Oxytocin

Identification

Summary

Oxytocin is a recombinant hormone used to induce or strengthen uterine contractions in pregnant women to aid in labor and delivery or to control postpartum bleeding.

Brand Names

Pitocin

Generic Name

Oxytocin

DrugBank Accession Number

DB00107

Background

Sir Henry H. Dale first identified oxytocin and its uterine contractile properties in 1906.^13,7,20 Like all other neurohypophysial hormones, oxytocin is composed of nine amino acids with a disulfide bridge between the Cys 1 and 6 residues.^13,7 In the mid-1950s, synthetic oxytocin was successfully synthesized by a biochemist named Vincent du Vigneaud; he was later recognized with a Nobel prize for his work.²⁰ Oxytocin continues to be an important tool in modern obstetrics to induce labor when indicated and to manage postpartum hemorrhage.^20,21 It is estimated that labor induction with oxytocin is used in almost 10% of deliveries globally.⁷

It should be noted that there are risks associated with oxytocin intervention during childbirth. Oxytocin should be used judiciously only when necessary and by experienced healthcare practitioners.²¹

Although most commonly linked to labor and delivery, oxytocin actually has broad peripheral and central effects.¹³ It plays an important role in pair bonding, social cognition and functioning, and even fear conditioning.¹⁴ Oxytocin also serves a role in metabolic homeostasis and cardiovascular regulation.^7,19

Type

Biotech

Groups

Approved, Vet approved

Biologic Classification

Protein Based Therapies
Hormones

Protein Structure

Protein Chemical Formula

C₄₃H₆₆N₁₂O₁₂S₂

Protein Average Weight

1007.187 Da

Sequences

>DB00107 sequence
CYIQNCPLG

Download FASTA Format

Synonyms

• Oxitocina
• Oxytocin

Pharmacology

Indication

Administration of exogenous oxytocin is indicated in the antepartum period to initiate or improve uterine contractions for vaginal delivery in situations where there is fetal or maternal concern.²² For example, It may be used to induce labor in cases of Rh sensitization, maternal diabetes, preeclampsia at or near term, and when delivery is indicated due to prematurely ruptured membranes.^15,22 Importantly, oxytocin is not approved or indicated for elective induction of labor. Oxytocin may be used to reinforce labor in select cases of uterine inertia and as adjunctive therapy in the management of incomplete or inevitable abortion. In the postpartum period, oxytocin may be used to induced contractions in the 3rd stage of labor and to control postpartum bleeding or hemorrhage.²²

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Associated Conditions

• Incomplete Abortion
• Inevitable abortion
• Postpartum Bleeding

Associated Therapies

• Reinforcement of labor

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Oxytocin is a nonapeptide, pleiotropic hormone that exerts important physiological effects.^6,8 It is most well known to stimulate parturition and lactation, but also has important physiological influences on metabolic and cardiovascular functions, sexual and maternal behaviour, pair bonding, social cognition, and fear conditioning.^6,11,14

It is worth noting that oxytocin receptors are not limited to the reproductive system but can be found in many peripheral tissues and in central nervous system structures including the brain stem and amygdala.^11,12,13,14

Mechanism of action

Oxytocin plays a vital role in labour and delivery.⁹ The hormone is produced in the hypothalamus and is secreted from the paraventricular nucleus to the posterior pituitary where it is stored.^9,10 It is then released in pulses during childbirth to induce uterine contractions.⁹

The concentration of oxytocin receptors on the myometrium increases significantly during pregnancy and reaches a peak in early labor.²² Activation of oxytocin receptors on the myometrium triggers a downstream cascade that leads to increased intracellular calcium in uterine myofibrils which strengthens and increases the frequency of uterine contractions.^22,10,6

In humans, most hormones are regulated by negative feedback; however, oxytocin is one of the few that is regulated by positive feedback.¹⁰ The head of the fetus pushing on the cervix signals the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary of the mother.¹⁰ Oxytocin then travels to the uterus where it stimulates uterine contractions.¹⁰ The elicited uterine contractions will then stimulate the release of increasing amounts of oxytocin.¹⁰ This positive feedback loop will continue until parturition.¹⁰

Since exogenously administered and endogenously secreted oxytocin result in the same effects on the female reproductive system, synthetic oxytocin may be used in specific instances during the antepartum and postpartum period to induce or improve uterine contractions.^10,22

Target	Actions	Organism
AOxytocin receptor	agonist	Humans

Absorption

Oxytocin is administered parenterally and is fully bioavailable. It takes approximately 40 minutes for oxytocin to reach steady-state concentrations in the plasma after parenteral administration.²³

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Oxytocin is rapidly removed from the plasma by the liver and kidney.²² The enzyme oxytocinase is largely responsible for the metabolism and regulation of oxytocin levels in pregnancy and only a small percentage of the neurohormone is excreted in the urine unchanged.^22,23 Oxytocinase activity increases throughout pregnancy and peaks in the plasma, placenta and uterus near term.²³ The placenta is a key source of oxytocinase during gestation and produces increasing amounts of the enzyme in response to increasing levels of oxytocin produced by the mother.^17,18 Oxytocinase activity is also expressed in mammary glands, heart, kidney, and the small intestine.⁷ Lower levels of activity can be found in the brain, spleen, liver, skeletal muscle, testes, and colon.⁷ The level of oxytocin degradation is negligible in non-pregnant women, men, and cord blood.²³

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

• Oxytocin

Route of elimination

The enzyme oxytocinase is largely responsible for the metabolism and regulation of oxytocin levels in pregnancy; only a small percentage of the neurohormone is excreted in the urine unchanged.^22,23

Half-life

The plasma half-life of oxytocin ranges from 1-6 minutes. The half-life is decreased in late pregnancy and during lactation.²²

Clearance

In a study that observed 10 women who were given oxytocin to induce labor, the mean metabolic clearance rate was 7.87 mL/min.¹⁶

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

Administration of supratherapeutic doses of exogenous oxytocin can lead to myocardial ischemia, tachycardia, and arrhythmias.¹⁰ High doses can also lead to uterine spasms, hypertonicity, or rupture.¹⁰ Oxytocin has antidiuretic properties, thus, high daily doses (as a single dose or administered slowly over 24 hours) may lead to extreme water intoxication resulting in maternal seizures, coma, and even death.¹⁰ The risk of antidiuresis and water intoxication in the mother appears to be greater when fluids are given orally.¹⁰

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

• Approved
• Vet approved
• Nutraceutical
• Illicit
• Withdrawn
• Investigational
• Experimental
• All Drugs

Drug	Interaction
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Acrivastine	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Oxytocin is combined with Acrivastine.
Adenosine	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Oxytocin is combined with Adenosine.
Ajmaline	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Oxytocin is combined with Ajmaline.
Alfuzosin	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Oxytocin is combined with Alfuzosin.
Alimemazine	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Oxytocin is combined with Alimemazine.
Amantadine	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Oxytocin is combined with Amantadine.
Amifampridine	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Oxytocin is combined with Amifampridine.
Amiodarone	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Oxytocin is combined with Amiodarone.
Amisulpride	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Oxytocin is combined with Amisulpride.
Amitriptyline	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Oxytocin is combined with Amitriptyline.

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Food Interactions

No interactions found.

Products

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Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Oxytocin	Injection, solution	10 [USP'U]/500mL	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2011-10-20	2012-11-09
Oxytocin	Injection, solution	10 [USP'U]/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous	Cardinal Health	2000-08-10	2020-12-31
Oxytocin	Injection, solution	20 [USP'U]/1000mL	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2011-10-20	2015-01-14
Oxytocin	Injection	10 [USP'U]/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous	Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.	1980-04-29	Not applicable
Oxytocin	Injection, solution	30 [USP'U]/500mL	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2011-10-20	Not applicable
Oxytocin	Injection, solution	2 [USP'U]/100mL	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2012-11-12	Not applicable
Oxytocin	Injection, solution	10 [USP'U]/500mL	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2011-10-20	2012-11-12
Oxytocin	Injection, solution	20 [USP'U]/500mL	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2016-03-18	Not applicable
Oxytocin	Injection, solution	10 [USP'U]/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous	Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC	2000-08-10	Not applicable
Oxytocin	Injection, solution	30 [USP'U]/500mL	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2011-07-01	Not applicable

Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Oxytocin	Injection	10 [iU]/1mL	Intravenous	Par Pharmaceutical	2012-06-01	2015-07-13
Oxytocin	Injection	100 [USP'U]/10mL	Intravenous	Teva Parenteral Medicines, Inc.	2008-01-24	2011-02-28
Oxytocin	Injection, solution	10 [USP'U]/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous	Sagent Pharmaceuticals	2018-04-01	2018-07-19
Oxytocin	Injection	100 [USP'U]/10mL	Intramuscular; Intravascular	Hikma Farmaceutica	2009-08-01	2014-10-01
Oxytocin	Injection	10 [USP'U]/1mL	Intravenous	Teva Parenteral Medicines, Inc.	2008-01-24	2011-04-30
Oxytocin	Injection	10 [USP'U]/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous	West-Ward Pharmaceuticals Corp	2013-02-13	Not applicable
Oxytocin	Injection	10 [iU]/1mL	Intravenous	Par Pharmaceutical	2012-06-01	2015-04-30
Oxytocin	Injection	10 [USP'U]/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous	Hikma Farmaceutica	2009-08-01	2014-10-01
Oxytocin	Injection	10 [USP'U]/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous	West-Ward Pharmaceuticals Corp	2013-02-13	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Bakumokon 5% Minoxidil	Oxytocin (0.01 mg/100mg) + Dutasteride (0.1 mg/100mg) + Minoxidil (5 mg/100mg)	Liquid	Topical	DS LABORATORIES, INC.	2015-02-09	2017-10-19
Bakumokon 7% Minoxidil Sulfate	Oxytocin (0.01 mg/100mg) + Dutasteride (0.1 mg/100mg) + Minoxidil sulfate (7 mg/100mg)	Liquid	Topical	DS LABORATORIES, INC.	2015-02-09	2017-10-11
SYNTOMETRINE INJECTION	Oxytocin (5 iu/ml) + Ergonovine maleate (0.5 mg/ml)	Injection	Intramuscular; Intravenous	PHARMACON PTE LTD	1989-05-07	Not applicable

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Oxytocin	Oxytocin (20 [USP'U]/500mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2016-03-18	Not applicable
Oxytocin	Oxytocin (30 [USP'U]/500mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2011-07-01	Not applicable
Oxytocin	Oxytocin (30 [USP'U]/500mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2011-10-20	Not applicable
Oxytocin	Oxytocin (10 [USP'U]/500mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2011-10-20	2012-11-09
Oxytocin	Oxytocin (2 [USP'U]/100mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2011-10-20	Not applicable
Oxytocin	Oxytocin (30 [USP'U]/1000mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2016-03-18	Not applicable
Oxytocin	Oxytocin (30 [USP'U]/500mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2011-10-20	Not applicable
Oxytocin	Oxytocin (2 [USP'U]/100mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2012-11-12	Not applicable
Oxytocin	Oxytocin (10 [USP'U]/500mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2011-10-20	2012-11-12
Oxytocin	Oxytocin (20 [USP'U]/1000mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2011-10-20	2017-12-06

Categories

ATC Codes

G02AC01 — Methylergometrine and oxytocin

• G02AC — Ergot alkaloids and oxytocin incl. analogues, in combination
• G02A — UTEROTONICS
• G02 — OTHER GYNECOLOGICALS
• G — GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES

H01BB02 — Oxytocin

• H01BB — Oxytocin and analogues
• H01B — POSTERIOR PITUITARY LOBE HORMONES
• H01 — PITUITARY AND HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES AND ANALOGUES
• H — SYSTEMIC HORMONAL PREPARATIONS, EXCL. SEX HORMONES AND INSULINS

Drug Categories

• Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
• Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
• Hormones
• Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
• Increased Uterine Smooth Muscle Contraction or Tone
• Oxytocin and Analogues
• Oxytocin, analogs & derivatives
• Peptide Hormones
• Peptides
• Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones and Analogues
• Pituitary Hormones
• Pituitary Hormones, Posterior
• Posterior Pituitary Lobe Hormones
• Potential QTc-Prolonging Agents
• QTc Prolonging Agents
• Reproductive Control Agents
• Systemic Hormonal Preparations, Excl. Sex Hormones and Insulins
• Uterotonic agents

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Description

Not Available

Kingdom

Organic Compounds

Super Class

Organic Acids

Class

Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives

Sub Class

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues

Direct Parent

Peptides

Alternative Parents

Not Available

Substituents

Not Available

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

Not Available

Affected organisms

• Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII

1JQS135EYN

CAS number

50-56-6

References

Synthesis Reference

Kerstin Uvnas-Moberg, Thomas Lundeberg, "Use of substances having oxytocin activity for preparation of medicaments for wound healing." U.S. Patent US6262021, issued August, 1988.

US6262021

General References

1. Kosfeld M, Heinrichs M, Zak PJ, Fischbacher U, Fehr E: Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Nature. 2005 Jun 2;435(7042):673-6. [Article]
2. Takayanagi Y, Yoshida M, Bielsky IF, Ross HE, Kawamata M, Onaka T, Yanagisawa T, Kimura T, Matzuk MM, Young LJ, Nishimori K: Pervasive social deficits, but normal parturition, in oxytocin receptor-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Nov 1;102(44):16096-101. Epub 2005 Oct 25. [Article]
3. Carmichael MS, Humbert R, Dixen J, Palmisano G, Greenleaf W, Davidson JM: Plasma oxytocin increases in the human sexual response. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987 Jan;64(1):27-31. [Article]
4. Paquin J, Danalache BA, Jankowski M, McCann SM, Gutkowska J: Oxytocin induces differentiation of P19 embryonic stem cells to cardiomyocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jul 9;99(14):9550-5. Epub 2002 Jul 1. [Article]
5. Jankowski M, Danalache B, Wang D, Bhat P, Hajjar F, Marcinkiewicz M, Paquin J, McCann SM, Gutkowska J: Oxytocin in cardiac ontogeny. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 31;101(35):13074-9. Epub 2004 Aug 17. [Article]
6. Arrowsmith S, Wray S: Oxytocin: its mechanism of action and receptor signalling in the myometrium. J Neuroendocrinol. 2014 Jun;26(6):356-69. doi: 10.1111/jne.12154. [Article]
7. Ding C, Leow MK, Magkos F: Oxytocin in metabolic homeostasis: implications for obesity and diabetes management. Obes Rev. 2019 Jan;20(1):22-40. doi: 10.1111/obr.12757. Epub 2018 Sep 25. [Article]
8. Carter CS, Kenkel WM, MacLean EL, Wilson SR, Perkeybile AM, Yee JR, Ferris CF, Nazarloo HP, Porges SW, Davis JM, Connelly JJ, Kingsbury MA: Is Oxytocin "Nature's Medicine"? Pharmacol Rev. 2020 Oct;72(4):829-861. doi: 10.1124/pr.120.019398. [Article]
9. Uvnas-Moberg K, Ekstrom-Bergstrom A, Berg M, Buckley S, Pajalic Z, Hadjigeorgiou E, Kotlowska A, Lengler L, Kielbratowska B, Leon-Larios F, Magistretti CM, Downe S, Lindstrom B, Dencker A: Maternal plasma levels of oxytocin during physiological childbirth - a systematic review with implications for uterine contractions and central actions of oxytocin. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019 Aug 9;19(1):285. doi: 10.1186/s12884-019-2365-9. [Article]
10. Osilla EV, Sharma S: Oxytocin . [Article]
11. Gutkowska J, Jankowski M: Oxytocin: Old Hormone, New Drug. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2009 Dec 9;2(3):168-183. doi: 10.3390/ph203168. [Article]
12. Mitre M, Kranz TM, Marlin BJ, Schiavo JK, Erdjument-Bromage H, Zhang X, Minder J, Neubert TA, Hackett TA, Chao MV, Froemke RC: Sex-Specific Differences in Oxytocin Receptor Expression and Function for Parental Behavior. Gend Genome. 2017 Dec 1;1(4):142-166. doi: 10.1089/gg.2017.0017. [Article]
13. Gimpl G, Fahrenholz F: The oxytocin receptor system: structure, function, and regulation. Physiol Rev. 2001 Apr;81(2):629-83. doi: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.629. [Article]
14. Jones C, Barrera I, Brothers S, Ring R, Wahlestedt C: Oxytocin and social functioning. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2017 Jun;19(2):193-201. [Article]
15. GOLUBOFF N, MCKENZIE JW, BROWN AB: INDUCTION OF LABOUR FOR PREVENTION OF STILLBIRTH FROM RH HEMOLYTIC DISEASE. Can Med Assoc J. 1963 Dec 28;89:1313-9. [Article]
16. Perry RL, Satin AJ, Barth WH, Valtier S, Cody JT, Hankins GD: The pharmacokinetics of oxytocin as they apply to labor induction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996 May;174(5):1590-3. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70611-7. [Article]
17. Mathur VS, Walker JM: Oxytocinase in plasma and placenta in normal and prolonged labour. Br Med J. 1968 Jul 13;3(5610):96-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.3.5610.96. [Article]
18. Klimek R: Oxytocinase as the most important marker of fetal development. Early Pregnancy. 2001 Jan;5(1):38-9. [Article]
19. Gutkowska J, Jankowski M, Antunes-Rodrigues J: The role of oxytocin in cardiovascular regulation. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2014 Feb;47(3):206-14. Epub 2014 Mar 18. [Article]
20. den Hertog CE, de Groot AN, van Dongen PW: History and use of oxytocics. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2001 Jan;94(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/s0301-2115(00)00311-0. [Article]
21. Hidalgo-Lopezosa P, Hidalgo-Maestre M, Rodriguez-Borrego MA: Labor stimulation with oxytocin: effects on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2016;24:e2744. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.0765.2744. Epub 2016 Jul 25. [Article]
22. FDA Approved Drug Products: Pitocin (oxytocin) injection [Link]
23. Prescribers Digital Reference (PDR): Oxytocin - Drug Summary [Link]

External Links

KEGG Drug

D00089

KEGG Compound

C00746

PubChem Substance

46506775

RxNav

7824

ChEMBL

CHEMBL395429

Therapeutic Targets Database

DAP001156

PharmGKB

PA450760

Guide to Pharmacology

GtP Drug Page

RxList

RxList Drug Page

Drugs.com

Drugs.com Drug Page

Wikipedia

Oxytocin

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Pregnant Patients With Obesity	1
4	Completed	Not Available	Anxiety Disorders / Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Health	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Nicotine Dependence / Tobacco Smoking Behavior	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Pain, Chronic	2
4	Completed	Basic Science	Pain, Chronic caused by Injury	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Social Behavior	1
4	Completed	Other	Induction of Labour / Obesity / Oxytocin	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Adverse Reaction to Oxytocin	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Bloodloss / Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH)	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

• App pharmaceuticals llc
• Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia critical care
• Teva parenteral medicines inc
• Abbott laboratories pharmaceutical products div
• Jhp pharmaceuticals llc
• Novartis pharmaceuticals corp

Packagers

• APP Pharmaceuticals
• BAM Biotech
• Baxter International Inc.
• Bimeda Inc.
• Cardinal Health
• Central Admixture Pharmacy Services
• Gallipot
• Gland Pharma Ltd.
• Hikma Pharmaceuticals
• JHP Pharmaceuticals LLC
• Monarch Pharmacy
• MWI Veterinary Supply Co.
• Osburn Drug Co.
• PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Pharmakon
• Pharmedium
• Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• Vedco Inc.
• Watson Pharmaceuticals

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Liquid	Topical
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	5 iu/ml
Injection, solution
Injection, solution		16.7 MICROGRAMMI/ML
Injection, solution		8.3 MICROGRAMMI/ML
Solution	Intravenous	5 IU
Solution	Intravenous	10 IU
Solution	Parenteral	10 IU
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	10 IU
Injection	Intramuscular; Intravascular	100 [USP'U]/10mL
Injection	Intravenous
Injection	Intravenous	10 [USP'U]/1mL
Injection	Intravenous	10 [iU]/1mL
Injection	Intravenous	100 [USP'U]/10mL
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	10 [USP'U]/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	10 [USP'U]/1000mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	10 [USP'U]/500mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	2 [USP'U]/100mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	20 [USP'U]/500mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	20 [USP'U]/1000mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	30 [USP'U]/1000mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	30 [USP'U]/500mL
Injection, solution	Parenteral
Liquid	Intramuscular; Intravenous	10 unit / mL
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	10 unit / mL
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Injection	Intramuscular; Intravenous	10 [USP'U]/1mL
Injection	Intravenous	10
Injection	Parenteral	10 IU
Injection	Intravenous	5 IU
Injection
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	5 i.u./ml
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Injection	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	10 [iU]/1mL
Injection, solution	Parenteral	5 U.I./ML
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	2 IU/ml
Solution	Parenteral
Solution	Parenteral	50 IU
Injection	Intramuscular; Intravenous	10 iu/ml
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	5 IU
Injection	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Injection	Intramuscular
Injection, solution	Intramuscular	5 mg/5mg
Injection	Intravenous	10 IU/ml
Solution		10 IU/1ml

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Oxytocin powder	1762.25USD	g
Oxytocin 10 unit/ml vial	9.84USD	vial
Pitocin 10 unit/ml vial	1.6USD	ml
Oxytocin-lr 40 unit/500 ml	0.09USD	ml
Oxytocin-d5w-lr 40 unit/500 ml	0.07USD	ml
Oxytocin-d5lr 30 unit/500 ml	0.06USD	ml
Oxytocin-lr 20 unit/500 ml	0.06USD	ml
Oxytocin-d5w-lr 15 unit/500 ml	0.05USD	ml
Oxytocin-d5w-lr 20 unit/500 ml	0.05USD	ml
Oxytocin-lr 10 unit/500 ml	0.05USD	ml
Oxytocin-d5-1/4ns 15 unit/250	0.04USD	ml
Oxytocin-d5w 40 unit/1000 ml	0.04USD	ml
Oxytocin-d5w-lr 10 unit/500 ml	0.04USD	ml
Oxytocin-d5w 20 unit/1000 ml	0.03USD	ml
Oxytocin-d5w 30 unit/1000 ml	0.03USD	ml
Oxytocin-lr 30 unit/500 ml	0.03USD	ml
Oxytocin-ns 30 unit/1000 ml	0.03USD	ml
Oxytocin-d5w 10 unit/1000 ml	0.02USD	ml
Oxytocin-lr 5 unit/500 ml	0.02USD	ml
Oxytocin-ns 40 unit/1000 ml	0.02USD	ml
Oxytocin-d5-1/2ns 10 unit/1000	0.01USD	ml
Oxytocin-d5-1/2ns 20 unit/1000	0.01USD	ml
Oxytocin-d5-1/2ns 30 unit/1000	0.01USD	ml
Oxytocin-d5-ns 20 unit/1000 ml	0.01USD	ml
Oxytocin-ns 10 unit/1000 ml	0.01USD	ml
Oxytocin-ns 20 unit/1000 ml	0.01USD	ml

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Liquid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	192-194 ℃	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB0366966.htm
hydrophobicity	-2.7	Not Available
isoelectric point	5.51	Not Available

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.

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Binding Properties

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Property	Measurement	pH	Temperature (°C)	References
IC 50 (nM)	2.7	N/A	N/A	A27332

Details

Binding Properties1. Oxytocin receptor

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Yes

Actions

Agonist

General Function

Vasopressin receptor activity

Specific Function

Receptor for oxytocin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.

Gene Name

OXTR

Uniprot ID

P30559

Uniprot Name

Oxytocin receptor

Molecular Weight

42770.99 Da

References

1. Spyranti Z, Fragiadaki M, Magafa V, Borovickova L, Spyroulias GA, Cordopatis P, Slaninova J: In position 7 L- and D-Tic-substituted oxytocin and deamino oxytocin: NMR study and conformational insights. Amino Acids. 2010 Jul;39(2):539-48. doi: 10.1007/s00726-009-0470-1. Epub 2010 Jan 27. [Article]
2. Frantz MC, Rodrigo J, Boudier L, Durroux T, Mouillac B, Hibert M: Subtlety of the structure-affinity and structure-efficacy relationships around a nonpeptide oxytocin receptor agonist. J Med Chem. 2010 Feb 25;53(4):1546-62. doi: 10.1021/jm901084f. [Article]
3. Gimpl G, Reitz J, Brauer S, Trossen C: Oxytocin receptors: ligand binding, signalling and cholesterol dependence. Prog Brain Res. 2008;170:193-204. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00417-2. [Article]
4. Ahn TG, Han SJ, Cho YS, An TH, Pak SC, Flouret G: In vivo activity of the potent oxytocin antagonist on uterine activity in the rat. In Vivo. 2004 Nov-Dec;18(6):763-6. [Article]
5. Furman DJ, Chen MC, Gotlib IH: Variant in oxytocin receptor gene is associated with amygdala volume. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011 Jul;36(6):891-7. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.12.004. Epub 2011 Jan 3. [Article]
6. Ding C, Leow MK, Magkos F: Oxytocin in metabolic homeostasis: implications for obesity and diabetes management. Obes Rev. 2019 Jan;20(1):22-40. doi: 10.1111/obr.12757. Epub 2018 Sep 25. [Article]

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Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 03, 2023 08:01