Camazepam

Identification

Generic Name
Camazepam
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01489
Background

Camazepam is a benzodiazepine which is a dimethyl carbamate ester of tamzepam, a metabolite of diazepam. Similarly to other drugs in its class, it has antxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. However, unlike other benzodiapeines camazepam is predominantly anxiolytic and is relatively weak as an anticonvulsant, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant.

Camazepam also has less side effects, such as impaired cognition and reaction times, compared to other benzodiazepines. However, impairment of cognition and disrupted sleep patterns will occur at doses higher than 40mg of carazepam. Camazepam is also believed to increase attention, and is associated with skin disorders.

In the United States camazepam is regulated as a Schedule IV controlled substance.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Experimental, Illicit
Structure
Weight
Average: 371.818
Monoisotopic: 371.103669164
Chemical Formula
C19H18ClN3O3
Synonyms
  • Camazepam

Pharmacology

Indication

Camazepam has been used in placebo controlled studies for the treatment of patients suffering from anxiety and depression.

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Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action

Camazepam has been shown to bind competitively to benzodiazepine receptors in the brain with a relatively low affinity in animal models. This binding of benzodiazepine receptors by camazepam and its active metabolites is responsible for its anticonvulsant effects. Notably, only three metabolites were shown to exert anticonvulsant activity, temazepam, oxazepam, and hydroxy camazepam.

The anxiolytic properties of camazepam are also attributed to their ability to bind benzodiazepine receptors, also known as GABA receptors. When benzodiazepines bind to GABA receptors they increase the efficiency with which the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA binds.

TargetActionsOrganism
AGABA(A) Receptor
positive allosteric modulator
Humans
AGABA(A) Receptor Benzodiazepine Binding Site
ligand
Humans
Absorption

Almost completely absorbed into the bloodstream after oral administration. 90% bioavailability can be achieved in humans.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Metabolized by the liver into more than 10 metabolites, some of which are also active and posses anticonvulsant properties. [3] One active metabolite of note is temazepam which has roughly equal in effectiveness as an anxiolytic, but is less anticonvulsant, sedating, and motor-impairing.

Camazepam undergoes enantioselective metabolism by human liver microsomes. [1]

Route of elimination

Renally eliminated.

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Camazepam is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
AcetazolamideThe risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Camazepam.
AcetophenazineThe risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Acetophenazine is combined with Camazepam.
AgomelatineThe risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Camazepam is combined with Agomelatine.
AlfentanilThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alfentanil is combined with Camazepam.
Food Interactions
Not Available

Products

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International/Other Brands
Albego (Boehringer Ingelheim) / Limpidon (Crinos) / Paxor

Categories

ATC Codes
N05BA15 — Camazepam
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,4-benzodiazepines. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to a 1,4-azepine.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Benzodiazepines
Sub Class
1,4-benzodiazepines
Direct Parent
1,4-benzodiazepines
Alternative Parents
Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Aryl chlorides / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Carbamate esters / Organic carbonic acids and derivatives / Lactams / Ketimines / Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds / Azacyclic compounds
show 5 more
Substituents
1,4-benzodiazepine / Alpha-amino acid or derivatives / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aryl chloride / Aryl halide / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Carbamic acid ester / Carbonic acid derivative / Carbonyl group
show 18 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
HZ3XRH03C3
CAS number
36104-80-0
InChI Key
PXBVEXGRHZFEOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C19H18ClN3O3/c1-22(2)19(25)26-17-18(24)23(3)15-10-9-13(20)11-14(15)16(21-17)12-7-5-4-6-8-12/h4-11,17H,1-3H3
IUPAC Name
7-chloro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl N,N-dimethylcarbamate
SMILES
CN(C)C(=O)OC1N=C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C2=C(C=CC(Cl)=C2)N(C)C1=O

References

Synthesis Reference

Ferrari, G. and Casagrande, C.; U.S. Patent 3,799,920; March 26,1974; assigned to Siphar SA.

General References
  1. Lu XL, Yang SK: Enantiomer resolution of camazepam and its derivatives and enantioselective metabolism of camazepam by human liver microsomes. J Chromatogr A. 1994 Apr 22;666(1-2):249-57. [Article]
  2. Morino A, Sasaki H, Mukai H, Sugiyama M: Receptor-mediated model relating anticonvulsant effect to brain levels of camazepam in the presence of its active metabolites. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1986 Jun;14(3):309-21. [Article]
  3. Morino A, Sugiyama M: Relation between time courses of pharmacological effects and of plasma levels of camazepam and its active metabolites in rats. J Pharmacobiodyn. 1985 Aug;8(8):597-606. [Article]
KEGG Drug
D07315
PubChem Compound
37367
PubChem Substance
46505921
ChemSpider
34285
ChEBI
135570
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1095282
Wikipedia
Camazepam

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Pill
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)173-174Ferrari, G. and Casagrande, C.; U.S. Patent 3,799,920; March 26,1974; assigned to Siphar SA.
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0182 mg/mLALOGPS
logP2.48ALOGPS
logP3.34Chemaxon
logS-4.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.7Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area62.21 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count3Chemaxon
Refractivity98.63 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability38.12 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9966
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9578
Caco-2 permeable+0.5746
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.5311
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IInhibitor0.7291
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IIInhibitor0.7616
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.881
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.6792
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8325
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.7293
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.7304
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.6194
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8758
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorInhibitor0.5491
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7769
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.6962
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.6493
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.7149
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable1.0
Rat acute toxicity1.9995 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9973
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.6456
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)MSsplash10-00di-9260000000-edfba1a5fcbe9ca50d1d
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0009000000-32b43feac3b1d8d05ffa
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-1009000000-b8d854b2906e4d83d832
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0fk9-9025000000-0d9ef9f13dc3b5a0e7bd
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001j-0090000000-1c610491b5fc406ecd02
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a5c-1090000000-eb13721680e74b059b73
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001l-9080000000-ec9ab312687625abf251
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-177.07939
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+179.45134
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+186.6125
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Positive allosteric modulator
Curator comments
The GABA(A) receptor is pentameric (i.e. comprising 5 subunit proteins) and therefore has a multitude of potential isoforms. The above target is a collection of all possible GABA(A) subunits that may participate in the formation of the pentameric receptor and is not meant to imply direct a drug-protein interaction for each individual subunit.
General Function
Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function
Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine...

Components:
References
  1. Sigel E, Steinmann ME: Structure, function, and modulation of GABA(A) receptors. J Biol Chem. 2012 Nov 23;287(48):40224-31. doi: 10.1074/jbc.R112.386664. Epub 2012 Oct 4. [Article]
  2. Zhu S, Noviello CM, Teng J, Walsh RM Jr, Kim JJ, Hibbs RE: Structure of a human synaptic GABAA receptor. Nature. 2018 Jul;559(7712):67-72. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0255-3. Epub 2018 Jun 27. [Article]
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Ligand
Curator comments
Benzodiazepines modulate GABA(A) function by binding at the interface between alpha (α) and gamma (γ) subunits. Of the 6 α-subunits, only 4 (α-1, -2, -3, and -5) participate in the formation of this binding site. The above target is a collection of all α- and γ-subunits that are known to participate in the formation of the benzodiazepine binding site.
General Function
Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function
Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine...

Components:
References
  1. Sigel E, Steinmann ME: Structure, function, and modulation of GABA(A) receptors. J Biol Chem. 2012 Nov 23;287(48):40224-31. doi: 10.1074/jbc.R112.386664. Epub 2012 Oct 4. [Article]
  2. Zhu S, Noviello CM, Teng J, Walsh RM Jr, Kim JJ, Hibbs RE: Structure of a human synaptic GABAA receptor. Nature. 2018 Jul;559(7712):67-72. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0255-3. Epub 2018 Jun 27. [Article]

Drug created at July 31, 2007 13:09 / Updated at February 21, 2021 18:51