RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase

Details

Name
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase
Synonyms
  • 2.7.11.1
  • PKB
  • PKB alpha
  • Protein kinase B
  • Protein kinase B alpha
  • Proto-oncogene c-Akt
  • RAC
  • RAC-PK-alpha
Gene Name
AKT1
UniProtKB Entry
P31749Swiss-Prot
Organism
Humans
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0000853|RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase
MSDVAIVKEGWLHKRGEYIKTWRPRYFLLKNDGTFIGYKERPQDVDQREAPLNNFSVAQC
QLMKTERPRPNTFIIRCLQWTTVIERTFHVETPEEREEWTTAIQTVADGLKKQEEEEMDF
RSGSPSDNSGAEEMEVSLAKPKHRVTMNEFEYLKLLGKGTFGKVILVKEKATGRYYAMKI
LKKEVIVAKDEVAHTLTENRVLQNSRHPFLTALKYSFQTHDRLCFVMEYANGGELFFHLS
RERVFSEDRARFYGAEIVSALDYLHSEKNVVYRDLKLENLMLDKDGHIKITDFGLCKEGI
KDGATMKTFCGTPEYLAPEVLEDNDYGRAVDWWGLGVVMYEMMCGRLPFYNQDHEKLFEL
ILMEEIRFPRTLGPEAKSLLSGLLKKDPKQRLGGGSEDAKEIMQHRFFAGIVWQHVYEKK
LSPPFKPQVTSETDTRYFDEEFTAQMITITPPDQDDSMECVDSERRPHFPQFSYSASGTA
Number of residues
480
Molecular Weight
55686.035
Theoretical pI
5.96
GO Classification
Functions
calmodulin binding / potassium channel activator activity / protein homodimerization activity / protein kinase binding / protein serine kinase activity / protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity
Processes
anoikis / behavioral response to pain / canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction / cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis / cell population proliferation / cellular response to cadmium ion / cellular response to decreased oxygen levels / cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus / cellular response to peptide / cellular response to rapamycin / cellular response to reactive oxygen species / cellular response to tumor necrosis factor / cytokine-mediated signaling pathway / excitatory postsynaptic potential / fibroblast migration / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway / mammalian oogenesis stage / negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway / negative regulation of cilium assembly / negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion / negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane / negative regulation of lymphocyte migration / negative regulation of macroautophagy / negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway / negative regulation of protein binding / negative regulation of protein localization to lysosome / negative regulation of protein maturation / negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity / negative regulation of protein ubiquitination / non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction / phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction / positive regulation of cell migration / positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity / positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity / positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription / positive regulation of endothelial cell migration / positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle / positive regulation of gene expression / positive regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation / positive regulation of organ growth / positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface / positive regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum / positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane / positive regulation of protein metabolic process / positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation / positive regulation of TORC1 signaling / positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II / proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process / protein import into nucleus / regulation of apoptotic process / regulation of postsynapse organization / regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator / regulation of tRNA methylation / regulation of type B pancreatic cell development / response to growth factor / sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway / TOR signaling / virus-mediated perturbation of host defense response
Components
cell cortex / glutamatergic synapse / lamellipodium / membrane / mitochondrial intermembrane space / postsynapse / protein-containing complex
General Function
AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis (PubMed:11882383, PubMed:15526160, PubMed:15861136, PubMed:21432781, PubMed:21620960, PubMed:31204173). This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates (PubMed:11882383, PubMed:15526160, PubMed:21432781, PubMed:21620960, PubMed:31204173). Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported (PubMed:11882383, PubMed:15526160, PubMed:21432781, PubMed:21620960). AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the SLC2A4/GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface (By similarity). Phosphorylation of PTPN1 at 'Ser-50' negatively modulates its phosphatase activity preventing dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the attenuation of insulin signaling (By similarity). Phosphorylation of TBC1D4 triggers the binding of this effector to inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins, which is required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport (PubMed:11994271). AKT regulates also the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen by phosphorylating GSK3A at 'Ser-21' and GSK3B at 'Ser-9', resulting in inhibition of its kinase activity (By similarity). Phosphorylation of GSK3 isoforms by AKT is also thought to be one mechanism by which cell proliferation is driven (By similarity). AKT regulates also cell survival via the phosphorylation of MAP3K5 (apoptosis signal-related kinase) (PubMed:11154276). Phosphorylation of 'Ser-83' decreases MAP3K5 kinase activity stimulated by oxidative stress and thereby prevents apoptosis (PubMed:11154276). AKT mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating the mTORC1 signaling pathway, and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1 (PubMed:12150915, PubMed:12172553). Also regulates the mTORC1 signaling pathway by catalyzing phosphorylation of CASTOR1 and DEPDC5 (PubMed:31548394, PubMed:33594058). AKT is involved in the phosphorylation of members of the FOXO factors (Forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localization (PubMed:10358075). In particular, FOXO1 is phosphorylated at 'Thr-24', 'Ser-256' and 'Ser-319' (PubMed:10358075). FOXO3 and FOXO4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites (PubMed:10358075). AKT has an important role in the regulation of NF-kappa-B-dependent gene transcription and positively regulates the activity of CREB1 (cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response element binding protein) (PubMed:9829964). The phosphorylation of CREB1 induces the binding of accessory proteins that are necessary for the transcription of pro-survival genes such as BCL2 and MCL1 (PubMed:9829964). AKT phosphorylates 'Ser-454' on ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), thereby potentially regulating ACLY activity and fatty acid synthesis (By similarity). Activates the 3B isoform of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE3B) via phosphorylation of 'Ser-273', resulting in reduced cyclic AMP levels and inhibition of lipolysis (By similarity). Phosphorylates PIKFYVE on 'Ser-318', which results in increased PI(3)P-5 activity (By similarity). The Rho GTPase-activating protein DLC1 is another substrate and its phosphorylation is implicated in the regulation cell proliferation and cell growth (By similarity). AKT plays a role as key modulator of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway controlling the tempo of the process of newborn neurons integration during adult neurogenesis, including correct neuron positioning, dendritic development and synapse formation (By similarity). Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI(3)K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) (PubMed:12176338, PubMed:12964941). AKT mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I (By similarity). Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly (PubMed:19934221). May be involved in the regulation of the placental development (By similarity). Phosphorylates STK4/MST1 at 'Thr-120' and 'Thr-387' leading to inhibition of its: kinase activity, nuclear translocation, autophosphorylation and ability to phosphorylate FOXO3 (PubMed:17726016). Phosphorylates STK3/MST2 at 'Thr-117' and 'Thr-384' leading to inhibition of its: cleavage, kinase activity, autophosphorylation at Thr-180, binding to RASSF1 and nuclear translocation (PubMed:20086174, PubMed:20231902). Phosphorylates SRPK2 and enhances its kinase activity towards SRSF2 and ACIN1 and promotes its nuclear translocation (PubMed:19592491). Phosphorylates RAF1 at 'Ser-259' and negatively regulates its activity (PubMed:10576742). Phosphorylation of BAD stimulates its pro-apoptotic activity (PubMed:10926925). Phosphorylates KAT6A at 'Thr-369' and this phosphorylation inhibits the interaction of KAT6A with PML and negatively regulates its acetylation activity towards p53/TP53 (PubMed:23431171). Phosphorylates palladin (PALLD), modulating cytoskeletal organization and cell motility (PubMed:20471940). Phosphorylates prohibitin (PHB), playing an important role in cell metabolism and proliferation (PubMed:18507042). Phosphorylates CDKN1A, for which phosphorylation at 'Thr-145' induces its release from CDK2 and cytoplasmic relocalization (PubMed:16982699). These recent findings indicate that the AKT1 isoform has a more specific role in cell motility and proliferation (PubMed:16139227). Phosphorylates CLK2 thereby controlling cell survival to ionizing radiation (PubMed:20682768). Phosphorylates PCK1 at 'Ser-90', reducing the binding affinity of PCK1 to oxaloacetate and changing PCK1 into an atypical protein kinase activity using GTP as donor (PubMed:32322062). Also acts as an activator of TMEM175 potassium channel activity in response to growth factors: forms the lysoK(GF) complex together with TMEM175 and acts by promoting TMEM175 channel activation, independently of its protein kinase activity (PubMed:32228865). Acts as a regulator of mitochondrial calcium uptake by mediating phosphorylation of MICU1 in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, impairing MICU1 maturation (PubMed:30504268). Acts as an inhibitor of tRNA methylation by mediating phosphorylation of the N-terminus of METTL1, thereby inhibiting METTL1 methyltransferase activity (PubMed:15861136). In response to LPAR1 receptor pathway activation, phosphorylates Rabin8/RAB3IP which alters its activity and phosphorylates WDR44 which induces WDR44 binding to Rab11, thereby switching Rab11 vesicular function from preciliary trafficking to endocytic recycling (PubMed:31204173)
Specific Function
14-3-3 protein binding
Pfam Domain Function
Signal Regions
Not Available
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Cytoplasm
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021923|RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1)
ATGAGCGACGTGGCTATTGTGAAGGAGGGTTGGCTGCACAAACGAGGGGAGTACATCAAG
ACCTGGCGGCCACGCTACTTCCTCCTCAAGAATGATGGCACCTTCATTGGCTACAAGGAG
CGGCCGCAGGATGTGGACCAACGTGAGGCTCCCCTCAACAACTTCTCTGTGGCGCAGTGC
CAGCTGATGAAGACGGAGCGGCCCCGGCCCAACACCTTCATCATCCGCTGCCTGCAGTGG
ACCACTGTCATCGAACGCACCTTCCATGTGGAGACTCCTGAGGAGCGGGAGGAGTGGACA
ACCGCCATCCAGACTGTGGCTGACGGCCTCAAGAAGCAGGAGGAGGAGGAGATGGACTTC
CGGTCGGGCTCACCCAGTGACAACTCAGGGGCTGAAGAGATGGAGGTGTCCCTGGCCAAG
CCCAAGCACCGCGTGACCATGAACGAGTTTGAGTACCTGAAGCTGCTGGGCAAGGGCACT
TTCGGCAAGGTGATCCTGGTGAAGGAGAAGGCCACAGGCCGCTACTACGCCATGAAGATC
CTCAAGAAGGAAGTCATCGTGGCCAAGGACGAGGTGGCCCACACACTCACCGAGAACCGC
GTCCTGCAGAACTCCAGGCACCCCTTCCTCACAGCCCTGAAGTACTCTTTCCAGACCCAC
GACCGCCTCTGCTTTGTCATGGAGTACGCCAACGGGGGCGAGCTGTTCTTCCACCTGTCC
CGGGAGCGTGTGTTCTCCGAGGACCGGGCCCGCTTCTATGGCGCTGAGATTGTGTCAGCC
CTGGACTACCTGCACTCGGAGAAGAACGTGGTGTACCGGGACCTCAAGCTGGAGAACCTC
ATGCTGGACAAGGACGGGCACATTAAGATCACAGACTTCGGGCTGTGCAAGGAGGGGATC
AAGGACGGTGCCACCATGAAGACCTTTTGCGGCACACCTGAGTACCTGGCCCCCGAGGTG
CTGGAGGACAATGACTACGGCCGTGCAGTGGACTGGTGGGGGCTGGGCGTGGTCATGTAC
GAGATGATGTGCGGTCGCCTGCCCTTCTACAACCAGGACCATGAGAAGCTTTTTGAGCTC
ATCCTCATGGAGGAGATCCGCTTCCCGCGCACGCTTGGTCCCGAGGCCAAGTCCTTGCTT
TCAGGGCTGCTCAAGAAGGACCCCAAGCAGAGGCTTGGCGGGGGCTCCGAGGACGCCAAG
GAGATCATGCAGCATCGCTTCTTTGCCGGTATCGTGTGGCAGCACGTGTACGAGAAGAAG
CTCAGCCCACCCTTCAAGCCCCAGGTCACGTCGGAGACTGACACCAGGTATTTTGATGAG
GAGTTCACGGCCCAGATGATCACCATCACACCACCTGACCAAGATGACAGCATGGAGTGT
GTGGACAGCGAGCGCAGGCCCCACTTCCCCCAGTTCTCCTACTCGGCCAGCGGCACGGCC
TGA
Chromosome Location
14
Locus
14q32.33
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP31749
UniProtKB Entry NameAKT1_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID190828
GenBank Gene IDM63167
GeneCard IDAKT1
GenAtlas IDAKT1
HGNC IDHGNC:391
PDB ID(s)1H10, 1UNP, 1UNQ, 1UNR, 2UVM, 2UZR, 2UZS, 3CQU, 3CQW, 3MV5, 3MVH, 3O96, 3OCB, 3OW4, 3QKK, 3QKL, 3QKM, 4EJN, 4EKK, 4EKL, 4GV1, 5KCV, 6BUU, 6CCY, 6HHF, 6HHG, 6HHH, 6HHI, 6HHJ, 6NPZ, 6S9W, 6S9X, 7APJ, 7MYX, 7NH4, 7NH5
KEGG IDhsa:207
IUPHAR/Guide To Pharmacology ID1479
NCBI Gene ID207
General References
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Associated Data

Bio-Entities
Bio-EntityType
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (Humans)protein
primary
Drug Relations
DrugDrug groupPharmacological action?TypeActionsDetails
ATPinvestigational, nutraceuticalunknowntargetDetails
Arsenic trioxideapproved, investigationalunknowntargetinducerDetails
Inositol 1,3,4,5-TetrakisphosphateexperimentalyestargetinhibitorDetails
ArchexininvestigationalunknowntargetDetails
EnzastaurininvestigationalyestargetinhibitorDetails
PerifosineinvestigationalunknowntargetDetails
N-[2-(5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amineexperimentalunknowntargetDetails
5-(5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridineexperimentalunknowntargetDetails
GenisteininvestigationalunknowntargetDetails
ResveratrolinvestigationalunknowntargetinhibitorDetails
Capivasertibapproved, investigationalyestargetinhibitorDetails
CI-1040investigationalyestargetinhibitorDetails
A-674563experimentalyestargetinhibitorDetails
Bisindolylmaleimide IexperimentalyestargetinhibitorDetails
Tetrabromo-2-BenzotriazoleexperimentalyestargetinhibitorDetails
(2S)-1-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)-3-{[5-(3-METHYL-1H-INDAZOL-5-YL)PYRIDIN-3-YL]OXY}PROPAN-2-AMINEexperimentalyestargetinhibitorDetails
M-2698investigationalyestargetinhibitorDetails
MiransertibinvestigationalyestargetinhibitorDetails
AfuresertibinvestigationalyestargetmodulatorDetails
CMX-2043investigationalyestargetmodulatorDetails
CanertinibinvestigationalyestargetinhibitorDetails
IpatasertibinvestigationalyestargetinhibitorDetails
BMS-754807investigationalyestargetinhibitorDetails