Volume of distribution
  • 0.39 ± 0.11 L/kg [adult patients with esophageal candidiasis]
Protein binding

Highly (>99%) protein bound in vitro, independent of plasma concentrations over the range of 10 to 100 µg/mL. The primary binding protein is albumin; however, micafungin, at therapeutically relevant concentrations, does not competitively displace bilirubin binding to albumin. Micafungin also binds to a lesser extent to a1-acid-glycoprotein.

Metabolism

Micafungin is metabolized to M-1 (catechol form) by arylsulfatase, with further metabolism to M-2 (methoxy form) by catechol-O-methyltransferase. M-5 is formed by hydroxylation at the side chain (w-1 position) of micafungin catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes. Even though micafungin is a substrate for and a weak inhibitor of CYP3A in vitro, hydroxylation by CYP3A is not a major pathway for micafungin metabolism in vivo.

Route of elimination

Fecal excretion is the major route of elimination (total radioactivity at 28 days was 71% of the administered dose).

Half-life

14-17 hours

Clearance
  • 0.359 +/- 0.179 mL/min/kg [Adult Patients with IC with 100 mg]
  • 0.321 +/- 0.098 mL/min/kg [HIV- Positive Patients with EC with 50 mg]
  • 0.327 +/- 0.093 mL/min/kg [HIV- Positive Patients with EC with 100 mg]
  • 0.340 +/- 0.092 mL/min/kg [HIV- Positive Patients with EC with 150 mg]
  • 0.214 +/- 0.031 mL/min/kg [hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients 3 mg/kg]
  • 0.204 +/- 0.036 mL/min/kg [hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients 4 mg/kg]
  • 0.224 +/- 0.064 mL/min/kg [hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients 6 mg/kg]
  • 0.223 +/- 0.081 mL/min/kg [hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients 8 mg/kg]
Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomes
With structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!
See the data
Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
See a data sample
Toxicity

Intravenous LD50 in rats is 125mg/kg. In dogs it is >200mg/kg. No cases of overdosage have been reported. Repeated daily doses up to 8 mg/kg (maximum total dose of 896 mg) in adult patients have been administered in clinical trials with no reported dose-limiting toxicity. The minimum lethal dose is 125 mg/kg in rats, equivalent to 8.1 times the recommended human clinical dose for esophageal candidiasis based on body surface area comparisons.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AcenocoumarolThe therapeutic efficacy of Acenocoumarol can be increased when used in combination with Micafungin.
DicoumarolThe therapeutic efficacy of Dicoumarol can be increased when used in combination with Micafungin.
EntacaponeThe metabolism of Micafungin can be decreased when combined with Entacapone.
FluindioneThe therapeutic efficacy of Fluindione can be increased when used in combination with Micafungin.
OpicaponeThe metabolism of Micafungin can be decreased when combined with Opicapone.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

Drug product information from 10+ global regions
Our datasets provide approved product information including:
dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.
Access now
Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
Access now
Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Micafungin sodiumIS1UP79R56208538-73-2KOOAFHGJVIVFMZ-WZPXRXMFSA-M
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
MicafunginInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution20 mg/1mLIntravenousPar Pharmaceutical, Inc.2021-08-01Not applicableUS flag
MicafunginInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution10 mg/1mLIntravenousPar Pharmaceutical, Inc.2021-08-01Not applicableUS flag
Micafungin for InjectionPowder, for solution100 mg / vialIntravenousAccord Healthcare IncNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Micafungin for InjectionPowder, for solution50 mg / vialIntravenousAccord Healthcare IncNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Micafungin in Sodium ChlorideInjection100 mg/100mLIntravenousBaxter Healthcare Corporation2023-09-29Not applicableUS flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
MicafunginInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution20 mg/1mLIntravenousApotex Corp.2021-02-122024-07-31US flag
MicafunginInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution20 mg/1mLIntravenousNorthstar Rx Llc.2022-11-01Not applicableUS flag
MicafunginInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution50 mg/1IntravenousFresenius Kabi USA, LLC2020-05-08Not applicableUS flag
MicafunginInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution50 mg/5mLIntravenousMeitheal Pharmaceuticals Inc.2022-09-28Not applicableUS flag
MicafunginInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution10 mg/1mLIntravenousHikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.2021-07-09Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
J02AX05 — Micafungin
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as oligopeptides. These are organic compounds containing a sequence of between three and ten alpha-amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic acids and derivatives
Class
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub Class
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct Parent
Oligopeptides
Alternative Parents
Cyclic peptides / Macrolactams / N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives / Phenylsulfates / Benzamides / Benzoyl derivatives / Phenoxy compounds / Phenol ethers / Alkyl aryl ethers / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids
show 19 more
Substituents
1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / Alcohol / Alkanolamine / Alkyl aryl ether / Alpha-amino acid or derivatives / Alpha-oligopeptide / Aromatic alcohol / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Arylsulfate / Azacycle
show 40 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
antibiotic antifungal drug, echinocandin (CHEBI:600520)
Affected organisms
  • Aspergillis, Candida and other fungi

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
R10H71BSWG
CAS number
235114-32-6
InChI Key
PIEUQSKUWLMALL-YABMTYFHSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C56H71N9O23S/c1-4-5-6-17-86-32-14-11-28(12-15-32)39-21-33(63-87-39)27-7-9-29(10-8-27)49(75)58-34-20-38(70)52(78)62-54(80)45-46(72)25(2)23-65(45)56(82)43(37(69)22-41(57)71)60-53(79)44(48(74)47(73)30-13-16-36(68)40(18-30)88-89(83,84)85)61-51(77)35-19-31(67)24-64(35)55(81)42(26(3)66)59-50(34)76/h7-16,18,21,25-26,31,34-35,37-38,42-48,52,66-70,72-74,78H,4-6,17,19-20,22-24H2,1-3H3,(H2,57,71)(H,58,75)(H,59,76)(H,60,79)(H,61,77)(H,62,80)(H,83,84,85)/t25-,26+,31+,34-,35-,37+,38+,42-,43-,44-,45-,46-,47-,48-,52+/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
{5-[(1S,2S)-2-[(3S,6S,9S,11R,15S,18S,20R,21R,24S,25S,26S)-3-[(1R)-2-carbamoyl-1-hydroxyethyl]-11,20,21,25-tetrahydroxy-15-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-26-methyl-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-18-(4-{5-[4-(pentyloxy)phenyl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}benzamido)-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexaazatricyclo[22.3.0.0^{9,13}]heptacosan-6-yl]-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2-hydroxyphenyl}oxidanesulfonic acid
SMILES
CCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC(=NO1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)N[C@H]1C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)CN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2C[C@@H](O)CN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C1=CC(OS(O)(=O)=O)=C(O)C=C1)[C@H](O)CC(N)=O

References

General References
  1. Grover ND: Echinocandins: A ray of hope in antifungal drug therapy. Indian J Pharmacol. 2010 Feb;42(1):9-11. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.62396. [Article]
  2. Bormann AM, Morrison VA: Review of the pharmacology and clinical studies of micafungin. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2009 Dec 29;3:295-302. [Article]
  3. Vehreschild JJ, Cornely OA: Micafungin sodium, the second of the echinocandin class of antifungals: theory and practice. Future Microbiol. 2006 Aug;1(2):161-70. [Article]
  4. Groll AH, Stergiopoulou T, Roilides E, Walsh TJ: Micafungin: pharmacology, experimental therapeutics and clinical applications. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2005 Apr;14(4):489-509. [Article]
  5. Chandrasekar PH, Sobel JD: Micafungin: a new echinocandin. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Apr 15;42(8):1171-8. Epub 2006 Mar 14. [Article]
  6. Wiederhold NP, Lewis JS 2nd: The echinocandin micafungin: a review of the pharmacology, spectrum of activity, clinical efficacy and safety. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Jun;8(8):1155-66. [Article]
  7. Ikeda F, Tanaka S, Ohki H, Matsumoto S, Maki K, Katashima M, Barrett D, Aoki Y: Role of micafungin in the antifungal armamentarium. Curr Med Chem. 2007;14(11):1263-75. [Article]
  8. Sucher AJ, Chahine EB, Balcer HE: Echinocandins: the newest class of antifungals. Ann Pharmacother. 2009 Oct;43(10):1647-57. doi: 10.1345/aph.1M237. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [Article]
  9. Morris MI, Villmann M: Echinocandins in the management of invasive fungal infections, part 1. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2006 Sep 15;63(18):1693-703. [Article]
  10. Morris MI, Villmann M: Echinocandins in the management of invasive fungal infections, Part 2. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2006 Oct 1;63(19):1813-20. [Article]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0015272
KEGG Drug
D02465
KEGG Compound
C15819
PubChem Compound
477468
PubChem Substance
46508208
ChemSpider
419105
BindingDB
50478216
RxNav
325887
ChEBI
600520
ChEMBL
CHEMBL457547
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000548
PharmGKB
PA164781026
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Micafungin
FDA label
Download (139 KB)
MSDS
Download (84.3 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedBasic ScienceObesity, Morbid1
4CompletedOtherInvasive Candidiasis1
4CompletedTreatmentAcute Myeloid Leukemia / Myelodysplastic Syndrome1
4CompletedTreatmentCandida Sepsis1
4CompletedTreatmentCandidemia1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
  • Astellas Pharma Inc.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous100 mg/5mL
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous100 mg/1
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous50 mg/5mL
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous50 mg/1
InjectionIntravenous100 mg/100mL
InjectionIntravenous150 mg/150mL
InjectionIntravenous50 mg/50mL
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral
Injection, powder, for solution100 MG
Injection, powder, for solution50 MG
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral100 MG
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral50 MG
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous100 mg
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous50 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous100 MG
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous50 MG
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous10 mg/1mL
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous20 mg/1mL
Powder, for solutionIntravenous100 mg / vial
Powder, for solutionIntravenous50 mg / vial
InjectionParenteral100 mg
InjectionParenteral50 mg
Powder, for solutionIntravenous
Powder50 mg/1vial
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous50 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Mycamine 100 mg vial224.4USD vial
Mycamine 50 mg vial112.2USD vial
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US5376634No1994-12-272011-12-27US flag
CA2202058No2007-11-062015-09-29Canada flag
CA2044746No2001-08-072011-06-17Canada flag
US6107458No2000-08-222019-03-16US flag
US6265536No2001-07-242015-09-29US flag
US6774104Yes2004-08-102021-07-08US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
water solubilityFreely soluble as sodium salt (> 200mg/mL)Not Available
logP-1.5Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.218 mg/mLALOGPS
logP0.67ALOGPS
logP-6.3Chemaxon
logS-3.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)-2.2Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.6Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count22Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count16Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area510.14 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count18Chemaxon
Refractivity303.07 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability128.66 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings7Chemaxon
Bioavailability0Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.8383
Blood Brain Barrier-0.8524
Caco-2 permeable-0.6464
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.7906
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.6752
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9279
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.9428
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8485
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.7911
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.5853
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.7414
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7017
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8251
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.693
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorInhibitor0.5393
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.7703
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.563
CarcinogenicityCarcinogens 0.5763
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9916
Rat acute toxicity2.5651 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9686
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Inhibitor0.716
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ul0-1290000000-a32811a9a114a355fdd2
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0f89-2890000001-7e5d4a3fdb18090f81be
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0uk9-1971000001-3d7ca80df7e0f6817f88
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-03xr-2950000001-37be338059c8f5a1321c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udl-9740000002-0c4eb0d363df5420934c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001l-6930000002-47baa6516d9d789a84a9
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-313.15897
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+314.8827
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+321.21033
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Kind
Protein
Organism
Aspergillus niger (strain CBS 513.88 / FGSC A1513)
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase activity
Specific Function
Catalytic subunit of the 1,3-beta-glucan synthase. Synthesizes 1,3-beta-glucan, a major structural component of the cell wall. Involved in cell wall synthesis, maintenance and cell wall remodeling ...
Gene Name
fksA
Uniprot ID
A2QLK4
Uniprot Name
1,3-beta-glucan synthase component FKS1
Molecular Weight
216972.8 Da
References
  1. Sucher AJ, Chahine EB, Balcer HE: Echinocandins: the newest class of antifungals. Ann Pharmacother. 2009 Oct;43(10):1647-57. doi: 10.1345/aph.1M237. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [Article]
  2. Quindos G, Eraso E, Javier Carrillo-Munoz A, Canton E, Peman J: [In vitro antifungal activity of micafungin]. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2009 Mar 31;26(1):35-41. doi: 10.1016/S1130-1406(09)70006-3. Epub 2009 May 7. [Article]
  3. Morris MI, Villmann M: Echinocandins in the management of invasive fungal infections, part 1. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2006 Sep 15;63(18):1693-703. [Article]
  4. Morris MI, Villmann M: Echinocandins in the management of invasive fungal infections, Part 2. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2006 Oct 1;63(19):1813-20. [Article]
  5. Jarvis B, Figgitt DP, Scott LJ: Micafungin. Drugs. 2004;64(9):969-82; discussion 983-4. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Sulfuric ester hydrolase activity
Specific Function
Hydrolyzes cerebroside sulfate.
Gene Name
ARSA
Uniprot ID
P15289
Uniprot Name
Arylsulfatase A
Molecular Weight
53587.6 Da
References
  1. Groll AH, Stergiopoulou T, Roilides E, Walsh TJ: Micafungin: pharmacology, experimental therapeutics and clinical applications. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2005 Apr;14(4):489-509. [Article]
  2. Wiederhold NP, Lewis JS 2nd: The echinocandin micafungin: a review of the pharmacology, spectrum of activity, clinical efficacy and safety. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Jun;8(8):1155-66. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
O-methyltransferase activity
Specific Function
Catalyzes the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. Also shortens the biological half-lives of certain neuroactive drugs, like L-DOP...
Gene Name
COMT
Uniprot ID
P21964
Uniprot Name
Catechol O-methyltransferase
Molecular Weight
30036.77 Da
References
  1. Groll AH, Stergiopoulou T, Roilides E, Walsh TJ: Micafungin: pharmacology, experimental therapeutics and clinical applications. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2005 Apr;14(4):489-509. [Article]
  2. Wiederhold NP, Lewis JS 2nd: The echinocandin micafungin: a review of the pharmacology, spectrum of activity, clinical efficacy and safety. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Jun;8(8):1155-66. [Article]
  3. Julius JM, Gaikwad A, Lowry A, Lewis RE, Lozano RD, Dalrymple JL, Coleman RL, Smith JA: Defining the role of echinocandin catechol functional groups in the development of secondary hepatocellular carcinoma. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012 Feb;67(2):422-9. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr494. Epub 2011 Nov 30. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48