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Hyperornithinemia with Gyrate Atrophy (HOGA)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125630DiseaseSymptoms of the disease include early cataract formation, progressive chorioretinal degeneration, and type II muscle fiber atrophy. Some cases of HOGA are vitamin B6-responsive. … Hyperornithinemia with gyrate atrophy (HOGA), also known as gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina, OAT deficiency, ornithine aminotransferase deficiency, ornithine keto acid aminotransferase deficiency
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ademetionine · Arginine · Aspartic acid · Ornithine · Adenosine phosphate +21 moreEnzymes: D-amino-acid oxidase, Low affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2Pralatrexate Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126296Drug actionIt is eliminated via the urine and has a half-life of 12-18 hours. … This transporter is responsible for moving folate that is required for DNA synthesis and replication, without the folate the cancer cells cannot rapidly replicate.
Zaleplon Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126830Drug actionFunctioning within the gamma-aminobutyric acid-benzodiazepine (GABABZ) receptor complex, it shares certain pharmacological attributes with benzodiazepines despite its distinct chemical structure. … Zaleplon, distinctly separate from benzodiazepines and other hypnotic agents, effectively addresses short-term insomnia by interacting with these receptor systems.
Enzymes: Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2GABA
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0127038PhysiologicalGamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid that serves as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord. … It is degraded by GABA-transaminase into succinate semialdehyde which then enters the citric acid cycle. GABA binds to two major post-synaptic receptors, the GABA-A and GABA-B receptors.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Glutamic acid · ATP · Calcium · Magnesium cation · Cyclic adenosine monophosphate +2 moreEnzymes: Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Raltitrexed Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126304Drug actionInhibiting thymidylate synthase stops the proliferation of cancer cells, as it stops the production and formation of purines and pyrimidines needed for DNA replication. … There are some side effects that may occur such as pale skin, trouble breathing, bleeding, bruising, fatigue, chest pains, chills, cough, fever and issues with gastrointestinal issues.
Triazolam Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126116Drug actionThese receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. … Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to BNZ1, which acts on sleep, and BNZ2, which acts on muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory.
Enzymes: Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Butalbital Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126149Drug actionButalbital, or 5-allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid, is a derivative of barbituric acid which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. … Typically indicated to manage tension (or muscle contraction) headaches, butalbital is often combined with one or more therapeutic agents, such as acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine
Enzymes: Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Ornithine Aminotransferase Deficiency (OAT Deficiency)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125629DiseaseOrnithine aminotransferase deficiency (OAT deficiency, ornithine keto acid aminotransferase deficiency, OKT deficiency, ornithine-delta-aminotransferase deficiency, gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina … Symptoms of the disease include tunnel vision, night blindness, myopia, and progressive vision loss.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ademetionine · Arginine · Aspartic acid · Ornithine · Adenosine phosphate +21 moreEnzymes: D-amino-acid oxidase, Low affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2Hyperphenylalaninemia Due to DHPR-Deficiency
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125586DiseaseWhen tetrahydrobiopterin levels drop, the breakdown of many several amino acids, such as phenylalanine, is reduced and as a result their levels in the blood augment. … One observes that such a mutation results in an error encoding a reductase enzyme, and from there a chain reaction of effects lead to the observed effects of the disease.
Enzymes: Y+L amino acid transporter 1Neuronal Dopamine Gs Cascade
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126952PhysiologicalD1 and D5 couple to Gs/olf and activate adenylyl cyclase, whereas D2, D3, and D4 couple to Gi/o and inhibit it. Most GPCRs upon activation by an agonist are phosphorylated by GPCR kinases (GRKs). … The α subunit of G protein has a GTPase activity, and once it hydrolyzes GTP to GDP, it becomes inactive.
Enzymes: Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase, D(1A) dopamine receptor