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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Quinolinic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123249MetabolicQuinolinic acid is shown to have major neurotoxic effects on the brain by acting as an NMDA receptor agonist, causing excessive glutamate release and lipid peroxidation. … When this compound enters into systemic circulation it is shown to be a major uremic toxin when high levels of it are retained in the blood and not excreted in urine.
Drugs: Tryptophan · Quinolinic Acid · Kynurenine · Mesoheme · Flavin adenine dinucleotide · 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid +1 moreEnzymes: Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBATMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Uric acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124845MetabolicUric acid can enter the blood and produce toxic effects on the cardiovascular, renal and joints, leading to cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and arthritis/ gout. … The purines are guanine and adenine. These undergo metabolism in the liver to form uric acid. Adenine forms adenosine through the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Oxalic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124875MetabolicGlyoxylate is generated through glycine and hydroxyproline catabolism and can be converted to oxalate. In humans, this process takes place in the liver. … Glycine and hydroxyproline comes from protein sources in the diet such as red meat and eggs. Glycine Is converted into glyoxylate in the peroxisome by the enzyme d-amino acid oxidase.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ascorbic acid · Succinic acid · Glutamic acid · Glycine · Proline +4 moreEnzymes: Sodium- and chloride-dependent transporter XTRP3, Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1Metabolsim and Physiological Effects of Argininic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125504MetabolicArginnosuccinate is synthesized from citrulline and aspartic acid by the enzyme argininosuccinate synthase. That is catalyzed by argininosuccinate lyase to produce arginine and fumaric acid. … Argininic acid is a uremic toxin that is toxic to the nervous system, and it causes various neurlogical disorders such as variable degree of mental retardation, epilepsy and progressive spasticity.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Arginine · Aspartic acid · Ornithine · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate +10 moreMetabolism and Physiological Effects of 3-Deoxyglucosone
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125516MetabolicThe maillard reaction pathway is a non-enzymatic reaction which outside the body happens through heating. … It normally is synthesized and accumulates with high serum glucose due to diabetes. 3-deoxyglucosone causes cell apoptosis and neurotoxicity.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of N-Acetylproline
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126660MetabolicN-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in protection and stability of proteins. … N-acetylproline in the body can cause kidney damage and contribute to tumorigenesis, L-proline can be obtained from the diet from foods that are high in protein such as meat, fish, and dairy.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of N-Acetylvaline
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126701MetabolicThe human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G). … N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in protection and stability of proteins.
Drugs: ValineMetabolism and Physiological Effects of N-Acetylmethionine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126707MetabolicThe human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G). … N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-acetylmethionine can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from peptides generated by proteolytic degradation.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of N-Acetylhistidine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126711MetabolicThe human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G). … N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-acetylhistidine can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from peptides generated by proteolytic degradation.
Drugs: HistidineMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Beta-Alanine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126732MetabolicBeta-Alanyl-(L)-histidine may also be hydrolyzed by CPGL2 to beta-Alanine and (L)-Histidine. Dietary sources of carnosine include meats, eggs, and dairy products, with meat being the primary source. … Then Anserine is hydrolyzed to beta-Alanine by Carnosine dipeptidase 1 (metallopeptidase M20 family) CPGL2.