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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of 3-Deoxyglucosone
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125516MetabolicAn amino acid like arginine or lysine are combined with glucose to make a schiff base and water. The schiff base is unstable so it becomes the stable amadori product. … It normally is synthesized and accumulates with high serum glucose due to diabetes. 3-deoxyglucosone causes cell apoptosis and neurotoxicity.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123192MetabolicCholine gets metabolized by the enzyme complex CutC/D into trimethylamine. This trimethylamine then enters a liver hepatocyte through portal circulation and gets metabolized by FMO3 to form TMAO. … First choline obtained from choline rich foods such as eggs or meat enter the gut and get metabolized to trimethylamine by gut microbes.
Ziconotide NMDA and Substance P Receptor Pain Inhibition Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126347Drug actionTherefore substance P, CGRP, and glutamate are not released into the synapse and cannot activate the substance P receptors, CGRP receptors, or the N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors on the post-synaptic … Ziconotide is a neurotoxic peptide derived from the cone snail Conus magus comprising 25 amino acids with three disulphide bonds.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of N-alpha-Acetyl-L-arginine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125530MetabolicArginnosuccinate is synthesized from citrulline and aspartic acid by the enzyme argininosuccinate synthase. That is catalyzed by argininosuccinate lyase to produce arginine and fumaric acid. … Glutamic acid is carboxylated into 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid by the enzyme Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase. 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid with glutaric acid synthesize Oxoglutaric acid and
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Arginine · Aspartic acid · Ornithine · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate +10 moreEnzymes: Neutral amino acid transporter A, Low affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2Icosapent Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 anti-inflammatory Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126557Drug actionIcosapent is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)). It is mostly found in fish oils. … This molecule also inhibits the arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families because it inhibits the prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2).
Fish oil Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 anti-inflammatory Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126563Drug actionFish oil is made of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). … EPA and DHA do competition with arachidonic acids for both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.
Alfacalcidol Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125069Drug actionCalcitriol interacts with vitamin D receptors in the small intestine to enhance the efficiency of intestinal calcium and phosphorous absorption from about 10-15% to 30-40% and 60% increased to 80%, respectively … Alfacalcidol is a vitamin D analogue used for the management of hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and osteodystrophy in patients with chronic renal failure, as well as some types of rickets
Enzymes: Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase, Vitamin D3 receptorOxidation of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000030MetabolicNow moving to the mitochondria, there are four reactions that occur, and are repeated for each molecule of the fatty acid. … Unfortunately, traditional fatty acid oxidation does not work for branched-chain fatty acids, or fatty acids that do not have an even number of carbons, like the fatty acid phytanic acid, found in animal
Enzymes: Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1, ATP-binding cassette sub-family D member 1Glycogenosis, Type IA. Von Gierke Disease
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000581DiseaseGlycogenosis, Type IA, also called Von Gierke Disease, is a rare inborn error of metabolism (IEM) and autosomal recessive disorder and caused by a defective glucose-6-phosphatase. … Glucose-6-phosphatase catalyzes the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate into D-glucose and conversion of D-glucose to glucose 6-phosphate.
Acepromazine Dopamine Antagonist Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126576Drug actionIts principal value is in quietening and calming anxious animals. … symptoms), on serotonergic-receptors (5-HT1 and 5-HT2, with anxiolytic, antidepressive and antiaggressive properties as well as an attenuation of extrapyramidal side-effects, but also leading to weight
Enzymes: Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase, D(2) dopamine receptor