Agomelatine

Identification

Brand Names
Valdoxan
Generic Name
Agomelatine
DrugBank Accession Number
DB06594
Background

Agomelatine is structurally closely related to melatonin. Agomelatine is a potent agonist at melatonin receptors and an antagonist at serotonin-2C (5-HT2C) receptors, tested in an animal model of depression. Agomelatine was developed in Europe by Servier Laboratories Ltd. and submitted to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2005. The Committee for Medical Products for Human Use (CHMP) recommended refusal of marketing authorization on 27 July 2006. The major concern was that efficacy had not been sufficiently shown. In 2006 Servier sold the rights to develop Agomelatine in the US to Novartis.

The development for the US market was discontinued in October 2011. It is currently sold in Australia under the Valdoxan trade name.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 243.301
Monoisotopic: 243.125928793
Chemical Formula
C15H17NO2
Synonyms
  • Agomelatina
  • Agomelatine
External IDs
  • AGO 178
  • AGO-178
  • AGO178C
  • S-20098
  • S20098

Pharmacology

Indication

Agomelatine is indicated to treat major depressive episodes in adults.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofMajor depressive episode••••••••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Agomelatine resynchronises circadian rhythms in animal models of delayed sleep phase syndrome and other circadian rhythm disruptions. It increases noradrenaline and dopamine release specifically in the frontal cortex and has no influence on the extracellular levels of serotonin. Agomelatine has shown an antidepressant-like effect in animal depression models, (learned helplessness test, despair test, and chronic mild stress) circadian rhythm desynchronisation, and in stress and anxiety models. In humans, agomelatine has positive phase shifting properties; it induces a phase advance of sleep, body temperature decline and melatonin onset. Controlled studies in humans have shown that agomelatine is as effective as the SSRI antidepressants paroxetine and sertraline in the treatment of major depression

Mechanism of action

The novel antidepressant agent, agomelatine, behaves as an agonist at melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and as an antagonist at serotonin (5-HT)(2C) receptors.

TargetActionsOrganism
A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
antagonist
Humans
AMelatonin receptor type 1A
agonist
Humans
AMelatonin receptor type 1B
agonist
Humans
Absorption

Bioavailability is less than 5%.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

> 95%

Metabolism

Hepatic (90% CYP1A2 and 10% CYP2C9).

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

<2 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Agomelatine is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Agomelatine can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Agomelatine can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbirateroneThe serum concentration of Agomelatine can be increased when it is combined with Abiraterone.
AbrocitinibThe metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Agomelatine.
Food Interactions
Not Available

Products

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International/Other Brands
Melitor (Servier Laboratories Ltd.) / Valdoxan (Servier Laboratories Ltd.)
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
ThymanaxTablet25 mgOralServier (Ireland) Industries Ltd2020-12-162022-08-08EU flag
ThymanaxTablet25 mgOralServier (Ireland) Industries Ltd2020-12-162022-08-08EU flag
ThymanaxTablet25 mgOralServier (Ireland) Industries Ltd2020-12-162022-08-08EU flag
ThymanaxTablet25 mgOralServier (Ireland) Industries Ltd2020-12-162022-08-08EU flag
ThymanaxTablet25 mgOralServier (Ireland) Industries Ltd2020-12-162022-08-08EU flag

Categories

ATC Codes
N06AX22 — Agomelatine
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acetyl-2-arylethylamines. These are compounds containing an acetamide group that is N-linked to an arylethylamine.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic acids and derivatives
Class
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub Class
Carboxylic acid derivatives
Direct Parent
N-acetyl-2-arylethylamines
Alternative Parents
Naphthalenes / Anisoles / Alkyl aryl ethers / Secondary carboxylic acid amides / Organopnictogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
Substituents
Alkyl aryl ether / Anisole / Aromatic homopolycyclic compound / Benzenoid / Carbonyl group / Ether / Hydrocarbon derivative / N-acetyl-2-arylethylamine / Naphthalene / Organic nitrogen compound
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
137R1N49AD
CAS number
138112-76-2
InChI Key
YJYPHIXNFHFHND-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C15H17NO2/c1-11(17)16-9-8-13-5-3-4-12-6-7-14(18-2)10-15(12)13/h3-7,10H,8-9H2,1-2H3,(H,16,17)
IUPAC Name
N-[2-(7-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]acetamide
SMILES
COC1=CC2=C(CCNC(C)=O)C=CC=C2C=C1

References

Synthesis Reference

Jean-Claude Souvie, Isaac Gonzalez Blanco, Gilles Thominot, Genevieve Chapuis, Stephane Horvath, Gerard Damien, "Process for the synthesis and crystalline form of agomelatine." U.S. Patent US20050182276, issued August 18, 2005.

US20050182276
General References
  1. Millan MJ, Brocco M, Gobert A, Dekeyne A: Anxiolytic properties of agomelatine, an antidepressant with melatoninergic and serotonergic properties: role of 5-HT2C receptor blockade. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 Feb;177(4):448-58. Epub 2004 Jul 31. [Article]
  2. Hardeland R, Poeggeler B, Srinivasan V, Trakht I, Pandi-Perumal SR, Cardinali DP: Melatonergic drugs in clinical practice. Arzneimittelforschung. 2008;58(1):1-10. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1296459. [Article]
  3. Racagni G, Riva MA, Popoli M: The interaction between the internal clock and antidepressant efficacy. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007 Oct;22 Suppl 2:S9-S14. [Article]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0015636
KEGG Drug
D02578
PubChem Compound
82148
PubChem Substance
175427076
ChemSpider
74141
BindingDB
50035179
ChEBI
134990
ChEMBL
CHEMBL10878
ZINC
ZINC000000005608
PharmGKB
PA165958363
PDBe Ligand
AWY
Wikipedia
Agomelatine
PDB Entries
5q1s / 6me5
MSDS
Download (15.5 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Tablet, film coatedOral25 MG
Tablet, coatedOral2500000 mg
TabletOral25.00000 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral
Tablet, coatedOral25 mg
TabletOral25 mg
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
water solubility~0.5 mg/ml in 1:1 EtOH:PBS (pH 7.2); ~30 mg/ml in EtOH, DMF & DMSONot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00776 mg/mLALOGPS
logP2.83ALOGPS
logP2.04Chemaxon
logS-4.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)15.96Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.6Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area38.33 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count4Chemaxon
Refractivity71.64 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability27.24 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings2Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+1.0
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9923
Caco-2 permeable+0.7464
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.5356
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.6423
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.6412
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.5291
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7647
CYP450 2D6 substrateSubstrate0.7219
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.7276
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.8543
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7758
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.5445
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7478
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7746
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityHigh CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.5467
Ames testAMES toxic0.6796
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8958
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.8296
Rat acute toxicity2.2095 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9236
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Inhibitor0.6648
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0096-9870000000-12644f5c2eef8ac161ff
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-1910000000-17cebfbe6b9845617b5d
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udr-0590000000-dcd8a065b82ba4b56156
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-08fu-3590000000-f99de6e148bbfd87fca7
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-0490000000-7737a59e1ab6959a67e2
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-05mp-8900000000-d65094969dfb5b1715b8
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0pbl-0900000000-eca72dced9fedec3519e
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9700000000-a905447049a7579eca5b
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-163.8426395
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-165.6722395
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-157.9433
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+163.9252395
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+166.1746395
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+160.3013
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+163.8415395
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+165.9691395
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+166.39444
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-...
Gene Name
HTR2C
Uniprot ID
P28335
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
Molecular Weight
51820.705 Da
References
  1. Millan MJ, Brocco M, Gobert A, Dekeyne A: Anxiolytic properties of agomelatine, an antidepressant with melatoninergic and serotonergic properties: role of 5-HT2C receptor blockade. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 Feb;177(4):448-58. Epub 2004 Jul 31. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Organic cyclic compound binding
Specific Function
High affinity receptor for melatonin. Likely to mediates the reproductive and circadian actions of melatonin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins that ...
Gene Name
MTNR1A
Uniprot ID
P48039
Uniprot Name
Melatonin receptor type 1A
Molecular Weight
39374.315 Da
References
  1. Millan MJ, Brocco M, Gobert A, Dekeyne A: Anxiolytic properties of agomelatine, an antidepressant with melatoninergic and serotonergic properties: role of 5-HT2C receptor blockade. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 Feb;177(4):448-58. Epub 2004 Jul 31. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Melatonin receptor activity
Specific Function
High affinity receptor for melatonin. Likely to mediates the reproductive and circadian actions of melatonin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins that ...
Gene Name
MTNR1B
Uniprot ID
P49286
Uniprot Name
Melatonin receptor type 1B
Molecular Weight
40187.895 Da
References
  1. Millan MJ, Brocco M, Gobert A, Dekeyne A: Anxiolytic properties of agomelatine, an antidepressant with melatoninergic and serotonergic properties: role of 5-HT2C receptor blockade. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 Feb;177(4):448-58. Epub 2004 Jul 31. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID
P05177
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight
58293.76 Da
References
  1. Yasar U: Does celecoxib inhibit agomelatine metabolism via CYP2C9 or CYP1A2? Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018 Jul 11;12:2169-2172. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S169358. eCollection 2018. [Article]
  2. Manikandan S: Agomelatine: A novel melatonergic antidepressant. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2010 Jul;1(2):122-3. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.72369. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID
P11712
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight
55627.365 Da
References
  1. Dolder CR, Nelson M, Snider M: Agomelatine treatment of major depressive disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2008 Dec;42(12):1822-31. doi: 10.1345/aph.1L296. Epub 2008 Nov 25. [Article]

Drug created at March 19, 2008 16:39 / Updated at December 11, 2021 01:26