Bexarotene

Identification

Summary

Bexarotene is a retinoid drug used for cutaneous manifestations of T-cell lymphoma in patients who have not responded well to previous systemic therapy.

Brand Names
Targretin
Generic Name
Bexarotene
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00307
Background

Bexarotene (Targretin) is an antineoplastic agent indicated by the FDA for Cutaneous T cell lymphoma. It has been used off-label for lung cancer, breast cancer, and Kaposi's sarcoma.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 348.4779
Monoisotopic: 348.20893014
Chemical Formula
C24H28O2
Synonyms
  • 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyltetralin-2-yl)ethenyl]benzoic acid
  • 4-[1-(5,6,7,8,-Tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphtalenyl)ethenyl]benzoic acid
  • Bexaroten
  • Bexarotène
  • Bexarotene
  • Bexaroteno
  • Bexarotenum
  • p-(1-(5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthyl)vinyl)benzoic acid
External IDs
  • LG 100069
  • LG-100069
  • LG100069
  • LGD 1069
  • LGD-1069
  • LGD1069

Pharmacology

Indication

Used orally for the treatment of skin manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in patients who are refractory to at least one prior systemic therapy. Also used topically for the treatment of skin lesions in early (stage IA and IB) CTCL in patients who experience refractory or persistent disease with the use of other therapies or are intolerant of other therapies.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofRefractory cutaneous t-cell lymphoma•••••••••••••••••••••• •• ••••••••••• •• ••••• •••••••
Treatment ofRefractory cutaneous t-cell lymphoma••••••••••••••••••• •• •• ••••• ••• ••••• •••••••• •••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Bexarotene is a member of a subclass of retinoids that selectively activate retinoid X receptors (RXRs). These retinoid receptors have biologic activity distinct from that of retinoic acid receptors (RARs). Bexarotene is indicated for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in patients who are refractory to at least one prior systemic therapy. Bexarotene selectively binds and activates retinoid X receptor subtypes (RXRα, RXRβ, RXRγ). RXRs can form heterodimers with various receptor partners such as retinoic acid receptors (RARs), vitamin D receptor, thyroid receptor, and peroxisome proliferator activator receptors (PPARs). Once activated, these receptors function as transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes that control cellular differentiation and proliferation. Bexarotene inhibits the growth in vitro of some tumor cell lines of hematopoietic and squamous cell origin. It also induces tumor regression in vivo in some animal models.

Mechanism of action

Bexarotene selectively binds with and activates retinoid X receptor subtypes. There are three subtypes in total: RXRα, RXRβ, RXRγ. The exact mechanism of action of bexarotene in the treatment of CTCL is unknown but the drug has activity in all clinical stages of CTCL.

TargetActionsOrganism
ARetinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha
agonist
Humans
ARetinoic acid receptor RXR-beta
agonist
Humans
ARetinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma
agonist
Humans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

>99%

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Urinary elimination of bexarotene and its known metabolites is a minor excretory pathway (<1% of administered dose).

Half-life

7 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Bexarotene can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Bexarotene can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbciximabThe risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Bexarotene.
AbemaciclibThe metabolism of Abemaciclib can be increased when combined with Bexarotene.
AbrocitinibThe metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Bexarotene.
Food Interactions
  • Take with food.

Products

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Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
TargretinGel1 g/100gTopicalBausch Health US, LLC2000-06-28Not applicableUS flag
TargretinCapsule75 mg/1OralCardinal Health2006-03-282006-07-18US flag
TargretinCapsule75 mgOralEisai Limited2016-09-08Not applicableEU flag
TargretinCapsule, liquid filled75 mg/1OralEisai Limited1999-12-292014-12-01US flag
TargretinGel10 mg/1gTopicalLigand Pharmaceuticals2006-03-28Not applicableUS flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
BexaroteneCapsule75 mg/1OralAvKARE2023-04-14Not applicableUS flag
BexaroteneCapsule, liquid filled75 mg/1OralHikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.2020-11-11Not applicableUS flag
BexaroteneCapsule, liquid filled75 mg/1OralMylan Institutional Inc.2016-04-152020-01-31US flag
BexaroteneCapsule75 mg/1OralUpsher-Smith Laboratories, Inc.2018-07-25Not applicableUS flag
BexaroteneGel10 mg/1gTopicalAmneal Pharmaceuticals NY LLC2022-05-04Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
L01XF03 — Bexarotene
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as retinoids. These are oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
Class
Prenol lipids
Sub Class
Retinoids
Direct Parent
Retinoids
Alternative Parents
Sesquiterpenoids / Tetralins / Benzoic acids / Styrenes / Benzoyl derivatives / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Organooxygen compounds / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
Aromatic homopolycyclic compound / Benzenoid / Benzoic acid / Benzoic acid or derivatives / Benzoyl / Bexarotene / Bisabolane sesquiterpenoid / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative / Hydrocarbon derivative
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
retinoid, naphthalenes, benzoic acids (CHEBI:50859)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
A61RXM4375
CAS number
153559-49-0
InChI Key
NAVMQTYZDKMPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C24H28O2/c1-15-13-20-21(24(5,6)12-11-23(20,3)4)14-19(15)16(2)17-7-9-18(10-8-17)22(25)26/h7-10,13-14H,2,11-12H2,1,3-6H3,(H,25,26)
IUPAC Name
4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethenyl]benzoic acid
SMILES
CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C(=C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(O)=O)C(C)(C)CCC2(C)C

References

Synthesis Reference
US5466861
General References
  1. Gniadecki R, Assaf C, Bagot M, Dummer R, Duvic M, Knobler R, Ranki A, Schwandt P, Whittaker S: The optimal use of bexarotene in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Br J Dermatol. 2007 Sep;157(3):433-40. Epub 2007 Jun 6. [Article]
  2. Dragnev KH, Petty WJ, Shah SJ, Lewis LD, Black CC, Memoli V, Nugent WC, Hermann T, Negro-Vilar A, Rigas JR, Dmitrovsky E: A proof-of-principle clinical trial of bexarotene in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Mar 15;13(6):1794-800. [Article]
  3. Smit JW, Stokkel MP, Pereira AM, Romijn JA, Visser TJ: Bexarotene-induced hypothyroidism: bexarotene stimulates the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jul;92(7):2496-9. Epub 2007 Apr 17. [Article]
  4. Lowe MN, Plosker GL: Bexarotene. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2000 Jul-Aug;1(4):245-50; discussion 251-2. [Article]
  5. Yen WC, Prudente RY, Corpuz MR, Negro-Vilar A, Lamph WW: A selective retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (LGD1069, targretin) inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in solid tumours. Br J Cancer. 2006 Mar 13;94(5):654-60. [Article]
  6. Farol LT, Hymes KB: Bexarotene: a clinical review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2004 Apr;4(2):180-8. [Article]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014452
KEGG Drug
D03106
PubChem Compound
82146
PubChem Substance
46509119
ChemSpider
74139
BindingDB
50032675
RxNav
233272
ChEBI
50859
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1023
ZINC
ZINC000001539579
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000276
PharmGKB
PA164752250
Guide to Pharmacology
GtP Drug Page
PDBe Ligand
9RA
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Bexarotene
PDB Entries
3h0a / 4k6i
FDA label
Download (40.2 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentRefractory Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma1
3CompletedPreventionSchizophrenia1
3CompletedTreatmentCutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) / Mycosis Fungoides (MF) / Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma1
3CompletedTreatmentNon-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)2
3TerminatedTreatmentLymphoma1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Eisai inc
Packagers
  • Catalent Pharma Solutions
  • Contract Pharm
  • Eisai Inc.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
GelTopical1 %
CapsuleOral75 mg/1
CapsuleOral75 MG
Capsule, liquid filledOral75 mg/1
GelTopical1 g/100g
GelTopical10 mg/1g
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Targretin 75 mg capsule38.0USD capsule
Targretin 75 mg softgel36.54USD softget capsule
Targretin 1% gel30.08USD g
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US6043279No2000-03-282012-04-22US flag
US5780676No1998-07-142015-07-14US flag
US5962731No1999-10-052016-10-05US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP6.9Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.000149 mg/mLALOGPS
logP6.86ALOGPS
logP6.94Chemaxon
logS-6.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.07Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area37.3 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count3Chemaxon
Refractivity117.12 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability41.06 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9954
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9022
Caco-2 permeable+0.794
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.6283
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.5369
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.7182
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.8496
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7722
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.9116
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.6786
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.8171
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8724
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorInhibitor0.5589
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorInhibitor0.8351
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8138
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.6458
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.8592
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.7898
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.933
Rat acute toxicity2.2119 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9703
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.9034
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-001i-0039000000-67c145e4b6291137b828
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-0009000000-f46ef667393584a6300e
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0udj-0009000000-9b87e4750a290eb82a7e
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-0009000000-3ce7b47cafecba720b63
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-0009000000-91e32292babb45759b5d
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-0009000000-885779b7401a85dbf649
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-0029000000-e65f7a4f9e6ecad40c0b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00os-1594000000-b4c3e389bf263ae949a1
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00kb-1941000000-7e96ac6cea878d4fd773
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0f6w-1920000000-ca6fbe2847a1daae3bd0
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0f97-1920000000-f8a80e931ae20d42408c
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-0239000000-3289f3a345e8948cb1c5
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0029000000-04f208f25a5256fb51e9
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udj-0009000000-3fc044b7ea068f8a95fb
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-0029000000-01b72b44b0b0561f8ea2
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0069000000-35362921a3985a37a14e
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udr-0092000000-701d93775640ba8f348c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-003r-4498000000-e4eb82c40ee5aa48fa93
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-204.2513659
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-204.4298659
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-204.2280659
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-186.92189
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+189.27988
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+195.94652
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expressi...
Gene Name
RXRA
Uniprot ID
P19793
Uniprot Name
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha
Molecular Weight
50810.835 Da
References
  1. Lowe MN, Plosker GL: Bexarotene. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2000 Jul-Aug;1(4):245-50; discussion 251-2. [Article]
  2. Tsai DE, Luger SM, Andreadis C, Vogl DT, Kemner A, Potuzak M, Goradia A, Loren AW, Perl AE, Schuster SJ, Porter DL, Stadtmauer EA, Goldstein SC, Thompson JE, Swider C, Bagg A, Mato AR, Carroll M: A phase I study of bexarotene, a retinoic X receptor agonist, in non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Sep 1;14(17):5619-25. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-5185. [Article]
  3. Tooker P, Yen WC, Ng SC, Negro-Vilar A, Hermann TW: Bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin), a selective retinoid X receptor agonist, prevents and reverses gemcitabine resistance in NSCLC cells by modulating gene amplification. Cancer Res. 2007 May 1;67(9):4425-33. [Article]
  4. Lalloyer F, Fievet C, Lestavel S, Torpier G, van der Veen J, Touche V, Bultel S, Yous S, Kuipers F, Paumelle R, Fruchart JC, Staels B, Tailleux A: The RXR agonist bexarotene improves cholesterol homeostasis and inhibits atherosclerosis progression in a mouse model of mixed dyslipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Dec;26(12):2731-7. Epub 2006 Sep 28. [Article]
  5. Yen WC, Lamph WW: The selective retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin) prevents and overcomes multidrug resistance in advanced breast carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther. 2005 May;4(5):824-34. [Article]
  6. Yen WC, Prudente RY, Corpuz MR, Negro-Vilar A, Lamph WW: A selective retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (LGD1069, targretin) inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in solid tumours. Br J Cancer. 2006 Mar 13;94(5):654-60. [Article]
  7. Rizvi N, Hawkins MJ, Eisenberg PD, Yocum RC, Reich SD: Placebo-controlled trial of bexarotene, a retinoid x receptor agonist, as maintenance therapy for patients treated with chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2001 Feb;2(3):210-5. [Article]
  8. Rigas JR, Dragnev KH: Emerging role of rexinoids in non-small cell lung cancer: focus on bexarotene. Oncologist. 2005 Jan;10(1):22-33. [Article]
  9. Farol LT, Hymes KB: Bexarotene: a clinical review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2004 Apr;4(2):180-8. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expressi...
Gene Name
RXRB
Uniprot ID
P28702
Uniprot Name
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta
Molecular Weight
56921.38 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Tsai DE, Luger SM, Andreadis C, Vogl DT, Kemner A, Potuzak M, Goradia A, Loren AW, Perl AE, Schuster SJ, Porter DL, Stadtmauer EA, Goldstein SC, Thompson JE, Swider C, Bagg A, Mato AR, Carroll M: A phase I study of bexarotene, a retinoic X receptor agonist, in non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Sep 1;14(17):5619-25. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-5185. [Article]
  4. Tooker P, Yen WC, Ng SC, Negro-Vilar A, Hermann TW: Bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin), a selective retinoid X receptor agonist, prevents and reverses gemcitabine resistance in NSCLC cells by modulating gene amplification. Cancer Res. 2007 May 1;67(9):4425-33. [Article]
  5. Lalloyer F, Fievet C, Lestavel S, Torpier G, van der Veen J, Touche V, Bultel S, Yous S, Kuipers F, Paumelle R, Fruchart JC, Staels B, Tailleux A: The RXR agonist bexarotene improves cholesterol homeostasis and inhibits atherosclerosis progression in a mouse model of mixed dyslipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Dec;26(12):2731-7. Epub 2006 Sep 28. [Article]
  6. Yen WC, Lamph WW: The selective retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin) prevents and overcomes multidrug resistance in advanced breast carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther. 2005 May;4(5):824-34. [Article]
  7. Yen WC, Prudente RY, Corpuz MR, Negro-Vilar A, Lamph WW: A selective retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (LGD1069, targretin) inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in solid tumours. Br J Cancer. 2006 Mar 13;94(5):654-60. [Article]
  8. Rizvi N, Hawkins MJ, Eisenberg PD, Yocum RC, Reich SD: Placebo-controlled trial of bexarotene, a retinoid x receptor agonist, as maintenance therapy for patients treated with chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2001 Feb;2(3):210-5. [Article]
  9. Rigas JR, Dragnev KH: Emerging role of rexinoids in non-small cell lung cancer: focus on bexarotene. Oncologist. 2005 Jan;10(1):22-33. [Article]
  10. Farol LT, Hymes KB: Bexarotene: a clinical review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2004 Apr;4(2):180-8. [Article]
  11. Lowe MN, Plosker GL: Bexarotene. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2000 Jul-Aug;1(4):245-50; discussion 251-2. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expressi...
Gene Name
RXRG
Uniprot ID
P48443
Uniprot Name
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma
Molecular Weight
50870.72 Da
References
  1. Lowe MN, Plosker GL: Bexarotene. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2000 Jul-Aug;1(4):245-50; discussion 251-2. [Article]
  2. Tsai DE, Luger SM, Andreadis C, Vogl DT, Kemner A, Potuzak M, Goradia A, Loren AW, Perl AE, Schuster SJ, Porter DL, Stadtmauer EA, Goldstein SC, Thompson JE, Swider C, Bagg A, Mato AR, Carroll M: A phase I study of bexarotene, a retinoic X receptor agonist, in non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Sep 1;14(17):5619-25. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-5185. [Article]
  3. Tooker P, Yen WC, Ng SC, Negro-Vilar A, Hermann TW: Bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin), a selective retinoid X receptor agonist, prevents and reverses gemcitabine resistance in NSCLC cells by modulating gene amplification. Cancer Res. 2007 May 1;67(9):4425-33. [Article]
  4. Lalloyer F, Fievet C, Lestavel S, Torpier G, van der Veen J, Touche V, Bultel S, Yous S, Kuipers F, Paumelle R, Fruchart JC, Staels B, Tailleux A: The RXR agonist bexarotene improves cholesterol homeostasis and inhibits atherosclerosis progression in a mouse model of mixed dyslipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Dec;26(12):2731-7. Epub 2006 Sep 28. [Article]
  5. Yen WC, Lamph WW: The selective retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin) prevents and overcomes multidrug resistance in advanced breast carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther. 2005 May;4(5):824-34. [Article]
  6. Yen WC, Prudente RY, Corpuz MR, Negro-Vilar A, Lamph WW: A selective retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (LGD1069, targretin) inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in solid tumours. Br J Cancer. 2006 Mar 13;94(5):654-60. [Article]
  7. Rizvi N, Hawkins MJ, Eisenberg PD, Yocum RC, Reich SD: Placebo-controlled trial of bexarotene, a retinoid x receptor agonist, as maintenance therapy for patients treated with chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2001 Feb;2(3):210-5. [Article]
  8. Rigas JR, Dragnev KH: Emerging role of rexinoids in non-small cell lung cancer: focus on bexarotene. Oncologist. 2005 Jan;10(1):22-33. [Article]
  9. Farol LT, Hymes KB: Bexarotene: a clinical review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2004 Apr;4(2):180-8. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C8
Uniprot ID
P10632
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C8
Molecular Weight
55824.275 Da
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inducer
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Wakelee HA, Takimoto CH, Lopez-Anaya A, Chu Q, Middleton G, Dunlop D, Ramlau R, Leighl N, Rowinsky EK, Hao D, Zatloukal P, Jacobs CD, Rodon J: The effect of bexarotene on atorvastatin pharmacokinetics: results from a phase I trial of bexarotene plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2012 Feb;69(2):563-71. doi: 10.1007/s00280-011-1772-z. Epub 2011 Nov 6. [Article]
  2. Maminakis C, Whitman AC, Islam N: Bexarotene-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia: A Case Report. Case Rep Oncol. 2018 Apr 11;11(1):234-238. doi: 10.1159/000488447. eCollection 2018 Jan-Apr. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 03, 2024 02:23