Cefapirin

Identification

Summary

Cefapirin is a first generation cephalosporin indicated in the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections.

Generic Name
Cefapirin
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01139
Background

Cefapirin (INN, also spelled cephapirin), commonly marketed under the trade name Cefadyl, is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is available in injectable formulations. Production for use in humans has been discontinued in the United States. Cefapirin is partly plasma-bound and is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Vet approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 423.463
Monoisotopic: 423.055876671
Chemical Formula
C17H17N3O6S2
Synonyms
  • (6R,7R)-3-(acetoxymethyl)-8-oxo-7-{[(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetyl]amino}-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
  • Cefapirin
  • Cefapirina
  • Cefapirine
  • Cefapirinum
  • Cefaprin
  • Cephapirin
  • Cephapirine
  • CEPR

Pharmacology

Indication

For treatment of infections caused by susceptible bacteria.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofBronchitis••••••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofPharyngitis••••••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofRespiratory tract infections (rti)••••••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofSkin and soft tissue infections••••••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofTonsillitis••••••••••••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Cephapirin is a first-generation cephalosporin that has a wide spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Cephapirin is more resistant to beta-lactamases than are the penicillins and so is effective against staphylococci, with the exception of methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

Mechanism of action

The bactericidal activity of cephapirin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).

TargetActionsOrganism
APenicillin-binding protein 1A
inhibitor
Clostridium perfringens (strain 13 / Type A)
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Major metabolite detected is desacetylcephapirin.

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Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Rats exposed via the oral route to cephapirin displayed low acute toxicity (LD50 = 14000 mg/kg). The most common adverse reactions are hypersensitivity reactions and alterations to liver function. Evidence of white blood cell disorders and anaemia were noted in some subjects.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirCefapirin may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.
AbciximabThe therapeutic efficacy of Abciximab can be decreased when used in combination with Cefapirin.
AceclofenacThe risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Cefapirin is combined with Aceclofenac.
AcemetacinThe risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Cefapirin is combined with Acemetacin.
AcenocoumarolThe risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Cefapirin is combined with Acenocoumarol.
Food Interactions
Not Available

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Cefapirin benzathine90G868409O97468-37-6JAHKOXGROZNHHG-RACYMRPCSA-N
Cefapirin sodium431LFF7I7J24356-60-3VGEOUKPOQQEQSX-OALZAMAHSA-M
International/Other Brands
Cefadyl

Categories

ATC Codes
J01DB08 — Cefapirin
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing an alpha amino acid (or a derivative thereof) which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic acids and derivatives
Class
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub Class
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct Parent
N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Cephems / Alkylarylthioethers / 1,3-thiazines / Pyridines and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Azetidines / Carboxylic acid esters / Thiohemiaminal derivatives
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Substituents
Alkylarylthioether / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aryl thioether / Azacycle / Azetidine / Beta-lactam / Carbonyl group / Carboxamide group / Carboximidic acid / Carboximidic acid derivative
show 25 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
cephalosporin (CHEBI:554446)
Affected organisms
  • Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
89B59H32VN
CAS number
21593-23-7
InChI Key
UQLLWWBDSUHNEB-CZUORRHYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C17H17N3O6S2/c1-9(21)26-6-10-7-28-16-13(15(23)20(16)14(10)17(24)25)19-12(22)8-27-11-2-4-18-5-3-11/h2-5,13,16H,6-8H2,1H3,(H,19,22)(H,24,25)/t13-,16-/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
(6R,7R)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-8-oxo-7-[2-(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
SMILES
[H][C@]12SCC(COC(C)=O)=C(N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC(=O)CSC1=CC=NC=C1)C(O)=O

References

Synthesis Reference

Crast, L.B. Jr.; U.S. Patent 3,422,100; January 14, 1969; assigned to Bristol-Myers Company Silvestri, H.H.and Johnson, D.A.; US. Patent 3,503,967; March 31,1970; assigned to Bristol-Myers Company. Havranek, R.E. and Crast, L.B. Jr.; U.S. Patent 3,578,661; May 11, 1971; assigned to Bristol- Myers Company.

General References
Not Available
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0015270
KEGG Compound
C06896
PubChem Compound
30699
PubChem Substance
46505227
ChemSpider
28486
BindingDB
50370592
RxNav
2238
ChEBI
554446
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1599
ZINC
ZINC000003830511
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP001160
PharmGKB
PA164749340
Wikipedia
Cefapirin
MSDS
Download (31.4 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular
SuspensionOral5 g
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
water solubility1030 mg/LNot Available
logP-1.15SANGSTER (1994)
pKa2.15Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.151 mg/mLALOGPS
logP0.18ALOGPS
logP-2.1Chemaxon
logS-3.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.35Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.99Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area125.9 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count8Chemaxon
Refractivity102.43 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability40.63 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption-0.959
Blood Brain Barrier-0.9971
Caco-2 permeable-0.7523
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.8491
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.6578
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.8382
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.8236
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7333
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8159
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.5132
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.7695
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7348
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8753
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7075
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8003
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityHigh CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.5917
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.6996
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.901
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9955
Rat acute toxicity1.4439 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9946
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.7588
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0006-9373100000-e3d19d32bd32937d2df3
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-03k9-0019600000-d263d491ef8be6eb12d9
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-006x-0229400000-285a918a336503104d60
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-044i-0339100000-fcc2902f425b8cdd3da7
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-08fr-5659100000-24af96a52fb245d982d5
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0231-2941000000-e30b952b54ca5ca1e6c1
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0bu3-9312000000-6ce6acb19d41b91ccec4
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-207.8719768
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-192.76231
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+208.2977768
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+195.12032
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+208.6867768
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+201.42902
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Clostridium perfringens (strain 13 / Type A)
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
Specific Function
Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan str...
Gene Name
pbpA
Uniprot ID
Q8XJ01
Uniprot Name
Penicillin-binding protein 1A
Molecular Weight
75176.35 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Hamilton TE, Lawrence PJ: The formation of functional penicillin-binding proteins. J Biol Chem. 1975 Aug 25;250(16):6578-85. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at January 02, 2024 23:50