Identification
- Summary
Valine is an amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition.
- Brand Names
- Aminosyn II 7 %, Sulfite-free, Aminosyn-PF 7%, Clinimix 2.75/5, Clinimix E 2.75/5, Clinisol 15, Freamine 6.9, Freamine III 10, Hepatamine 8, Nephramine, Olimel, Periolimel, Plenamine, Premasol, Primene, Procalamine 3, Prosol, Travasol 10, Trophamine 10 %
- Generic Name
- Valine
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00161
- Background
Valine is a branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Nutraceutical
- Structure
Structure for Valine (DB00161)
- Weight
- Average: 117.1463
Monoisotopic: 117.078978601 - Chemical Formula
- C5H11NO2
- Synonyms
- (2S)-2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid
- (S)-Valine
- 2-Amino-3-methylbutyric acid
- L-(+)-alpha-Aminoisovaleric acid
- L-alpha-Amino-beta-methylbutyric acid
- L-valin
- L-valine
- Val
- Valine
Pharmacology
- Indication
Promotes mental vigor, muscle coordination, and calm emotions. May also be of use in a minority of patients with hepatic encephalopathy and in some with phenylketonuria.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
- Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug eventsImprove clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.- Pharmacodynamics
L-valine is a branched-chain essential amino acid (BCAA) that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. Valine is one of three branched-chain amino acids (the others are leucine and isoleucine) that enhance energy, increase endurance, and aid in muscle tissue recovery and repair. This group also lowers elevated blood sugar levels and increases growth hormone production. Supplemental valine should always be combined with isoleucine and leucine at a respective milligram ratio of 2:1:2. It is an essential amino acid found in proteins; important for optimal growth in infants and for growth in children and nitrogen balance in adults. The lack of L-valine may influence the growth of body, cause neuropathic obstacle, anaemia. It has wide applications in the field of pharmaceutical and food industry.
- Mechanism of action
(Applies to Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine)
This group of essential amino acids are identified as the branched-chain amino acids, BCAAs. Because this arrangement of carbon atoms cannot be made by humans, these amino acids are an essential element in the diet. The catabolism of all three compounds initiates in muscle and yields NADH and FADH2 which can be utilized for ATP generation. The catabolism of all three of these amino acids uses the same enzymes in the first two steps. The first step in each case is a transamination using a single BCAA aminotransferase, with a-ketoglutarate as amine acceptor. As a result, three different a-keto acids are produced and are oxidized using a common branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase, yielding the three different CoA derivatives. Subsequently the metabolic pathways diverge, producing many intermediates.
The principal product from valine is propionylCoA, the glucogenic precursor of succinyl-CoA. Isoleucine catabolism terminates with production of acetylCoA and propionylCoA; thus isoleucine is both glucogenic and ketogenic. Leucine gives rise to acetylCoA and acetoacetylCoA, and is thus classified as strictly ketogenic.
There are a number of genetic diseases associated with faulty catabolism of the BCAAs. The most common defect is in the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase. Since there is only one dehydrogenase enzyme for all three amino acids, all three a-keto acids accumulate and are excreted in the urine. The disease is known as Maple syrup urine disease because of the characteristic odor of the urine in afflicted individuals. Mental retardation in these cases is extensive. Unfortunately, since these are essential amino acids, they cannot be heavily restricted in the diet; ultimately, the life of afflicted individuals is short and development is abnormal The main neurological problems are due to poor formation of myelin in the CNS.Target Actions Organism UPropionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial Not Available Humans UBranched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic Not Available Humans UValine--tRNA ligase Not Available Humans - Absorption
Absorbed from the small intestine by a sodium-dependent active-transport process.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
Hepatic
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Symptoms of hypoglycemia, increased mortality in ALS patients taking large doses of BCAAs.
- Pathways
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 2.5% Travasol Amino Acid Injection With Electrolytes In 10% Dextrose Valine (145 mg / 100 mL) + Alanine (520 mg / 100 mL) + Arginine (290 mg / 100 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (10 g / 100 mL) + Dipotassium phosphate (130.5 mg / 100 mL) + Glycine (260 mg / 100 mL) + Histidine (120 mg / 100 mL) + Isoleucine (150 mg / 100 mL) + Leucine (182.5 mg / 100 mL) + Lysine hydrochloride (145 mg / 100 mL) + Magnesium chloride (25.5 mg / 100 mL) + Methionine (100 mg / 100 mL) + Phenylalanine (140 mg / 100 mL) + Proline (170 mg / 100 mL) + Serine (125 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium acetate (170 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium chloride (29.3 mg / 100 mL) + Threonine (105 mg / 100 mL) + Tryptophan (45 mg / 100 mL) + Tyrosine (10 mg / 100 mL) Solution Intravenous Baxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division 1996-12-31 2015-08-05 Canada 
2.5% Travasol Amino Acid Injection With Electrolytes In 10% Dextrose Clinimix Valine (115 mg / 100 mL) + Alanine (520 mg / 100 mL) + Arginine (260 mg / 100 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (10 g / 100 mL) + Dipotassium phosphate (130.5 mg / 100 mL) + Glycine (520 mg / 100 mL) + Histidine (110 mg / 100 mL) + Isoleucine (120 mg / 100 mL) + L-Leucine hydrochloride (155 mg / 100 mL) + Lysine hydrochloride (145 mg / 100 mL) + Magnesium chloride (25.5 mg / 100 mL) + Methionine (145 mg / 100 mL) + Phenylalanine hydrochloride (155 mg / 100 mL) + Proline (105 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium acetate (170 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium chloride (29.3 mg / 100 mL) + Threonine (105 mg / 100 mL) + Tryptophan (45 mg / 100 mL) + Tyrosine (10 mg / 100 mL) Solution Intravenous Baxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division 1993-12-31 2015-08-05 Canada 2.5% Travasol Amino Acid Injection Without Electrolytes In 10% Dextrose Quickmix Valine (115 mg / 100 mL) + Alanine (520 mg / 100 mL) + Arginine (260 mg / 100 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (10 g / 100 mL) + Glycine (520 mg / 100 mL) + Histidine (110 mg / 100 mL) + Isoleucine (120 mg / 100 mL) + L-Leucine hydrochloride (155 mg / 100 mL) + Lysine hydrochloride (195 mg / 100 mL) + Methionine (195 mg / 100 mL) + Phenylalanine hydrochloride (155 mg / 100 mL) + Proline (105 mg / 100 mL) + Threonine (105 mg / 100 mL) + Tryptophan (45 mg / 100 mL) + Tyrosine (10 mg / 100 mL) Solution Intravenous Baxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division 1995-12-31 2007-08-02 Canada 2.5%travasol Amino Acid InJ.W.eleC.W.25%dex Valine (145 mg / 100 mL) + Alanine (520 mg / 100 mL) + Arginine (290 mg / 100 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (25 g / 100 mL) + Dipotassium phosphate (130.5 mg / 100 mL) + Glycine (260 mg / 100 mL) + Histidine (120 mg / 100 mL) + Isoleucine (150 mg / 100 mL) + Leucine (182.5 mg / 100 mL) + Lysine hydrochloride (145 mg / 100 mL) + Magnesium chloride (25.5 mg / 100 mL) + Methionine (100 mg / 100 mL) + Phenylalanine (140 mg / 100 mL) + Proline (170 mg / 100 mL) + Serine (125 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium acetate (170 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium chloride (29.3 mg / 100 mL) + Threonine (105 mg / 100 mL) + Tryptophan (45 mg / 100 mL) + Tyrosine (10 mg / 100 mL) Liquid Intravenous Clintec Nutrition Company 1996-07-30 1998-08-13 Canada 2.75% Travas. Amino Acid InJ.W.elecw.25%dex Valine (159.5 mg / 100 mL) + Alanine (570 mg / 100 mL) + Arginine (316 mg / 100 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (25 g / 100 mL) + Dipotassium phosphate (261 mg / 100 mL) + Glycine (283 mg / 100 mL) + Histidine (132 mg / 100 mL) + Isoleucine (165 mg / 100 mL) + Leucine (201 mg / 100 mL) + Lysine hydrochloride (159.5 mg / 100 mL) + Magnesium chloride (51 mg / 100 mL) + Methionine (110 mg / 100 mL) + Phenylalanine (154 mg / 100 mL) + Proline (187 mg / 100 mL) + Serine (137.5 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium acetate (215.5 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium chloride (112 mg / 100 mL) + Threonine (115.5 mg / 100 mL) + Tryptophan (49.5 mg / 100 mL) + Tyrosine (11 mg / 100 mL) Liquid Intravenous Clintec Nutrition Company 1996-07-30 1998-08-13 Canada 2.75% Travasol Amino Acid Injection With Electrolytes In 25% Dextrose Quickmix Valine (126 mg / 100 mL) + Alanine (570 mg / 100 mL) + Arginine (285 mg / 100 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (25 g / 100 mL) + Dipotassium phosphate (261 mg / 100 mL) + Glycine (570 mg / 100 mL) + Histidine (120.5 mg / 100 mL) + Isoleucine (131.5 mg / 100 mL) + L-Leucine hydrochloride (170 mg / 100 mL) + Lysine hydrochloride (159 mg / 100 mL) + Magnesium chloride (51 mg / 100 mL) + Methionine (159 mg / 100 mL) + Phenylalanine hydrochloride (170 mg / 100 mL) + Proline (115 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium acetate (215.5 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium chloride (112 mg / 100 mL) + Threonine (115 mg / 100 mL) + Tryptophan (49.5 mg / 100 mL) + Tyrosine (11 mg / 100 mL) Solution Intravenous Baxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division 1996-02-02 2007-08-02 Canada 2.75% Travasol Amino Acid Injection With Electrolytes In 5% Dextrose Quickmix Valine (126 mg / 100 mL) + Alanine (570 mg / 100 mL) + Arginine (285 mg / 100 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (5 g / 100 mL) + Dipotassium phosphate (215.5 mg / 100 mL) + Glycine (570 mg / 100 mL) + Histidine (120.5 mg / 100 mL) + Isoleucine (131.5 mg / 100 mL) + L-Leucine hydrochloride (170 mg / 100 mL) + Lysine hydrochloride (159 mg / 100 mL) + Magnesium chloride (51 mg / 100 mL) + Methionine (159 mg / 100 mL) + Phenylalanine hydrochloride (170 mg / 100 mL) + Proline (115 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium acetate (256 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium chloride (112 mg / 100 mL) + Threonine (115 mg / 100 mL) + Tryptophan (49.5 mg / 100 mL) + Tyrosine (11 mg / 100 mL) Solution Intravenous Baxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division 1993-12-31 2007-08-02 Canada 2.75%travasol Amino Acid InJ.W.eleC.W.5%dex. Valine (159.5 mg / 100 mL) + Alanine (570 mg / 100 mL) + Arginine (316 mg / 100 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (5 g / 100 mL) + Dipotassium phosphate (261 mg / 100 mL) + Glycine (283 mg / 100 mL) + Histidine (132 mg / 100 mL) + Isoleucine (165 mg / 100 mL) + Leucine (201 mg / 100 mL) + Lysine hydrochloride (159.5 mg / 100 mL) + Magnesium chloride (51 mg / 100 mL) + Methionine (110 mg / 100 mL) + Phenylalanine (154 mg / 100 mL) + Proline (187 mg / 100 mL) + Serine (137.5 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium acetate (215 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium chloride (112 mg / 100 mL) + Threonine (115.5 mg / 100 mL) + Tryptophan (49.5 mg / 100 mL) + Tyrosine (11 mg / 100 mL) Liquid Intravenous Clintec Nutrition Company 1996-12-31 1999-08-10 Canada 20% Prosol Valine (1.44 g) + Alanine (2.76 g) + Arginine (1.96 g) + Aspartic acid (0.6 g) + D-Methionine (0.76 g) + Glutamic acid (1.02 g) + Glycine (2.06 g) + Histidine (1.18 g) + Isoleucine (1.08 g) + Leucine (1.08 g) + Lysine (1.35 g) + Methionine (0.76 g) + Phenylalanine (1 g) + Proline (1.34 g) + Serine (1.02 g) + Threonine (0.98 g) + Tryptophan (0.32 g) + Tyrosine (0.05 g) Liquid Intravenous Baxter Laboratories 1996-10-09 Not applicable Canada 4.25% Amino Acid Injection Without Electrolytes In 20% Dextrose Quickmix Valine (195 mg / 100 mL) + Alanine (880 mg / 100 mL) + Arginine (440 mg / 100 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (20 g / 100 mL) + Glycine (880 mg / 100 mL) + Histidine (186 mg / 100 mL) + Isoleucine (203 mg / 100 mL) + L-Leucine hydrochloride (263 mg / 100 mL) + Lysine hydrochloride (246 mg / 100 mL) + Methionine (246 mg / 100 mL) + Phenylalanine hydrochloride (263 mg / 100 mL) + Proline (178 mg / 100 mL) + Threonine (178 mg / 100 mL) + Tryptophan (76 mg / 100 mL) + Tyrosine (17 mg / 100 mL) Solution Intravenous Baxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division 1995-12-31 2007-08-02 Canada - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Clinimix Valine (1.60 g/1L) + Alanine (5.70 g/1L) + Arginine (3.17 g/1L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.33 g/1L) + D-glucose monohydrate (100.00 g/1L) + Dipotassium phosphate (2.61 g/1L) + Glycine (2.84 g/1L) + Histidine (1.32 g/1L) + Isoleucine (1.65 g/1L) + Leucine (2.01 g/1L) + Lysine (2.00 g/1L) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.51 g/1L) + Methionine (1.10 g/1L) + Phenylalanine (1.54 g/1L) + Proline (1.87 g/1L) + Serine (1.38 g/1L) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (2.16 g/1L) + Sodium chloride (1.12 g/1L) + Threonine (1.16 g/1L) + Tryptophan (0.50 g/1L) + Tyrosine (0.11 g/1L) Solution Intravenous Baxter Healthcare Corporation 2017-10-25 2019-11-30 US 
Clinimix Valine (4.93 g/2L) + Alanine (17.60 g/2L) + Arginine (9.78 g/2L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.66 g/2L) + D-glucose monohydrate (300.00 g/2L) + Dipotassium phosphate (5.22 g/2L) + Glycine (8.76 g/2L) + Histidine (4.08 g/2L) + Isoleucine (5.10 g/2L) + Leucine (6.20 g/2L) + Lysine (4.93 g/2L) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (1.02 g/2L) + Methionine (3.40 g/2L) + Phenylalanine (4.76 g/2L) + Proline (5.78 g/2L) + Serine (4.25 g/2L) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (5.94 g/2L) + Sodium chloride (1.54 g/2L) + Threonine (3.57 g/2L) + Tryptophan (1.53 g/2L) + Tyrosine (0.34 g/2L) Solution Intravenous Baxter Healthcare Corporation 2017-10-25 2019-11-30 US Clinimix Valine (1.60 g/1L) + Alanine (5.70 g/1L) + Arginine (3.17 g/1L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.33 g/1L) + D-glucose monohydrate (75.00 g/1L) + Dipotassium phosphate (2.61 g/1L) + Glycine (2.84 g/1L) + Histidine (1.32 g/1L) + Isoleucine (1.65 g/1L) + Leucine (2.01 g/1L) + Lysine (2.00 g/1L) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.51 g/1L) + Methionine (1.10 g/1L) + Phenylalanine (1.54 g/1L) + Proline (1.87 g/1L) + Serine (1.38 g/1L) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (2.16 g/1L) + Sodium chloride (1.12 g/1L) + Threonine (1.16 g/1L) + Tryptophan (0.50 g/1L) + Tyrosine (0.11 g/1L) Solution Intravenous Baxter Healthcare Corporation 2017-10-25 2019-11-30 US FREAMINE III %10 1000 ML(SETLI) Valine (0.66 %) + Alanine (0.71 %) + Arginine (0.95 %) + Cysteine (0.016 %) + Glycine (1.4 %) + Histidine (0.28 %) + Isoleucine (0.69 %) + Leucine (0.91 %) + Lysine (0.73 %) + Methionine (0.53 %) + Phenylalanine (0.56 %) + Proline (1.12 %) + Serine (0.59 %) + Threonine (0.4 %) + Tryptophan (0.15 %) Solution Intravenous ECZACIBAŞI-BAXTER HASTANE ÜRÜNLERİ SAN.VE TİC. A.Ş. 2020-08-14 Not applicable Turkey 
FREAMINE III %10 1000 ML(SETSIZ) Valine (0.66 %) + Alanine (0.71 %) + Arginine (0.95 %) + Cysteine (0.016 %) + Glycine (1.4 %) + Histidine (0.28 %) + Isoleucine (0.69 %) + Leucine (0.91 %) + Lysine (0.73 %) + Methionine (0.53 %) + Phenylalanine (0.56 %) + Proline (1.12 %) + Serine (0.59 %) + Threonine (0.4 %) + Tryptophan (0.15 %) Solution Intravenous ECZACIBAŞI-BAXTER HASTANE ÜRÜNLERİ SAN.VE TİC. A.Ş. 2020-08-14 Not applicable Turkey FREAMINE III %10 500 ML(SETLI) Valine (0.66 %) + Alanine (0.71 %) + Arginine (0.95 %) + Cysteine (0.016 %) + Glycine (1.4 %) + Histidine (0.28 %) + Isoleucine (0.69 %) + Leucine (0.91 %) + Lysine (0.73 %) + Methionine (0.53 %) + Phenylalanine (0.56 %) + Proline (1.12 %) + Serine (0.59 %) + Threonine (0.4 %) + Tryptophan (0.15 %) Solution Intravenous ECZACIBAŞI-BAXTER HASTANE ÜRÜNLERİ SAN.VE TİC. A.Ş. 2020-08-14 Not applicable Turkey FREAMINE III %10 500 ML(SETSIZ) Valine (0.66 %) + Alanine (0.71 %) + Arginine (0.95 %) + Cysteine (0.016 %) + Glycine (1.4 %) + Histidine (0.28 %) + Isoleucine (0.69 %) + Leucine (0.91 %) + Lysine (0.73 %) + Methionine (0.53 %) + Phenylalanine (0.56 %) + Proline (1.12 %) + Serine (0.59 %) + Threonine (0.4 %) + Tryptophan (0.15 %) Solution Intravenous ECZACIBAŞI-BAXTER HASTANE ÜRÜNLERİ SAN.VE TİC. A.Ş. 2020-08-14 Not applicable Turkey FREAMINE III %8.5 500 ML(SETLI) Valine (0.56 %) + Alanine (0.6 %) + Arginine (0.81 %) + Cysteine (0.014 %) + Glycine (1.19 %) + Histidine (0.24 %) + Isoleucine (0.59 %) + Leucine (0.77 %) + Lysine (0.62 %) + Methionine (0.45 %) + Phenylalanine (0.48 %) + Proline (0.95 %) + Serine (0.5 %) + Threonine (0.34 %) + Tryptophan (0.13 %) Solution Intravenous ECZACIBAŞI-BAXTER HASTANE ÜRÜNLERİ SAN.VE TİC. A.Ş. 2020-08-14 Not applicable Turkey FREAMINE III %8.5 500 ML(SETSIZ) Valine (0.56 %) + Alanine (0.6 %) + Arginine (0.81 %) + Cysteine (0.014 %) + Glycine (1.19 %) + Histidine (0.24 %) + Isoleucine (0.59 %) + Leucine (0.77 %) + Lysine (0.62 %) + Methionine (0.45 %) + Phenylalanine (0.48 %) + Proline (0.95 %) + Serine (0.5 %) + Threonine (0.34 %) + Tryptophan (0.13 %) Solution Intravenous ECZACIBAŞI-BAXTER HASTANE ÜRÜNLERİ SAN.VE TİC. A.Ş. 2020-08-14 Not applicable Turkey FRESELAMIN %10 1000 ML SETLI SISE Valine (0.66 %) + Alanine (0.71 %) + Arginine (0.95 %) + Cysteine (0.016 %) + Glycine (1.4 %) + Histidine (0.28 %) + Isoleucine (0.69 %) + Leucine (0.91 %) + Lysine (0.73 %) + Methionine (0.53 %) + Phenylalanine (0.56 %) + Proline (1.12 %) + Serine (0.59 %) + Threonine (0.4 %) + Tryptophan (0.15 %) Solution Intravenous OSEL İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş. 2020-08-14 Not applicable Turkey
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as valine and derivatives. These are compounds containing valine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of valine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Carboxylic acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
- Direct Parent
- Valine and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- L-alpha-amino acids / Methyl-branched fatty acids / Amino acids / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Organopnictogen compounds / Organic oxides / Monoalkylamines / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
- Substituents
- Aliphatic acyclic compound / Alpha-amino acid / Amine / Amino acid / Branched fatty acid / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid / Fatty acid / Fatty acyl / Hydrocarbon derivative
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic acyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- proteinogenic amino acid, L-alpha-amino acid, valine, pyruvate family amino acid (CHEBI:16414) / Common amino acids (C00183)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- HG18B9YRS7
- CAS number
- 72-18-4
- InChI Key
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C5H11NO2/c1-3(2)4(6)5(7)8/h3-4H,6H2,1-2H3,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (2S)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid
- SMILES
- CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O
References
- Synthesis Reference
Hiroshi Matsui, Takayasu Tsuchida, Shigeru Nakamori, "Method for producing L-valine by fermentation." U.S. Patent US4391907, issued July, 1981.
US4391907- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0000883
- KEGG Drug
- D00039
- KEGG Compound
- C00183
- PubChem Compound
- 6287
- PubChem Substance
- 46504886
- ChemSpider
- 6050
- BindingDB
- 50463208
- 11115
- ChEBI
- 16414
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL43068
- ZINC
- ZINC000000895099
- PharmGKB
- PA451843
- PDBe Ligand
- VAL
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Valine
- MSDS
- Download (72 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Critically Ill Patients / Starvation 1 4 Terminated Supportive Care Cancer-related Malnutrition 1 4 Terminated Supportive Care Critically Ill Patients 1 4 Terminated Supportive Care Parenteral Nutrition (No Primary Condition Studied) 1 4 Withdrawn Supportive Care Malnutrition 1 3 Completed Treatment Critically Ill Patients 2 3 Completed Treatment Infants, Premature / Low Birth Weight Infants / Newborn Infants / Sepsis / Small for Gestational Age Infants 1 3 Completed Treatment Parenteral Feedings / Surgery 1 3 Completed Treatment Parenteral Nutrition for Patients With Proven Insufficient Enteral Resorption 1 3 Completed Treatment Parenteral Nutrition / Surgery 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- B. Braun Melsungen AG
- Baxter International Inc.
- Hospira Inc.
- Spectrum Pharmaceuticals
- V Sab Medical Labs Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Solution Intravenous 10.50 g/1000ml Injection Intravenous 0.5 g/l Injection Intravenous 0.25 g/1000ml Solution, concentrate Intravenous Solution, concentrate Intravenous 5 g Injection Intravenous 0.52 g/l Injection Intravenous 11.000 g/1000ml Injection Intravenous 5.5 g/1000ml Liquid Intravenous Tablet Oral Injection, solution Intravenous Injection Intravenous 16 g/1000ml Capsule Oral Injection, emulsion Intravenous Injection Intravenous 2.3 g/1000ml Injection Intravenous 1.6 g/l Injection Intravenous 0.37 g/l Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous Injection, emulsion Parenteral Injection, emulsion; injection, solution Intravenous Emulsion Parenteral Emulsion Intravenous Injection, solution Injection, emulsion Intravenous 4.656 g/1000ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 6.792 g/1000ml Injection, solution Intraperitoneal Liquid Hemodialysis Solution Intraperitoneal 0.184 g/l Solution Intraperitoneal Emulsion Intravenous 0.3 g/l Emulsion Intravenous 176 g/l Emulsion Intravenous 4 g Emulsion Intravenous 3 g Solution Intravenous Injection Intravenous 4 g/l Injection Intravenous 0.21 g/100ml Solution Parenteral Injection, emulsion Intravenous 14 g/1000ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 4.3 g/1000ml Emulsion Intravenous 0.74 g/L Injection Intravenous 10.30 g/l Injection Intravenous Injection Intravenous 0.54 g/100ml Injection Intravenous 6.3 g/1000ml Granule - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit L-valine crystal 3.19USD g DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 315 °C PhysProp water solubility 5.85E+004 mg/L (at 25 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992) logP -2.26 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) pKa 2.3 (at 13 °C) KORTUM,G ET AL (1961) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 214.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -2.3 ALOGPS logP -2 ChemAxon logS 0.26 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 2.72 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 9.6 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 63.32 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 2 ChemAxon Refractivity 29.49 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 12.19 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 0 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9527 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.5852 Caco-2 permeable - 0.8768 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.7977 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9872 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9955 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9679 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8395 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.873 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.7576 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.8276 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9523 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9583 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9722 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9359 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9916 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9132 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.5785 Biodegradation Ready biodegradable 0.646 Rat acute toxicity 1.4765 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9943 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9795
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
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- Spectra
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Propionyl-coa carboxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- PCCB
- Uniprot ID
- P05166
- Uniprot Name
- Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 58215.13 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Kim SN, Ryu KH, Lee EH, Kim JS, Hahn SH: Molecular analysis of PCCB gene in Korean patients with propionic acidemia. Mol Genet Metab. 2002 Nov;77(3):209-16. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- L-valine transaminase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine.
- Gene Name
- BCAT1
- Uniprot ID
- P54687
- Uniprot Name
- Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic
- Molecular Weight
- 42965.815 Da
References
- Chen CD, Huang TF, Lin CH, Guan HH, Hsieh YC, Lin YH, Huang YC, Liu MY, Chang WC, Chen CJ: Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of branched-chain aminotransferase from Deinococcus radiodurans. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2007 Jun 1;63(Pt 6):492-4. Epub 2007 May 5. [Article]
- Beck HC: Branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase mutant of Staphylococcus carnosus. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2005 Feb 1;243(1):37-44. [Article]
- Saito M, Nishimura K, Wakabayashi S, Kurihara T, Nagata Y: Purification of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase from Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637. Amino Acids. 2007 Sep;33(3):445-9. Epub 2006 Nov 2. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Valine-trna ligase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- VARS
- Uniprot ID
- P26640
- Uniprot Name
- Valine--tRNA ligase
- Molecular Weight
- 140474.755 Da
References
- Zhu B, Zhao MW, Eriani G, Wang ED: A present-day aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase with ancestral editing properties. RNA. 2007 Jan;13(1):15-21. Epub 2006 Nov 9. [Article]
- Laforest MJ, Delage L, Marechal-Drouard L: The T-domain of cytosolic tRNAVal, an essential determinant for mitochondrial import. FEBS Lett. 2005 Feb 14;579(5):1072-8. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Valine-trna ligase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- VARS
- Uniprot ID
- P26640
- Uniprot Name
- Valine--tRNA ligase
- Molecular Weight
- 140474.755 Da
References
- Zhu B, Zhao MW, Eriani G, Wang ED: A present-day aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase with ancestral editing properties. RNA. 2007 Jan;13(1):15-21. Epub 2006 Nov 9. [Article]
- Laforest MJ, Delage L, Marechal-Drouard L: The T-domain of cytosolic tRNAVal, an essential determinant for mitochondrial import. FEBS Lett. 2005 Feb 14;579(5):1072-8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Propionyl-coa carboxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- PCCB
- Uniprot ID
- P05166
- Uniprot Name
- Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 58215.13 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Kim SN, Ryu KH, Lee EH, Kim JS, Hahn SH: Molecular analysis of PCCB gene in Korean patients with propionic acidemia. Mol Genet Metab. 2002 Nov;77(3):209-16. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- L-valine transaminase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine.
- Gene Name
- BCAT1
- Uniprot ID
- P54687
- Uniprot Name
- Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic
- Molecular Weight
- 42965.815 Da
References
- Chen CD, Huang TF, Lin CH, Guan HH, Hsieh YC, Lin YH, Huang YC, Liu MY, Chang WC, Chen CJ: Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of branched-chain aminotransferase from Deinococcus radiodurans. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2007 Jun 1;63(Pt 6):492-4. Epub 2007 May 5. [Article]
- Beck HC: Branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase mutant of Staphylococcus carnosus. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2005 Feb 1;243(1):37-44. [Article]
- Saito M, Nishimura K, Wakabayashi S, Kurihara T, Nagata Y: Purification of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase from Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637. Amino Acids. 2007 Sep;33(3):445-9. Epub 2006 Nov 2. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Sodium-independent transporter that mediates the update of aromatic acid. Can function as a net efflux pathway for aromatic amino acids in the basosolateral epithelial cells (By similarity).
- Gene Name
- SLC16A10
- Uniprot ID
- Q8TF71
- Uniprot Name
- Monocarboxylate transporter 10
- Molecular Weight
- 55492.07 Da
References
- Kim DK, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H: Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18;276(20):17221-8. Epub 2001 Feb 20. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at October 03, 2021 00:35