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Identification
- Summary
Cefradine is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts and of the skin and soft tissues.
- Generic Name
- Cefradine
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01333
- Background
A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Cefradine (DB01333)
- Weight
- Average: 349.405
Monoisotopic: 349.109626801 - Chemical Formula
- C16H19N3O4S
- Synonyms
- (6R,7R)-7-((R)-2-Amino-2-(1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl)acetamido)-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
- (6R,7R)-7-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetyl]amino}-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
- 7-(D-2-Amino-2-(1,4-cyclohexadienyl)acetamide)desacetoxycephalosporanicacid
- CED
- Cefradina
- Cefradine
- Cefradinum
- Cephradin
- Cephradine
Pharmacology
- Indication
Not Available
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Bacterial sepsis •••••••••••• Treatment of Bloodstream infections •••••••••••• Treatment of Osteomyelitis •••••••••••• Treatment of Peritonitis •••••••••••• Treatment of Respiratory tract infections (rti) •••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Cefradine is a first generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a spectrum of activity similar to Cefalexin. Cefradine, like the penicillins, is a beta-lactam antibiotic. By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, it inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Cefradine interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.
Target Actions Organism APenicillin-binding protein 1A inhibitorEscherichia coli (strain K12) - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Over 90 percent of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine within six hours.
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbacavir Cefradine may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level. Abciximab The therapeutic efficacy of Abciximab can be decreased when used in combination with Cefradine. Abemaciclib The metabolism of Abemaciclib can be increased when combined with Cefradine. Acalabrutinib The metabolism of Acalabrutinib can be increased when combined with Cefradine. Acamprosate The excretion of Acamprosate can be decreased when combined with Cefradine. - Food Interactions
- Take with or without food.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Cefradine monohydrate FUC0D71IZN 75975-70-1 VHNPSPMQGXQSET-CYJZLJNKSA-N - International/Other Brands
- Anspor / Eskacef / Intracef (Beximco Pharma) / Lebac (Square pharmaceuticals Ltd.) / Reocef (Rephco Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) / Sefril (ACME laboratories Ltd.)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Velosef Suspension 250 mg/5mL Oral Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 2006-10-23 2006-10-23 US 
Velosef Suspension 125 mg/5mL Oral Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 2006-10-23 2006-10-23 US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Velosef Capsule, gelatin coated 500 mg/1 Oral E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. 1995-01-01 2006-05-31 US Velosef Capsule, gelatin coated 250 mg/1 Oral E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. 1995-01-01 2006-05-31 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- J01DB09 — Cefradine
- Drug Categories
- Amides
- Anti-Bacterial Agents
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Antibacterials for Systemic Use
- Antiinfectives for Systemic Use
- beta-Lactams
- Cephalosporins
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
- First-Generation Cephalosporins
- Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
- Lactams
- MATE 1 Substrates
- MATE substrates
- Nephrotoxic agents
- OAT1/SLC22A6 inhibitors
- Sulfur Compounds
- Thiazines
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing an alpha amino acid (or a derivative thereof) which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Carboxylic acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
- Direct Parent
- N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Cephems / 1,3-thiazines / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Amino acids / Azetidines / Thiohemiaminal derivatives / Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Azacyclic compounds / Dialkylthioethers show 7 more
- Substituents
- Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound / Amine / Amino acid / Azacycle / Azetidine / Beta-lactam / Carbonyl group / Carboxamide group / Carboximidic acid / Carboximidic acid derivative show 22 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- cephalosporin (CHEBI:3547)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 9YA6SX5S4D
- CAS number
- 38821-53-3
- InChI Key
- RDLPVSKMFDYCOR-UEKVPHQBSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C16H19N3O4S/c1-8-7-24-15-11(14(21)19(15)12(8)16(22)23)18-13(20)10(17)9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-3,6,10-11,15H,4-5,7,17H2,1H3,(H,18,20)(H,22,23)/t10-,11-,15-/m1/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (6R,7R)-7-[(2R)-2-amino-2-(cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)acetamido]-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
- SMILES
- [H][C@]12SCC(C)=C(N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC(=O)[C@H](N)C1=CCC=CC1)C(O)=O
References
- Synthesis Reference
Dennis Heemskerk, Anja Gerarda Hogenboom, Carlos Lenhardt, Harold Moody, Theodorus Johannes Godfried Maria Dooren, "Process for the preparation of cephradine." U.S. Patent US20060189802, issued August 24, 2006.
US20060189802- General References
- Neiss ES: Cephradine--a summary of preclinical studies and clinical pharmacology. J Ir Med Assoc. 1973 Mar 24;Suppl:1-12. [Article]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015428
- KEGG Drug
- D00264
- KEGG Compound
- C06897
- PubChem Compound
- 38103
- PubChem Substance
- 46505082
- ChemSpider
- 34933
- BindingDB
- 50370585
- 2239
- ChEBI
- 3547
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1604
- ZINC
- ZINC000003830515
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000454
- PharmGKB
- PA448890
- Wikipedia
- Cefradine
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Recruiting Not Available Site Infection 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- E.R. Squibb and Sons LLC
- H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
- Major Pharmaceuticals
- PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Pharmedix
- Prepackage Specialists
- Prescription Dispensing Service Inc.
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral 250 mg Capsule Oral 500 mg Tablet Oral 1 G Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 100000 g Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 1 g Tablet Oral 1000 mg Capsule, coated Oral 526 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 500 mg Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 1 g Tablet Oral 100000000 mg Capsule, coated Oral 50000000 mg Capsule Oral Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 500 mg Tablet Oral 500 mg Powder, for suspension Oral 5 g Injection, powder, for solution Suspension Oral Syrup Syrup 250 MG/5ML Tablet Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 250 mg/1 Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 500 mg/1 Suspension Oral 125 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 250 mg/5mL Powder, for solution Oral 5 g Capsule, coated Oral 500 mg - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 140 °C PhysProp water solubility 2.13E+004 mg/L YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.778 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 0.7 ALOGPS logP -2.4 Chemaxon logS -2.6 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 3.27 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 7.6 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 5 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 3 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 112.73 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 4 Chemaxon Refractivity 92 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 33.19 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 3 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.7238 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.9942 Caco-2 permeable - 0.8957 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.7962 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.8781 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9946 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9536 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8401 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8278 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.5268 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9045 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9071 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9254 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9025 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8698 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9579 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.6896 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9204 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9857 Rat acute toxicity 1.4329 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9973 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8625
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS splash10-0a4i-2900000000-80091aae9d8fe850aa25 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a5c-0903000000-c4425d102eed49cdad34 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0006-0921000000-84afd1d1b4c57451d435 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4i-0921000000-c41dcb0c07e3c2f2103c Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0bt9-1935000000-ff94752c208fee57a588 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-052g-5932000000-6cf8fb13e31f563a7358 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-06r6-9730000000-ea9c4fbd2fd27f80692a Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 198.9828665 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 183.3139665 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 180.8333 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 199.6880665 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 183.0020665 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 183.1913 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 199.4242665 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 182.9723665 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 189.90834 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan strands) and a penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain (cross-linking of the peptide subunits).
- Specific Function
- penicillin binding
- Gene Name
- mrcA
- Uniprot ID
- P02918
- Uniprot Name
- Penicillin-binding protein 1A
- Molecular Weight
- 93635.545 Da
References
- Sharma UK, Dwarakanath P, Banerjee N, Town C, Balganesh TS: Expression and characterization of the ponA (ORF I) gene of Haemophilus influenzae: functional complementation in a heterologous system. J Bacteriol. 1995 Dec;177(23):6745-50. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
- Specific Function
- 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Yasuda K, Ranade A, Venkataramanan R, Strom S, Chupka J, Ekins S, Schuetz E, Bachmann K: A comprehensive in vitro and in silico analysis of antibiotics that activate pregnane X receptor and induce CYP3A4 in liver and intestine. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Aug;36(8):1689-97. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.020701. Epub 2008 May 27. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine (PubMed:10454528, PubMed:10525100, PubMed:10966938, PubMed:17509700, PubMed:20722056, PubMed:33124720). Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 11.3 (PubMed:10454528, PubMed:10525100, PubMed:10966938). In intestinal epithelia, transports the quorum-sensing pentapeptide CSF (competence and sporulation factor) from Bacillus Subtilis wich induces cytoprotective heat shock proteins contributing to intestinal homeostasis (PubMed:18005709). May also contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable)
- Specific Function
- (R)-carnitine transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC22A5
- Uniprot ID
- O76082
- Uniprot Name
- Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2
- Molecular Weight
- 62751.08 Da
References
- Ganapathy ME, Huang W, Rajan DP, Carter AL, Sugawara M, Iseki K, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V: beta-lactam antibiotics as substrates for OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 21;275(3):1699-707. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Electrogenic proton-coupled amino-acid transporter that transports oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides. Transports neutral and monovalently charged peptides with a proton to peptide stoichiometry of 1:1 or 2:1 (By similarity) (PubMed:15521010, PubMed:18367661, PubMed:19685173, PubMed:26320580, PubMed:7896779, PubMed:8914574, PubMed:9835627). Primarily responsible for the absorption of dietary di- and tripeptides from the small intestinal lumen (By similarity). Mediates transepithelial transport of muramyl and N-formylated bacterial dipeptides contributing to recognition of pathogenic bacteria by the mucosal immune system (PubMed:15521010, PubMed:9835627)
- Specific Function
- dipeptide transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC15A1
- Uniprot ID
- P46059
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 15 member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 78805.265 Da
References
- Han H, de Vrueh RL, Rhie JK, Covitz KM, Smith PL, Lee CP, Oh DM, Sadee W, Amidon GL: 5'-Amino acid esters of antiviral nucleosides, acyclovir, and AZT are absorbed by the intestinal PEPT1 peptide transporter. Pharm Res. 1998 Aug;15(8):1154-9. [Article]
- Han HK, Rhie JK, Oh DM, Saito G, Hsu CP, Stewart BH, Amidon GL: CHO/hPEPT1 cells overexpressing the human peptide transporter (hPEPT1) as an alternative in vitro model for peptidomimetic drugs. J Pharm Sci. 1999 Mar;88(3):347-50. [Article]
- Saito H, Okuda M, Terada T, Sasaki S, Inui K: Cloning and characterization of a rat H+/peptide cotransporter mediating absorption of beta-lactam antibiotics in the intestine and kidney. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995 Dec;275(3):1631-7. [Article]
- Terada T, Saito H, Mukai M, Inui K: Recognition of beta-lactam antibiotics by rat peptide transporters, PEPT1 and PEPT2, in LLC-PK1 cells. Am J Physiol. 1997 Nov;273(5 Pt 2):F706-11. [Article]
- Terada T, Saito H, Mukai M, Inui K: Characterization of stably transfected kidney epithelial cell line expressing rat H+/peptide cotransporter PEPT1: localization of PEPT1 and transport of beta-lactam antibiotics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Jun;281(3):1415-21. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Proton-coupled amino-acid transporter that transports oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides (PubMed:16434549, PubMed:18367661, PubMed:7756356). Transports neutral and anionic dipeptides with a proton to peptide stoichiometry of 2:1 or 3:1 (By similarity). In kidney, involved in the absorption of circulating di- and tripeptides from the glomerular filtrate (PubMed:7756356). Can also transport beta-lactam antibiotics, such as the aminocephalosporin cefadroxil, and other antiviral and anticancer drugs (PubMed:16434549). Transports the dipeptide-like aminopeptidase inhibitor bestatin (By similarity). Also able to transport carnosine (PubMed:31073693). Involved in innate immunity by promoting the detection of microbial pathogens by NOD-like receptors (NLRs) (By similarity). Mediates transport of bacterial peptidoglycans across the plasma membrane or, in macrophages, the phagosome membrane: catalyzes the transport of certain bacterial peptidoglycans, such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the NOD2 ligand (PubMed:20406817)
- Specific Function
- dipeptide transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC15A2
- Uniprot ID
- Q16348
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 15 member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 81782.77 Da
References
- Terada T, Saito H, Mukai M, Inui K: Recognition of beta-lactam antibiotics by rat peptide transporters, PEPT1 and PEPT2, in LLC-PK1 cells. Am J Physiol. 1997 Nov;273(5 Pt 2):F706-11. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Secondary active transporter that functions as a Na(+)-independent organic anion (OA)/dicarboxylate antiporter where the uptake of one molecule of OA into the cell is coupled with an efflux of one molecule of intracellular dicarboxylate such as 2-oxoglutarate or glutarate (PubMed:11669456, PubMed:11907186, PubMed:14675047, PubMed:22108572, PubMed:23832370, PubMed:28534121, PubMed:9950961). Mediates the uptake of OA across the basolateral side of proximal tubule epithelial cells, thereby contributing to the renal elimination of endogenous OA from the systemic circulation into the urine (PubMed:9887087). Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins (PubMed:28534121). Transports prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) and may contribute to their renal excretion (PubMed:11907186). Also mediates the uptake of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP and cGMP (PubMed:26377792). Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate (KYNA) and xanthurenate (XA) and may contribute to their secretion from the brain (PubMed:22108572, PubMed:23832370). May transport glutamate (PubMed:26377792). Also involved in the disposition of uremic toxins and potentially toxic xenobiotics by the renal organic anion secretory pathway, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body (PubMed:11669456, PubMed:14675047). Uremic toxins include the indoxyl sulfate (IS), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA), indole acetate (IA), 3-carboxy-4- methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF) and urate (PubMed:14675047, PubMed:26377792). Xenobiotics include the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA) (PubMed:11669456). May also contribute to the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (PubMed:35307651)
- Specific Function
- alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC22A6
- Uniprot ID
- Q4U2R8
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 6
- Molecular Weight
- 61815.78 Da
References
- Cihlar T, Ho ES: Fluorescence-based assay for the interaction of small molecules with the human renal organic anion transporter 1. Anal Biochem. 2000 Jul 15;283(1):49-55. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Multidrug efflux pump that functions as a H(+)/organic cation antiporter (PubMed:16330770, PubMed:17509534). Plays a physiological role in the excretion of cationic compounds including endogenous metabolites, drugs, toxins through the kidney and liver, into urine and bile respectively (PubMed:16330770, PubMed:17495125, PubMed:17509534, PubMed:17582384, PubMed:18305230, PubMed:19158817, PubMed:21128598, PubMed:24961373). Mediates the efflux of endogenous compounds such as creatinine, vitamin B1/thiamine, agmatine and estrone-3-sulfate (PubMed:16330770, PubMed:17495125, PubMed:17509534, PubMed:17582384, PubMed:18305230, PubMed:19158817, PubMed:21128598, PubMed:24961373). May also contribute to regulate the transport of cationic compounds in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable)
- Specific Function
- antiporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC47A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q96FL8
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 61921.585 Da
References
- Motohashi H, Inui K: Organic cation transporter OCTs (SLC22) and MATEs (SLC47) in the human kidney. AAPS J. 2013 Apr;15(2):581-8. doi: 10.1208/s12248-013-9465-7. Epub 2013 Feb 22. [Article]
- Structure and function of multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) and their relevance to drug therapy and personalized medicine [File]
Drug created at June 30, 2007 18:05 / Updated at April 30, 2021 13:05