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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Orotic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124870MetabolicL-glutamine is first converted to carbamoyl phosphate then to N-Carbamoyl-L-aspartate and finally to dihydroorotate by the CAD protein (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and … It originates from l-glutamine, which is obtained from protein sources such as red meat and eggs in the diet. L-glutamine is metabolized to orotate in the liver.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Oxalic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124875MetabolicGlyoxylate is generated through glycine and hydroxyproline catabolism and can be converted to oxalate. In humans, this process takes place in the liver. … Glycine and hydroxyproline comes from protein sources in the diet such as red meat and eggs. Glycine Is converted into glyoxylate in the peroxisome by the enzyme d-amino acid oxidase.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ascorbic acid · Succinic acid · Glutamic acid · Glycine · Proline +4 moreEnzymes: Sodium- and chloride-dependent transporter XTRP3, Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1Metabolsim and Physiological Effects of Argininic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125504MetabolicArginnosuccinate is synthesized from citrulline and aspartic acid by the enzyme argininosuccinate synthase. That is catalyzed by argininosuccinate lyase to produce arginine and fumaric acid. … Argininic acid is a uremic toxin that is toxic to the nervous system, and it causes various neurlogical disorders such as variable degree of mental retardation, epilepsy and progressive spasticity.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Arginine · Aspartic acid · Ornithine · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate +10 moreEnzymes: Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar1Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Uric acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124845MetabolicUric acid can enter the blood and produce toxic effects on the cardiovascular, renal and joints, leading to cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and arthritis/ gout. … The purines are guanine and adenine. These undergo metabolism in the liver to form uric acid. Adenine forms adenosine through the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of 3-Deoxyglucosone
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125516MetabolicIt normally is synthesized and accumulates with high serum glucose due to diabetes. 3-deoxyglucosone causes cell apoptosis and neurotoxicity. … An amino acid like arginine or lysine are combined with glucose to make a schiff base and water. The schiff base is unstable so it becomes the stable amadori product.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Beta-Alanine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126732MetabolicIt is a component of the naturally occurring peptides carnosine and anserine and also of pantothenic acid (vitamin B-5), which itself is a component of coenzyme A. … It is formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine.
Intracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2a and Adenosine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000320SignalingThe A2A receptor is also expressed in the brain, where it has important roles in the regulation of glutamate and dopamine release.
Drugs: ATP · Adenosine · Magnesium cation · Zinc · Cyclic adenosine monophosphate · Pyrophosphoric acidIntracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2b and Adenosine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000321SignalingAdenosine is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of asthma. Stimulation of A2B can induce production of interleukin-8 mast cells. The adenosine receptor A2b activates G(s) proteins which lead to the activation of adenylyl cycla...
Drugs: ATP · Adenosine · Magnesium cation · Zinc · Cyclic adenosine monophosphate · Pyrophosphoric acidZiconotide NMDA and Substance P Receptor Pain Inhibition Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126347Drug actionsuch as intrathecal morphine and systemic analgesics. … This causes downstream nociceptive neuronal activity and pain perception. Substance P and CGRP both also induce inflammation, further exasperating chronic pain.
Enzymes: Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4, Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1Metabolism and Physiological Effects of N-alpha-Acetyl-L-arginine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125530MetabolicArginnosuccinate is synthesized from citrulline and aspartic acid by the enzyme argininosuccinate synthase. That is catalyzed by argininosuccinate lyase to produce arginine and fumaric acid. … In the blood it works as a uremic toxin to cause kidney damage, cardiovascular disease and neurological deficits.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Arginine · Aspartic acid · Ornithine · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate +10 moreEnzymes: Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar1