D-glucose

Identification

Name

D-glucose

Accession Number

DB01914

Description

Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) generated during phosynthesis involving water, carbon and sunlight in plants. It is produced in humans via hepatic gluconeogenesis and breakdown of polymeric glucose forms (glycogenolysis). It circulates in human circulation as blood glucose and acts as an essential energy source for many organisms through aerobic or anaerobic respiration and fermentation.² It is primarily stored as starch in plants and glycogen in animals to be used in various metabolic processes in the cellular level. Its aldohexose stereoisomer, dextrose or D-glucose, is the most commonly occurring isomer of glucose in nature. L-glucose is a synthesized enantiomer that is used as a low-calorie sweetener and laxative.¹⁰ The unspecified form of glucose is commonly supplied as an injection for nutritional supplementation or metabolic disorders where glucose levels are improperly regulated.¹² Glucose is listed on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved, Investigational, Vet approved

Structure

3D

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MOLSDF3D-SDFPDBSMILESInChI

Similar Structures

Structure for D-glucose (DB01914)

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Weight

Average: 180.1559
Monoisotopic: 180.063388116

Chemical Formula

C₆H₁₂O₆

Synonyms

• aldehydo-D-glucose
• Anhydrous dextrose
• D-Glucose in linear form
• D-glucose, anhydrous
• D(+)-Glucose
• Dextrose anhydrous
• Dextrose, anhydrous
• Glucose anhydrous
• Glucose, anhydrous

External IDs

• NSC-406891

Pharmacology

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Indication

Glucose pharmaceutical formulations (oral tablets, injections) are indicated for caloric supply and carbohydrate supplementation in case of nutrient deprivation. It is also used for metabolic disorders such as hypoglycemia.¹³

Associated Conditions

• Dehydration
• End-stage Chronic Kidney Failure
• Fluid Loss
• Hypoglycemia
• Potassium imbalance
• Local anesthesia therapy

Associated Therapies

• Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
• Fluid replacement therapy
• Haemodiafiltration
• Hemodialysis Treatment
• Hemofiltration
• Oral rehydration therapy
• Parenteral Nutrition
• Peritoneal dialysis therapy
• Fluid and electrolyte maintenance therapy

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Blood glucose is an obligatory energy source for humans involved in various cellular activities, and it also acts as a signaling molecule for diverse glucose-sensing molecules and proteins. Glucose undergoes oxidation into carbon dioxide, water, and yields energy molecules in the process of glycolysis and subsequent citric cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.⁶ Glucose is readily converted into fat in the body which can be used as a source of energy as required. Under a similar conversion into storage of energy, glucose is stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen.¹¹ Glucose stores are mobilized in a regulated manner, depending on the tissues' metabolic demands. Oral glucose tablets or injections serve to increase the supply of glucose and oral glucose administration is more effective in stimulating insulin secretion because it stimulates the incretin hormones from the gut, which promotes insulin secretion.¹⁰

Mechanism of action

Glucose supplies most of the energy to all tissues by generating energy molecules ATP and NADH during a series of metabolism reactions called glycolysis. Glycolysis can be divided into two main phases where the preparatory phase is initiated by the phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase to form glucose 6-phosphate.⁵ The addition of the high-energy phosphate group activates glucose for the subsequent breakdown in later steps of glycolysis and is the rate-limiting step. Products end up as substrates for following reactions, to ultimately convert C6 glucose molecule into two C3 sugar molecules. These products enter the energy-releasing phase where the total of 4ATP and 2NADH molecules are generated per one glucose molecule. The total aerobic metabolism of glucose can produce up to 36 ATP molecules. These energy-producing reactions of glucose are limited to D-glucose as L-glucose cannot be phosphorylated by hexokinase.¹¹ Glucose can act as precursors to generate other biomolecules such as vitamin C. It plays a role as a signaling molecule to control glucose and energy homeostasis. Glucose can regulate gene transcription, enzyme activity, hormone secretion, and the activity of glucoregulatory neurons. The types, number, and kinetics of glucose transporters expressed depends on the tissues and fine-tunes glucose uptake, metabolism, and signal generation to preserve cellular and whole body metabolic integrity.⁴

Absorption

Polysaccharides can be broken down into smaller units by pancreatic and intestinal glycosidases or intestinal flora. Sodium-dependent glucose transporter SGLT1 and GLUT2 (SLC2A2) play predominant roles in intestinal transport of glucose into the circulation.¹ SGLT1 is located in the apical membrane of the intestinal wall while GLUT2 is located in the basolateral membrane, but it was proposed that GLUT2 can be recruited into the apical membrane after a high luminal glucose bolus allowing bulk absorption of glucose by facilitated diffusion.³ Oral preparation of glucose reaches the peak concentration within 40 minutes and the intravenous infusions display 100% bioavailability.⁶

Volume of distribution

The mean volume of distribution after intravenous infusion is 10.6L.⁷

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Glucose can undergo aerobic oxidation in conjunction with the synthesis of energy molecules. Glycolysis is the initial stage of glucose metabolism where one glucose molecule is degraded into two molecules of pyruvate via substrate-level phosphorylation. These products are transported to the mitochondria where they are further oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide.⁵

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

• D-glucose
  • Glucose-6-phosphate

Route of elimination

Glucose can be renally excreted.⁸

Half-life

The approximate half-life is 14.3 minutes following intravenous infusion. Gut glucose half-life was markedly higher in females (79 ± 2 min) than in males (65 ± 3 min, P < 0.0001) and negatively related to body height (r = -0.481; P < 0.0001).⁷

Clearance

The mean metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCR) for the 10 subjects studied at the higher insulin level was 2.27 ± 0.37 ml/kg/min at euglycemia and fell to 1.51±0.21 ml/kg/ at hyperglycemia. The mean MCR for the six subjects studied at the lower insulin level was 1.91 ± 0.31 ml/kg/min at euglycemia.⁸

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

Oral LD50 value in rats is 25800mg/kg. The administration of glucose infusions can cause fluid and solute overloading resulting in dilution of the serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states, or pulmonary edema. Hypersensitivity reactions may also occur including anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions from oral tablets and intravenous infusions.¹²

Affected organisms

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Not Available

Food Interactions

No interactions found.

Products

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Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
D-glucose monohydrate	LX22YL083G	77938-63-7	SPFMQWBKVUQXJV-BTVCFUMJSA-N

Active Moieties

Name	Kind	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Dextrose, unspecified form	unknown	IY9XDZ35W2	Not Available	Not applicable

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
25% Dextrose Infant	Injection, solution	250 mg/1mL	Intravenous	Hf Acquisition Co. Llc, Dba Health First	2018-08-19	Not applicable
5% Dextrose	Injection, solution	5 g/100mL	Intravenous	HF Acquisition Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst	2019-10-14	Not applicable
5% Dextrose	Injection, solution	5 g/100mL	Intravenous	HF Acquisition Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst	2018-10-18	Not applicable
5% Dextrose	Injection, solution	5000 mg/100mL	Intravenous	Sc Infomed Fluids Srl	2017-04-24	2017-06-15
50% Dextrose	Injection, solution	25 g/50mL	Intravenous	HF Acquisition Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst	2018-09-19	Not applicable
Dextrose	Injection, solution	25 g/50mL	Intravenous	General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc.	2010-09-29	Not applicable
Dextrose	Injection, solution	5 g/100mL	Intravenous	Icu Medical Inc.	2019-10-01	Not applicable
Dextrose	Injection, solution	25 g/50mL	Intravenous	Mc Kesson	2010-05-03	2017-08-02
Dextrose	Injection	5 g/100mL	Intravenous	Baxter Healthcare Corporation	2018-01-15	2019-07-24
Dextrose	Injection, solution	25 g/50mL	Intravenous	Medical Purchasing Solutions, Llc	2005-12-07	Not applicable

Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Dextrose	Injection, solution	50 mg/1mL	Intravenous	Becton Dickinson and Company	2016-10-21	Not applicable
Dextrose	Injection, solution	100 mg/1mL	Intravenous	Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC	2019-03-29	Not applicable
Dextrose	Injection, solution	100 mg/1mL	Intravenous	Becton Dickinson and Company	2020-02-05	Not applicable
Dextrose	Injection, solution	50 mg/1mL	Intravenous	Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC	2016-10-21	Not applicable

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
AGF Mesenchymal Capillary 5 pcs	Liquid	0.06 mg/6mL	Topical	LCELLS SA DE CV	2019-12-31	Not applicable
AGF Mesenchymal Capillary Individual	Liquid	0.06 mg/6mL	Topical	LCELLS SA DE CV	2019-12-31	Not applicable
Lingtea	Powder, for solution	5 g/100g	Oral	Linger Water	2018-06-25	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Acd A	D-glucose monohydrate (2.45 g/100mL) + Citric acid monohydrate (0.80 g/100mL) + Sodium citrate (2.2 g/100mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Terumo BCT Ltd	2002-02-25	Not applicable
Acd A	D-glucose monohydrate (2.45 g/100mL) + Citric acid monohydrate (0.8 g/100mL) + Sodium citrate dihydrate (2.2 g/100mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Terumo Bct, Ltd.	2002-02-25	Not applicable
Acd A	D-glucose monohydrate (2.45 g/100mL) + Citric acid monohydrate (0.8 g/100mL) + Sodium citrate dihydrate (2.2 g/100mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Terumo Bct, Ltd.	2002-02-25	Not applicable
ACD Blood-Pack Units (PL 146 Plastic)	D-glucose monohydrate (1.65 g/67.5mL) + Citric acid (493 mg/67.5mL) + Sodium citrate dihydrate (1.48 g/67.5mL)	Solution	Extracorporeal	Fenwal, Inc.	2007-03-01	Not applicable
Acd-A	D-glucose monohydrate (2.45 g/100mL) + Citric acid (730 mg/100mL) + Sodium citrate (2.2 g/100mL)	Solution	Extracorporeal	Fenwal, Inc.	2012-10-24	Not applicable
Acd-A	D-glucose monohydrate (2.45 g/100mL) + Citric acid monohydrate (0.73 g/100mL) + Sodium citrate (2.20 g/100mL)	Solution	Extracorporeal	Haemonetics Corporation	1987-11-06	Not applicable
Acd-A	D-glucose monohydrate (12.25 g/500mL) + Citric acid (3.65 g/500mL) + Sodium citrate (11 g/500mL)	Solution	Extracorporeal	Fenwal, Inc.	2007-03-01	Not applicable
Additive Formula 3	D-glucose monohydrate (1.1 g/100mL) + Adenine (0.03 g/100mL) + Citric acid monohydrate (0.042 g/100mL) + Sodium chloride (0.41 g/100mL) + Sodium citrate dihydrate (0.59 g/100mL) + Sodium phosphate, monobasic, monohydrate (0.28 g/100mL)	Solution	Intravenous	Terumo Bct, Ltd	2002-05-29	Not applicable
Additive Formula 3	D-glucose monohydrate (1.1 g/100mL) + Adenine (0.03 g/100mL) + Citric acid monohydrate (0.042 g/100mL) + Sodium chloride (0.41 g/100mL) + Sodium citrate dihydrate (0.59 g/100mL) + Sodium phosphate, monobasic, monohydrate (0.28 g/100mL)	Solution	Intravenous	Terumo Bct, Ltd	2002-05-29	Not applicable
Additive Formula 3	D-glucose monohydrate (1.1 g/100mL) + Adenine (0.03 g/100mL) + Citric acid monohydrate (0.042 g/100mL) + Sodium chloride (0.41 g/100mL) + Sodium citrate dihydrate (0.59 g/100mL) + Sodium phosphate, monobasic, monohydrate (0.28 g/100mL)	Solution	Intravenous	Terumo Bct, Ltd	2002-05-29	Not applicable

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
5% Dextrose	D-glucose monohydrate (5000 mg/100mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Sc Infomed Fluids Srl	2017-04-24	2017-06-15
AGF Mesenchymal Capillary 5 pcs	D-glucose (0.06 mg/6mL)	Liquid	Topical	LCELLS SA DE CV	2019-12-31	Not applicable
AGF Mesenchymal Capillary Individual	D-glucose (0.06 mg/6mL)	Liquid	Topical	LCELLS SA DE CV	2019-12-31	Not applicable
Anti Nausea	D-glucose monohydrate (1.87 g/5mL) + Fructose (1.87 g/5mL) + Phosphoric acid (21.5 mg/5mL)	Liquid	Oral	Medicine Shoppe International	2008-02-06	2013-06-09
Clinimix	D-glucose monohydrate (300.00 g/2L) + Alanine (17.60 g/2L) + Arginine (9.78 g/2L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.66 g/2L) + Dipotassium phosphate (5.22 g/2L) + Glycine (8.76 g/2L) + Histidine (4.08 g/2L) + Isoleucine (5.10 g/2L) + L-Lysine (4.93 g/2L) + Leucine (6.20 g/2L) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (1.02 g/2L) + Methionine (3.40 g/2L) + Phenylalanine (4.76 g/2L) + Proline (5.78 g/2L) + Serine (4.25 g/2L) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (5.94 g/2L) + Sodium chloride (1.54 g/2L) + Threonine (3.57 g/2L) + Tryptophan (1.53 g/2L) + Tyrosine (0.34 g/2L) + Valine (4.93 g/2L)	Solution	Intravenous	Baxter Healthcare Corporation	2017-10-25	2019-11-30
Clinimix	D-glucose monohydrate (75.00 g/1L) + Alanine (5.70 g/1L) + Arginine (3.17 g/1L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.33 g/1L) + Dipotassium phosphate (2.61 g/1L) + Glycine (2.84 g/1L) + Histidine (1.32 g/1L) + Isoleucine (1.65 g/1L) + L-Lysine (2.00 g/1L) + Leucine (2.01 g/1L) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.51 g/1L) + Methionine (1.10 g/1L) + Phenylalanine (1.54 g/1L) + Proline (1.87 g/1L) + Serine (1.38 g/1L) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (2.16 g/1L) + Sodium chloride (1.12 g/1L) + Threonine (1.16 g/1L) + Tryptophan (0.50 g/1L) + Tyrosine (0.11 g/1L) + Valine (1.60 g/1L)	Solution	Intravenous	Baxter Healthcare Corporation	2017-10-25	2019-11-30
Clinimix	D-glucose monohydrate (100.00 g/1L) + Alanine (5.70 g/1L) + Arginine (3.17 g/1L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.33 g/1L) + Dipotassium phosphate (2.61 g/1L) + Glycine (2.84 g/1L) + Histidine (1.32 g/1L) + Isoleucine (1.65 g/1L) + L-Lysine (2.00 g/1L) + Leucine (2.01 g/1L) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.51 g/1L) + Methionine (1.10 g/1L) + Phenylalanine (1.54 g/1L) + Proline (1.87 g/1L) + Serine (1.38 g/1L) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (2.16 g/1L) + Sodium chloride (1.12 g/1L) + Threonine (1.16 g/1L) + Tryptophan (0.50 g/1L) + Tyrosine (0.11 g/1L) + Valine (1.60 g/1L)	Solution	Intravenous	Baxter Healthcare Corporation	2017-10-25	2019-11-30
Dextrose	D-glucose monohydrate (25 g/50mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Hospira, Inc.	2005-12-07	Not applicable
Dextrose	D-glucose monohydrate (25 g/50mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc.	2010-09-29	Not applicable
Dextrose	D-glucose monohydrate (50 mg/50mL)	Injection	Intravenous	Baxter Healthcare Corporation	2017-10-13	2017-10-13

Categories

Drug Categories

• Carbohydrates
• Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
• Diet, Food, and Nutrition
• Flavoring Agents
• Food
• Food Additives
• Food Ingredients
• Glucose
• Hexoses
• Monosaccharides
• Pharmaceutic Aids
• Pharmaceutical Preparations
• Physiological Phenomena
• Sweetening Agents

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Description

This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

Hexoses

Alternative Parents

Medium-chain aldehydes / Beta-hydroxy aldehydes / Alpha-hydroxyaldehydes / Secondary alcohols / Polyols / Primary alcohols / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives

Substituents

Alcohol / Aldehyde / Aliphatic acyclic compound / Alpha-hydroxyaldehyde / Beta-hydroxy aldehyde / Carbonyl group / Hexose monosaccharide / Hydrocarbon derivative / Medium-chain aldehyde / Organic oxide

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

aldehydo-glucose, D-glucose (CHEBI:42758)

Chemical Identifiers

UNII

5SL0G7R0OK

CAS number

50-99-7

InChI Key

GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h1,3-6,8-12H,2H2/t3-,4+,5+,6+/m0/s1

IUPAC Name

(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal

SMILES

[H][C@@](O)(CO)[C@@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]([H])(O)C=O

References

General References

1. Thorens B, Mueckler M: Glucose transporters in the 21st Century. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Feb;298(2):E141-5. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00712.2009. Epub 2009 Dec 15. [PubMed:20009031]
2. Ferraris RP: Dietary and developmental regulation of intestinal sugar transport. Biochem J. 2001 Dec 1;360(Pt 2):265-76. [PubMed:11716754]
3. Roder PV, Geillinger KE, Zietek TS, Thorens B, Koepsell H, Daniel H: The role of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in intestinal glucose transport and sensing. PLoS One. 2014 Feb 26;9(2):e89977. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089977. eCollection 2014. [PubMed:24587162]
4. Deng D, Sun P, Yan C, Ke M, Jiang X, Xiong L, Ren W, Hirata K, Yamamoto M, Fan S, Yan N: Molecular basis of ligand recognition and transport by glucose transporters. Nature. 2015 Oct 15;526(7573):391-6. doi: 10.1038/nature14655. Epub 2015 Jul 15. [PubMed:26176916]
5. Jiang G, Zhang BB: Glucagon and regulation of glucose metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Apr;284(4):E671-8. [PubMed:12626323]
6. Anderwald C, Gastaldelli A, Tura A, Krebs M, Promintzer-Schifferl M, Kautzky-Willer A, Stadler M, DeFronzo RA, Pacini G, Bischof MG: Mechanism and effects of glucose absorption during an oral glucose tolerance test among females and males. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Feb;96(2):515-24. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-1398. Epub 2010 Dec 8. [PubMed:21147888]
7. Kouider S, Kolb FE, Lippmann R: [Behavior of various blood constituents (glucose, fructose, insulin, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, inorganic phosphate) and the half-life of monosaccharides in plasma after i.v infusion of glucose, fructose, galactose and invert sugar solutions in ruminants. 3. Studies in sheep]. Arch Exp Veterinarmed. 1978;32(5):715-25. [PubMed:736717]
8. JOKIPII SG, TURPEINEN O: Kinetics of elimination of glucose from the blood during and after a continuous intravenous injection. J Clin Invest. 1954 Mar;33(3):452-8. [PubMed:13143092]
9. Revers RR, Kolterman OG, Olefsky JM: Relationship between serum glucose level and the metabolic clearance rate of glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 1983 Jul;32(7):627-32. [PubMed:6345242]
10. Rang, H. P. and Dale, M. M. (2012). Rang and Dale's Pharmacology (7th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. [ISBN:978-0-7020-3471-8]
11. Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL, Matsudaira P, Baltimore D, and Darnell J. (2000). Molecular Cell Biology (4th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman. [ISBN:0-7167-3136-3]
12. Baxter Health GLUCOSE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP Product information [Link]
13. Glucose injection (Viaflex bag) Product information [Link]

External Links

PubChem Compound

107526

PubChem Substance

46507147

ChemSpider

96749

RxNav

349730

ChEBI

42758

ZINC

ZINC000100009383

PDBe Ligand

GLO

Wikipedia

Glucose

PDB Entries

1ac0 / 1ez9 / 1fbo / 1fqc / 1fqd / 1xyb / 1xym / 2zyd / 3fxp / 3kbn …

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FDA label

Download (142 KB)

MSDS

Download (47 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Completed	Basic Science	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
4	Completed	Other	Anaesthesia therapy / Anorectal Disorders / Drug Effect / General Surgery / Outpatients	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Contrast Induced Nephropathy (CIN) / Prophylaxis of Contrast-induced nephropathy	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Dehydration / Hypernatremia / Hypokalemia / Hyponatremia	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Heart Failure	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Flu caused by Influenza	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Lateral Epicondylitis	1
4	Withdrawn	Supportive Care	Malnutrition	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Bronchiolitis / Gastroenteritis / Sepsis / Urinary Tract Infection	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Solution	Intravenous	10 %
Solution	Intravenous	20 %
Solution	Intravenous	30 %
Solution	Intravenous	5 %
Solution	Intravenous	50 %
Solution	Intravenous	3.3 g/100mL
Solution	Intravenous	3.75 g/100mL
Solution	Intravenous	3.2 g/100mL
Solution
Injection		20 %
Injection, solution	Intravenous	250 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	5000 mg/100mL
Solution		5 %
Injection		5 %
Injection		10 %
Solution	Hemodialysis	7.52 g/L
Solution	Hemodialysis	0.257 g/1000ml
Solution	Extracorporeal
Liquid	Topical	0.06 mg/6mL
Solution	Intravenous	0.25 g/mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	2.5 g/500mL
Solution	Intravenous	2.55 g/L
Solution	Intravenous	1.79 g/L
Liquid	Oral
Injection, solution	Extracorporeal
Solution	Extracorporeal	0.8 g/100ml
Solution	Oral	289.2 mg
Solution	Intravenous	4.3 %
Solution	Intravenous drip	4 % w/v
Solution	Intravenous	3.3 %
Injection, solution	Intravenous	0.45 %
Injection	Intravenous	10 %
Injection	Intravenous	20 %
Injection	Intravenous	30 %
Injection	Intravenous	40 %
Injection	Intravenous	50 %
Solution	Intraperitoneal	0.1838 g/L
Solution	Intraperitoneal	0.2573 g/L
Solution	Intraperitoneal	1.5 g/100ml
Solution	Intraperitoneal	2.5 g/100ml
Solution	Intraperitoneal	4.25 g/100ml
Injection, solution	Intraperitoneal	538 mg/100mL
Solution	Intraperitoneal	16.5 g/L
Solution	Intraperitoneal	5.786 g/L
Solution	Intravenous	5 g/100ml
Solution	Intravenous	10 g/100ml
Solution	Intravenous	50 g/L
Solution	Intravenous	3 g/L
Solution	Intravenous	200 mg/100ml
Solution	Intravenous	80 mg/100ml
Powder, for solution	Oral	289.2 mg
Solution	Intraspinal	20 mg
Solution	Parenteral	20 mg
Injection, solution	Intraperitoneal	0.1838 g/L
Injection, solution	Intraperitoneal	5.786 g/L
Solution		0.1838 g/L
Solution	Intraperitoneal	46.75 g/L
Solution	Hemodialysis	0.1838 g/L
Solution		0.2573 g/L
Solution	Intraperitoneal	0.0003 g
Injection, solution	Intravenous	5.786 g/L
Powder, for solution	Oral	99 g
Solution	Intravenous	0.1491 g
Solution	Intravenous	0.27 g/L
Solution, concentrate	Hemodialysis	99 g
Injection	Intravenous	25 G/500ML
Injection	Intravenous	5 %
Solution	Intraperitoneal
Injection		50 % W/V
Solution	Intravenous	100 mg
Solution	Intravenous	150 g
Injection	Parenteral	33 g
Solution	Parenteral	0.9 g
Solution	Intravenous	5 g
Solution	Intravenous	0.33 g
Solution	Parenteral	0.05 g
Solution	Intravenous	0.9 g
Solution	Intravenous	0.45 g
Solution	Intravenous	9 mg
Solution	Intravenous	50 g
Injection	Intravenous	2.50 g/50mL
Injection	Intravenous	50 mg/50mL
Injection	Intravenous	50 mg/100mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	10 g/100mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	100 g/1000mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	100 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	20 g/100mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	20.00 g/100.00mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	25 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	25 g/50mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	30 g/100mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	30.00 g/100.00mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	40 g/100mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	40.00 g/100.00mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	5 g/100mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	50 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	50 g/100mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	50 g/1000mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	50.00 g/100.00mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	60.00 g/100.00mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	70 g/100mL
Injection, solution, concentrate	Intravenous	10 g/100mL
Injection	Intravenous	10 G/100ml
Injection	Intravenous	27.71 g
Injection	Intravenous	55 g
Injection	Parenteral	250 mg/1mL
Injection	Parenteral	500 mg/1mL
Solution	Intraperitoneal	5.08 mg/100ml
Solution	Intraperitoneal; Irrigation	0.1837 mg
Solution	Intraperitoneal	18.3 mg
Injection, solution	Intraperitoneal
Solution	Parenteral
Solution	Intraperitoneal	1.36 %
Solution	Intraperitoneal	2.27 %
Solution	Intraperitoneal	3.86 %
Solution		22.7 g/L
Solution		13.6 g/L
Solution	Intraperitoneal	22.7 g/L
Solution		38.6 g/L
Solution	Intraperitoneal	13.6 g/L
Solution	Intraperitoneal	38.6 g/L
Solution	Intravenous	50 mg
Injection, solution	Intravenous	4.9 g/1000ml
Injection, solution	Intravenous	7.35 g/1500ml
Injection, solution	Intravenous	9.8 g/2000ml
Solution	Intravenous	4.21 g/1000ml
Solution	Hemodialysis	1.98 g/1000ml
Solution	Hemodialysis	0.91 g/1000ml
Solution	Intravenous	1.098 g/L
Solution	Hemodialysis	10.39 g/L
Injection, solution	Intravenous	10.39 g/L
Injection	Intravenous	5.5 G/100ML
Granule, for solution	Oral	1.5 g
Injection, solution	Intravenous	2.34 g/L
Injection, solution	Intravenous	0.91 g/L
Injection, solution	Intravenous	5.26 g/L
Injection, solution	Intravenous	3.2 g/L
Injection, solution	Intravenous	3.38 g
Injection	Intrathecal
Solution	Intravenous	0.298 mg/ml
Granule, for solution	Oral	650 mg
Powder, for solution	Oral	2.9 g
Solution	Oral	0.294 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	11.41 g/1085ml
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	11.41 g/1435ml
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	13.17 g/2020ml
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	7.08 g/1085ml
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	9.46 g/1450ml
Emulsion	Parenteral	3.99 g/1085ml
Emulsion	Parenteral	2.05 g/1085ml
Injection		200 mg/ml
Solution, concentrate	Hemodialysis	0.864 mg
Powder	Oral	13.5 g
Powder, for solution	Oral	24.75625 g
Solution	Oral	50 g
Tablet, chewable	Oral	4 g
Solution	Oral	75 G/180ML
Solution	Intravenous	10 g
Injection	Intravenous	2.5 g/50mL
Injection	Intravenous	5 g/100mL
Injection, solution	Ophthalmic	35 %
Injection, solution	Parenteral	20 %
Injection, solution	Parenteral	70 %
Injection, solution	Parenteral	5 %
Injection, solution	Parenteral	30 %
Injection, solution	Parenteral	50 %
Injection	Parenteral	2.5 %
Injection, solution	Parenteral	2.5 %
Injection, solution	Parenteral	4.27 %
Injection, solution	Intravenous	25 g/L
Injection, solution	Intravenous	47 g/L
Injection, solution	Intravenous	42.7 g/L
Injection, solution	Intravenous	110 g/L
Injection, solution	Intravenous	55 g/L
Injection, solution	Intravenous	100 g/L
Injection, solution	Intravenous	50 g/L
Injection, solution	Parenteral	10 %
Injection, solution	Parenteral	33 %
Syrup	Oral	500 MG/ML
Syrup	Oral	75 MG/150ML
Solution	Oral	25 g
Powder, for solution	Oral	24.8 g
Solution	Hemodialysis	2.4 g/1000ml
Liquid	Hemodialysis	9.74 g/L
Solution	Hemodialysis
Solution	Oral	216 mg
Solution	Oral	30 mg
Solution	Oral	29.1 mg
Solution	Oral	0.2892 g
Solution	Oral	0.29 g
Solution	Oral	0.275 g
Solution	Oral	275 mg
Injection	Intravenous
Injection	Intravenous	50 G/500ML
Injection	Intravenous	10 %w/v
Injection, solution	Intravenous	30 % w/v
Injection, solution	Intravenous	40 % w/v
Injection	Intravenous	5 %w/v
Injection, solution	Intravenous	50 % w/v
Injection	Intravenous	4.25 %w/v
Injection, solution	Intravenous	10 % w/v
Injection, solution	Intravenous	4 % w/v
Injection	Parenteral	5 g
Solution	Intravenous	160 mg
Injection	Parenteral	150 mg
Solution	Parenteral	30 g
Solution	Parenteral	150 mg
Injection	Parenteral	300 mg
Injection	Intravenous	3.33 %
Injection, solution	Intravenous	50 g
Solution	Intravenous	2.5 %
Solution	Intravenous	3.33 %
Solution	Intravenous	3.75 %
Tablet	Vaginal
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	467 mg/100mL
Injection	Intravenous	110 g
Injection	Intravenous	165 g
Injection	Intravenous	220 g
Injection	Intravenous	275 g
Injection	Intravenous	107 g
Injection	Intravenous	143 g
Injection	Intravenous	178 g
Solution	Intravenous	20.475 %
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	10.5 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	14 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	2.1 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	3.1 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	4.2 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	7 g
Solution	Intravenous	50 mg/mL
Injection, solution	Intraspinal
Powder, for solution	Oral	5 g/100g
Powder	Oral	3.5 g
Injection	Intravenous
Kit	Intravenous
Solution	Hemodialysis	0.2205 g/1000ml
Solution	Hemodialysis	2.94 g/1000ml
Solution	Hemodialysis; Intravenous	0.1017 g/L
Solution	Hemodialysis	0.2205 g/L
Powder, for solution	Oral	658 mg
Syrup	Oral
Injection, solution	Intravenous	200 mg/100ml
Solution	Intravenous	50 g/100ml
Injection	Intravenous	3.33 g/100ml
Injection, solution	Intravenous	33.3 g/L
Solution	Intravenous	55 g/L
Solution	Intravenous	5.5 g/100ml
Solution	Intravenous	8.518 g
Powder, for solution	Oral	0.875 g
Injection, emulsion	Parenteral	2.33 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	1.03 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	1.83 g
Emulsion	Intravenous	1.83 g
Injection	Intravenous	1.03 g
Emulsion	Intravenous	20 mg
Emulsion	Intravenous	16 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	3.88 g/1000ml
Emulsion	Parenteral	20 g/l
Emulsion	Parenteral	3.88 g
Emulsion	Intravenous	88 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	120 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	160 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	4.66 g/1000ml
Emulsion	Parenteral	1.872 g/l
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	150 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	225 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	300 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	4.25 g/625ml
Emulsion	Parenteral	6.792 g/l
Emulsion	Intravenous	6.792 mg
Emulsion	Intravenous	150 g
Emulsion	Intravenous	225 g
Emulsion	Parenteral	2.4 g/l
Emulsion	Parenteral	2.88 g/l
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	5.82 g/1250ml
Emulsion	Intravenous	4.656 g
Emulsion	Parenteral	6.792 g
Emulsion	Intravenous	6.792 g
Injection, solution		0.6 g/L
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	12 g/1500ml
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	32 g/1000ml
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	0.52 g/1000ml
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	0.42 g/1000ml
Injection	Intravenous	2.27 g/l
Injection	Intravenous	4.12 g/l
Emulsion	Intravenous	4 g
Solution	Intravenous	7.14 g
Solution	Intravenous	9.52 g
Solution	Intravenous	11.9 g
Emulsion	Intravenous	6.41 g
Emulsion	Intravenous	9.61 g
Emulsion	Intravenous	12.82 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	6.41 g/1000ml
Solution	Intravenous	8.24 g
Solution	Intravenous	12.36 g
Solution	Intravenous	16.48 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	8.24 g/1000ml
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	180 g/1250ml
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	270 g/1875ml
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	90 g/625ml
Powder, for solution	Oral	3.24 g
Injection		40 %
Solution	Oral	108.2 mg
Solution	Oral	294 mg
Solution	Oral	290 mg
Solution	Oral	29.4 mg
Solution	Oral	295 mg
Emulsion	Intravenous	3 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	3.66 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	5.5 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	7.33 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	9.16 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	3.66 g/1000ml
Injection, solution	Intraperitoneal	18.3 mg/100mL
Solution	Intraperitoneal	15 g/L
Solution	Intraperitoneal	25 g/L
Solution	Intravenous	25 g/L
Solution	Intraperitoneal	42.5 g/L
Injection, solution	Intravenous
Injection, solution	Intravenous	5 %
Solution	Intravenous	1.6 g/100mL
Kit	Hemodialysis
Solution	Hemodialysis; Intravenous
Solution	Intravenous	2.033 g/L
Solution	Hemodialysis	0.257 g/L
Powder, for solution	Oral	25 g
Solution	Unknown
Powder, for solution	Oral	14.1463 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	4.4 g/1000ml
Emulsion	Parenteral	3.1 g
Injection, emulsion	Intravenous	7.1 g/1000ml
Emulsion	Parenteral	50 g
Solution		0.184 g/L
Injection, solution	Intraperitoneal	0.184 g/L
Solution	Intravenous	0.41 g
Solution	Parenteral	25.7 mg
Solution	Intraperitoneal	25.7 mg
Solution	Intravenous	0.1 g
Solution	Intravenous	0.05 g
Solution	Irrigation; Parenteral	55 g
Solution		192.5 g/100ml
Injection, solution	Intraperitoneal	5.38 g/l
Injection, solution	Intraperitoneal	5.67 g/l
Solution	Intraperitoneal	22.73 g/L
Solution	Intravenous
Injection, solution	Intravenous	80 mg/100mL
Emulsion	Parenteral	18.75 g
Injection	Intravenous	1000 mg
Injection, solution	Intravenous	3 g
Injection, solution	Intravenous	0.2 %
Injection, solution	Intravenous	0.4 %
Granule, for solution	Oral	6.25 mg
Powder, for solution	Oral	375 mg
Injection	Intravenous	25 g
Emulsion	Parenteral	7 g
Emulsion	Parenteral	28 g/1000ml

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	146	MSDS
water solubility	Soluble	MSDS

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	261.0 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	-2.4	ALOGPS
logP	-3.6	ChemAxon
logS	0.16	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	11.8	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	6	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	5	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	118.22 Å2	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	5	ChemAxon
Refractivity	37.35 m3·mol-1	ChemAxon
Polarizability	16.23 Å3	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	+	0.8269
Blood Brain Barrier	+	0.5569
Caco-2 permeable	-	0.8842
P-glycoprotein substrate	Non-substrate	0.6771
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.9568
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.9378
Renal organic cation transporter	Non-inhibitor	0.9388
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8595
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8847
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Non-substrate	0.7206
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Non-inhibitor	0.8505
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9411
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9366
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.942
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9065
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.9652
Ames test	Non AMES toxic	0.9132
Carcinogenicity	Non-carcinogens	0.8077
Biodegradation	Ready biodegradable	0.9596
Rat acute toxicity	1.0110 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.9883
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Non-inhibitor	0.9385

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available

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Drug created on June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated on January 07, 2021 03:10