Travoprost

Identification

Summary

Travoprost is a prostaglandin analog used in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure due to open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Brand Names

Duotrav, Izba, Travatan

Generic Name

Travoprost

DrugBank Accession Number

DB00287

Background

Travoprost ophthalmic solution is a topical medication used for controlling the progression of glaucoma or ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure ^Label. It is a synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog ^Label. Having been a well-received therapeutic agent with demonstrated efficacy and safety, travoprost is currently approved by the US FDA as a first-line treatment for lowering intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypotension ⁸. Furthermore, this approval also solidifies the medication as the first and only prostaglandin analog approved by the FDA for first-line treatment of glaucoma patients that does not contain the preservative benzalkonium chloride ⁸. Moreover, travoprost is also currently approved in the EU for the decrease of elevated intraocular pressure in paediatric patients aged 2 months to < 18 years with ocular hypertension or paediatric glaucoma ^6,7.

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved

Structure

Similar Structures

Weight: Average: 500.5477
Monoisotopic: 500.238573467
Chemical Formula: C₂₆H₃₅F₃O₆

Synonyms

isopropyl (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-{(1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)oxy]-1-butenyl}cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoate
Travoprost
Travoprostum

Pharmacology

Indication

Travoprost ophthalmic solution is indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension ^10,11,6.

Travoprost is also currently indicated for the decrease of elevated intraocular pressure in paediatric patients aged 2 months to < 18 years with ocular hypertension or paediatric glaucoma ⁶.

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Associated Conditions

Increased Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP)

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Travoprost, an isopropyl ester prodrug, is a synthetic prostaglandin F2 alpha analog that is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases in the cornea to its biologically active free acid ^Label. The travoprost free acid is potent and highly selective for the FP prostanoid receptor ^Label.

Mechanism of action

Travoprost, a prostaglandin F2α analogue, is a highly selective full agonist which has a high affinity for the prostaglandin FP receptor, and facilitates reductions in intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humour via trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral pathways ^10,11,6. Reduction of the intraocular pressure in man starts about 2 hours after administration and maximum effect is reached after 12 hours. Significant lowering of intraocular pressure can be maintained for periods exceeding 24 hours with a single dose ^10,11,6.

Target	Actions	Organism
AProstaglandin F2-alpha receptor	agonist	Humans

Absorption

Travoprost is systemically absorbed through the cornea ^10,11,6. In humans, peak plasma concentrations of travoprost free acid were low (25 pg/mL or less) and occurred within 30 minutes following topical ocular administration of one drop of 0.004% travoprost ophthalmic solution ^10,11,6.

Volume of distribution

Given the data currently available, it has been recorded that travoprost free acid is moderately distributed into body tissues with a volume of distribution of 2.6 L/kg in rats ¹¹.

Protein binding

The binding of travoprost free acid to plasma proteins is moderate at 80% and linear over a 10,000-fold concentration range (0.10 - 100 ng/mL) ¹¹.

Metabolism

Travoprost, an isopropyl ester prodrug, is hydrolyzed by esterases in the cornea to its biologically active free acid ^10,11. Systemically, travoprost free acid is rapidly and extensively metabolized in the kidney, liver, and lung to inactive metabolites via beta-oxidation of the α(carboxylic acid) chain to give the 1,2-dinor and 1,2,3,4-tetranor analogs, via oxidation of the 15-hydroxyl moiety, as well as via reduction of the 13,14 double bond ^10,11.

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

Travoprost
- Travoprost Free Acid

Route of elimination

Less than 2% of the topical ocular dose of travoprost was excreted in the urine within 4 hours as the travoprost free acid ^10,11,6. Moreover, elimination from plasma is rapid, resulting in concentrations below the limit of quantitation (< 10 pg/mL) by one hour ^10,11,6.

Furthermore, in rats, 95% of a subcutaneous radiolabeled dose was eliminated within 24 hours ^10,11. The major route of elimination was via the bile (61%) with the remainder excreted by the kidneys ^10,11.

Half-life

The terminal elimination half-life of travoprost free acid is determined to be approximately 45 minutes, although studies demonstrated half-life values that ranged from 17 to 86 minutes ^10,11.

Clearance

Data regarding the clearance of travoprost is not readily available or accessible.

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

No cases of overdose have been reported for travoprost ⁶. A topical overdose is not likely to occur or to be associated with toxicity ⁶. A topical overdose of travoprost may be flushed from the eye(s) with lukewarm water ⁶. Treatment of a suspected oral ingestion is symptomatic and supportive ⁶.

Travoprost has harmful pharmacological effects on pregnancy and/or the fetus/new-born child. Travoprost should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary ⁶. The medication subsequently must not be used in women of childbearing age/potential unless adequate contraceptive measures are in place ⁶.

It is unknown whether travoprost from the eye drops is excreted in human breast milk. Animal studies have shown excretion of travoprost and metabolites in breast milk ^10,11,6. The use of travoprost by breast-feeding mothers is not recommended ⁶.

There are no data on the effects of TRAVATAN on human fertility ^10,11,6. Animal studies showed no effect of travoprost on fertility at doses more than 250 times the maximum recommended human ocular dose ⁶.

Use in patients below the age of 16 years is not recommended because of potential safety concerns related to increased pigmentation following long-term chronic use ^10,11.

No overall clinical differences in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and other adult patients ^10,11.

Travoprost has been studied in patients with mild to severe hepatic impairment and in patients with mild to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance as low as 14 ml/min) ⁶. No dosage adjustment is necessary for these patients ⁶.

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Drug	Interaction
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Acebutolol	Travoprost may increase the hypotensive activities of Acebutolol.
Aceclofenac	The therapeutic efficacy of Travoprost can be decreased when used in combination with Aceclofenac.
Acemetacin	The therapeutic efficacy of Travoprost can be decreased when used in combination with Acemetacin.
Acetylsalicylic acid	The therapeutic efficacy of Travoprost can be decreased when used in combination with Acetylsalicylic acid.
Alclofenac	The therapeutic efficacy of Travoprost can be decreased when used in combination with Alclofenac.
Aliskiren	Travoprost may increase the hypotensive activities of Aliskiren.
Ambrisentan	Travoprost may increase the hypotensive activities of Ambrisentan.
Aminophenazone	The therapeutic efficacy of Travoprost can be decreased when used in combination with Aminophenazone.
Amlodipine	Travoprost may increase the hypotensive activities of Amlodipine.
Antipyrine	The therapeutic efficacy of Travoprost can be decreased when used in combination with Antipyrine.

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Food Interactions

No interactions found.

Products

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International/Other Brands

Travo-Z

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Izba	Solution	0.003 % w/v	Ophthalmic	Novartis	2017-02-06	Not applicable
Izba	Solution	0.03 mg/1mL	Ophthalmic	Alcon, Inc.	2014-06-02	2014-06-02
Izba	Solution / drops	30 μg/ml	Ophthalmic	Novartis Europharm Limited	2016-09-08	Not applicable
Izba	Solution / drops	30 μg/ml	Ophthalmic	Novartis Europharm Limited	2016-09-08	Not applicable
Travatan	Solution / drops	40 μg/ml	Ophthalmic	Novartis Europharm Limited	2016-09-08	Not applicable
Travatan	Solution	0.004 %	Ophthalmic	Alcon, Inc.	2001-11-13	2010-11-16
Travatan	Solution	0.04 mg/1mL	Ophthalmic	Alcon, Inc.	2001-03-16	2010-07-01
Travatan	Solution / drops	40 μg/ml	Ophthalmic	Novartis Europharm Limited	2016-09-08	Not applicable
Travatan	Solution / drops	40 μg/ml	Ophthalmic	Novartis Europharm Limited	2016-09-08	Not applicable
Travatan	Solution / drops	40 μg/ml	Ophthalmic	Novartis Europharm Limited	2016-09-08	Not applicable

Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
AMOQUAL	Solution	0.040 mg	Ophthalmic	Laboratorios Grin, s.a. De c.v.	2020-03-11	Not applicable
Apo-travoprost	Solution	0.003 % w/v	Ophthalmic	Apotex Corporation	Not applicable	Not applicable
Apo-travoprost Z	Solution	0.004 % w/v	Ophthalmic	Apotex Corporation	2014-08-14	Not applicable
COLLPHATRAV	Solution	0.040 mg	Ophthalmic	Productos Farmaceuticos Collins, s.a. De c.v.	2020-04-16	Not applicable
CONVISS	Solution	0.04 mg	Ophthalmic	Pharmacos exakta,s.a. De c.v.	2017-12-20	Not applicable
FHINTRAL	Solution	40.000 mcg	Ophthalmic	Farmaceutica Hispanoamericana, s.a. De c.v.	2017-10-09	Not applicable
LOPROGAL	Solution / drops	0.040 mg	Ophthalmic	Laboratorios Vanquish, s.a. De c.v.	2017-03-10	Not applicable
Mylan-travoprost Z	Solution	0.004 % w/v	Ophthalmic	Mylan Pharmaceuticals	Not applicable	Not applicable
OSTICRO	Solution	0.040 mg	Ophthalmic		2017-03-14	Not applicable
PMS-travoprost Z	Solution	0.004 % w/v	Ophthalmic	Pharmascience Inc	Not applicable	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
AMOQUAL-G	Travoprost (0.040 mg) + Timolol maleate (6.830 mg)	Solution	Ophthalmic	Laboratorios Grin, s.a. De c.v.	2021-05-04	Not applicable
Apo-travoprost-timolol Pq	Travoprost (0.004 % w/v) + Timolol maleate (0.5 % w/v)	Solution	Ophthalmic	Apotex Corporation	Not applicable	Not applicable
Apo-travoprost-timop Pq	Travoprost (0.004 % w/v) + Timolol maleate (0.5 % w/v)	Solution	Ophthalmic	Apotex Corporation	2018-12-06	Not applicable
BIOFOCUS®	Travoprost (0.04 mg) + Timolol maleate (5 mg)	Solution	Ophthalmic	LABORATORIOS SYNTHESIS S.A.S.	2015-05-15	2016-06-23
DRASOTER-T %0.004 + %0.5 GÖZ DAMLASI, ÇÖZELTİ, 1 ADET	Travoprost (0.004 %) + Timolol (0.5 %)	Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	Deva Holding A.S.	2020-08-14	Not applicable
Duotrav	Travoprost (40 µg/ml) + Timolol maleate (5 mg/ml)	Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	Novartis Europharm Limited	2021-02-09	Not applicable
DUOTRAV	Travoprost (0.004 %) + Timolol maleate (0.68 %)	Solution	Ophthalmic		2008-09-18	Not applicable
DUOTRAV	Travoprost (0.04 mg/mL) + Timolol maleate (5 mg/mL)	Solution / drops; Suspension / drops	Ophthalmic		2017-01-01	Not applicable
Duotrav	Travoprost (40 µg/ml) + Timolol maleate (5 mg/ml)	Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	Novartis Europharm Limited	2021-02-09	Not applicable
Duotrav	Travoprost (40 µg/ml) + Timolol maleate (5 mg/ml)	Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	Novartis Europharm Limited	2021-02-09	Not applicable

Chemical Identifiers

UNII: WJ68R08KX9
CAS number: 157283-68-6
InChI Key: MKPLKVHSHYCHOC-AHTXBMBWSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C26H35F3O6/c1-17(2)35-25(33)11-6-4-3-5-10-21-22(24(32)15-23(21)31)13-12-19(30)16-34-20-9-7-8-18(14-20)26(27,28)29/h3,5,7-9,12-14,17,19,21-24,30-32H,4,6,10-11,15-16H2,1-2H3/b5-3-,13-12+/t19-,21-,22-,23+,24-/m1/s1
IUPAC Name: propan-2-yl (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]but-1-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate
SMILES: CC(C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1\C=C\[C@@H](O)COC1=CC=CC(=C1)C(F)(F)F

References

General References

Lim KS, Nau CB, O'Byrne MM, Hodge DO, Toris CB, McLaren JW, Johnson DH: Mechanism of action of bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost in healthy subjects. A crossover study. Ophthalmology. 2008 May;115(5):790-795.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.07.002. [Article]
Costagliola C, dell'Omo R, Romano MR, Rinaldi M, Zeppa L, Parmeggiani F: Pharmacotherapy of intraocular pressure - part II. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandin analogues and prostamides. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009 Dec;10(17):2859-70. doi: 10.1517/14656560903300129. [Article]
Ferrari G, Scagliotti GV: Serum and urinary vascular endothelial growth factor levels in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Eur J Cancer. 1996 Dec;32A(13):2368-9. [Article]
Toris CB, Gabelt BT, Kaufman PL: Update on the mechanism of action of topical prostaglandins for intraocular pressure reduction. Surv Ophthalmol. 2008 Nov;53 Suppl1:S107-20. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.08.010. [Article]
Arranz-Marquez E, Teus MA: Prostanoids for the management of glaucoma. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2008 Nov;7(6):801-8. doi: 10.1517/14740330802465474 . [Article]
Electronic Medicines Compendium: Travatan (travoprost) Monograph [Link]
Alcon treatment Travatan® receives EU approval for pediatric glaucoma patients: Press Release [Link]
Alcon receives FDA approval for first-line use of Travatan Z: Press Release [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Travatan Z (travoprost 0.004%) ophthalmic solution [Link]
Travatan Z (travoprost) FDA Label [File]
Travoprost Canadian Product Information [File]

External Links

Human Metabolome Database: HMDB0014432
KEGG Drug: D01964
PubChem Compound: 5282226
PubChem Substance: 46507637
ChemSpider: 4445407
BindingDB: 50248302
RxNav: 283809
ChEBI: 746859
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1200799
ZINC: ZINC000004474682
Therapeutic Targets Database: DAP000274
PharmGKB: PA164781371
RxList: RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com: Drugs.com Drug Page
PDRhealth: PDRhealth Drug Page
Wikipedia: Travoprost

FDA label

Download (36.8 KB)

MSDS

Download (72.3 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Completed	Not Available	Glaucoma	2
4	Completed	Diagnostic	Glaucoma / Ocular Hypertension	1
4	Completed	Supportive Care	Dry Eye Syndrome (DES)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Angle-Closure Glaucoma	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Anterior Uveitis (AU) / Macular Edema, Cystoid	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Application Site Pigmentation Changes / Glaucoma	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Glaucoma	12
4	Completed	Treatment	Glaucoma / Ocular Hypertension	9
4	Completed	Treatment	Glaucoma / Ocular Hypertension / Open Angle Glaucoma (OAG)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Hyperemia / Intraocular Pressure (IOP)	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Alcon inc

Packagers

Alcon Laboratories
Liberty Carton Co.
Physicians Total Care Inc.

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Solution	Conjunctival; Ophthalmic
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic
Solution	Ophthalmic	40.000 mcg
Solution	Conjunctival; Ophthalmic	0.04 mg
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic
Solution	Conjunctival; Ophthalmic	40 cg
Solution	Ophthalmic	0.003 % w/v
Solution	Ophthalmic	0.03 mg/1mL
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	30 MCG/ML
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	30 μg/ml
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	40 mcg/ml
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	0.040 mg
Solution	Ophthalmic
Solution	Ophthalmic	40.000 µg
Solution	Ophthalmic	0.004 % w/v
Liquid	Ophthalmic	0.04 mg/1ml
Solution	Ophthalmic	0.004 %
Solution	Ophthalmic	0.04 mg/1mL
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	40 μg/ml
Solution; solution / drops	Ophthalmic
Solution / drops; suspension / drops	Ophthalmic	40 UG
Solution	Ophthalmic	0.03 mg/ml
Solution	Ophthalmic	0.04 mg/ml
Solution	Ophthalmic	0.04 mg
Solution	Conjunctival; Ophthalmic	40 mcg
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	0.004 %
Solution / drops; suspension / drops	Ophthalmic	40 UG/ML
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	40 Mikrogramm/ml
Solution / drops; suspension / drops	Ophthalmic
Solution	Ophthalmic
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	40 MICROGRAMMI/ML
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	0.04 mg/1mL
Solution	Ophthalmic	0.040 mg/ml
Solution	Ophthalmic	0.040 mg
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic	0.03 mg/1ml

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Travatan 0.004% Solution 5ml Bottle	190.82USD	bottle
Travatan Z 0.004% Solution 5ml Bottle	190.82USD	bottle
Travatan 0.004% Solution 2.5ml Bottle	95.41USD	bottle
Travatan Z 0.004% Solution 2.5ml Bottle	95.41USD	bottle
Travatan 0.004% eye drop	45.87USD	ml
Travatan z 0.004% eye drop	36.7USD	ml
Travatan 0.004 % Solution	12.18USD	ml
Travatan Z 0.004 % Solution	12.18USD	ml

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
US5631287	No	1997-05-20	2014-12-22
US6503497	No	2003-01-07	2012-05-06
CA2181172	No	2003-04-29	2015-12-19
CA2129287	No	2002-05-14	2014-08-02
US8268299	No	2012-09-18	2029-10-13
US8323630	No	2012-12-04	2027-09-20
US8388941	No	2013-03-05	2027-09-20
US9144561	No	2015-09-29	2029-03-13
US8722735	No	2014-05-13	2029-10-10
US8178582	No	2012-05-15	2029-10-10
US8754123	No	2014-06-17	2029-05-19

Properties

State

Liquid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
water solubility	>16 mg/ml at 25.0°C	Not Available
logP	4.6	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.00759 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	4.02	ALOGPS
logP	3.84	Chemaxon
logS	-4.8	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	13.95	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-2.9	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	0	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	5	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	96.22 Å²	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	14	Chemaxon
Refractivity	127.86 m³·mol^-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	50.93 Å³	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	2	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	0	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	No	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	No	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	No	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	+	0.9857
Blood Brain Barrier	+	0.887
Caco-2 permeable	+	0.5
P-glycoprotein substrate	Substrate	0.5907
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.8237
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.6435
Renal organic cation transporter	Non-inhibitor	0.8856
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8327
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8383
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Substrate	0.652
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Non-inhibitor	0.728
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.7607
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9125
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.6844
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.8546
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.7657
Ames test	Non AMES toxic	0.7427
Carcinogenicity	Non-carcinogens	0.9088
Biodegradation	Not ready biodegradable	0.9726
Rat acute toxicity	3.5280 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.9744
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Non-inhibitor	0.6722

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.

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Details1. Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Agonist

General Function: Prostaglandin f receptor activity
Specific Function: Receptor for prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Initiates luteolysis...
Gene Name: PTGFR
Uniprot ID: P43088
Uniprot Name: Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor
Molecular Weight: 40054.1 Da

References

Ota T, Aihara M, Narumiya S, Araie M: The effects of prostaglandin analogues on IOP in prostanoid FP-receptor-deficient mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Nov;46(11):4159-63. [Article]
Thieme H, Schimmat C, Munzer G, Boxberger M, Fromm M, Pfeiffer N, Rosenthal R: Endothelin antagonism: effects of FP receptor agonists prostaglandin F2alpha and fluprostenol on trabecular meshwork contractility. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 Mar;47(3):938-45. [Article]
Lim KS, Nau CB, O'Byrne MM, Hodge DO, Toris CB, McLaren JW, Johnson DH: Mechanism of action of bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost in healthy subjects. A crossover study. Ophthalmology. 2008 May;115(5):790-795.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.07.002. [Article]
Neacsu AM: [Receptors involved in the mechanism of action of topical prostaglandines]. Oftalmologia. 2009;53(2):3-7. [Article]
Costagliola C, dell'Omo R, Romano MR, Rinaldi M, Zeppa L, Parmeggiani F: Pharmacotherapy of intraocular pressure - part II. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandin analogues and prostamides. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009 Dec;10(17):2859-70. doi: 10.1517/14656560903300129. [Article]
Ferrari G, Scagliotti GV: Serum and urinary vascular endothelial growth factor levels in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Eur J Cancer. 1996 Dec;32A(13):2368-9. [Article]
Toris CB, Gabelt BT, Kaufman PL: Update on the mechanism of action of topical prostaglandins for intraocular pressure reduction. Surv Ophthalmol. 2008 Nov;53 Suppl1:S107-20. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.08.010. [Article]
Arranz-Marquez E, Teus MA: Prostanoids for the management of glaucoma. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2008 Nov;7(6):801-8. doi: 10.1517/14740330802465474 . [Article]
Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at September 20, 2023 06:01

Travoprost

Identification

Structure for Travoprost (DB00287)

Pharmacology

Interactions

Products

Categories

Chemical Identifiers

References

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Properties

Spectra

Targets

References