Plerixafor
Identification
- Summary
Plerixafor is a selective chemokine receptor (CXCR4) antagonist used with filgrastim to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the peripheral blood for collection and autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM).
- Brand Names
- Mozobil
- Generic Name
- Plerixafor
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB06809
- Background
Plerixafor is a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used to stimulate the release of stem cells from the bone marrow into the blood in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma for the purpose of stimulating the immune system. These stem cells are then collected and used in autologous stem cell transplantation to replace blood-forming cells that were destroyed by chemotherapy. Plerixafor has orphan drug status in the United States and European Union; it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on December 15, 2008.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Plerixafor (DB06809)
- Weight
- Average: 502.782
Monoisotopic: 502.447143768 - Chemical Formula
- C28H54N8
- Synonyms
- Plerixafor
- External IDs
- AMD-3100
- AMD3100
Pharmacology
- Indication
Used in combination with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF, filgrastim) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the peripheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM).
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- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug eventsImprove clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.- Pharmacodynamics
Plerixafor is a bicyclam derivative that antagonizes CXCR4 by binding to three acidic residues in the ligand-binding pocket: Asp171, Asp262, and Glu288. Blood levels of CD34+ cells peaked at 9 hours after administration of 0.24 mg/kg plerixafor in healthy subjects. In patients that have non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma or multiple myeloma, blood levels of CD34+ peaked at 6 hours. In combination with a G-CSF, circulating CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood peaked at 9-14 hours.
- Mechanism of action
Plerixafor inhibits the CXCR4 chemokine receptors on CD34+ cells and reversibly blocks binding of the ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1-alpha (SDF-1α). By blocking the interaction between SDF-1α and CXCR4 with plerixafor, mobilization of progenitor cells is triggered. Filgrastim, a granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, is added to enhance CD34+ cell mobilization, thus increasing the yield of stem cells- an important determinant of graft adequacy.
Target Actions Organism AC-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonistHumans - Absorption
Pharmacokinetic profile follows a two-compartment model with first-order absorption. A median peak plasma concentration of 0.24 mg/kg of plerixafor occurred 30-60 minutes after subcutaneous dose.
- Volume of distribution
0.3 L/kg
- Protein binding
58%
- Metabolism
Metabolism does not involved CYP isoenzymes
- Route of elimination
0.24 mg/kg, healthy subjects: ~70% of the parent drug is excreted in urine in the first 24 hours.
- Half-life
Terminal elimination half-life, NHL patients: 4.4 hours; Terminal elimination half-life, MM patients: 5.6 hours; Terminal elimination half-life, Hodgkin's lymphoma patients: 3.5 hours; Distribution half-life: 0.3 hours
- Clearance
Total plasma clearance: 4.38 L/h; Renal clearance: 3.15 L/h
- Adverse Effects
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LD50, mouse, SC: 16.3 mg/kg; LD50, rat, SC: >50 mg/kg; LD50, mouse and rat, IV injection: 5.2 mg/kg
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbacavir Abacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Plerixafor which could result in a higher serum level. Aceclofenac Aceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Plerixafor which could result in a higher serum level. Acemetacin Acemetacin may decrease the excretion rate of Plerixafor which could result in a higher serum level. Acetaminophen Acetaminophen may decrease the excretion rate of Plerixafor which could result in a higher serum level. Acetazolamide Acetazolamide may increase the excretion rate of Plerixafor which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Acetylsalicylic acid Acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Plerixafor which could result in a higher serum level. Aclidinium Plerixafor may decrease the excretion rate of Aclidinium which could result in a higher serum level. Acrivastine Plerixafor may decrease the excretion rate of Acrivastine which could result in a higher serum level. Acyclovir Acyclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Plerixafor which could result in a higher serum level. Adefovir dipivoxil Adefovir dipivoxil may decrease the excretion rate of Plerixafor which could result in a higher serum level. 
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- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Plerixafor octahydrochloride OD49913540 155148-31-5 UEUPDYPUTTUXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Mozobil Solution 20 mg / mL Subcutaneous Sanofi Aventis 2012-03-26 Not applicable Canada 
Mozobil Solution 24 mg/1.2mL Subcutaneous Genzyme Corporation 2008-12-15 2018-03-23 US 
Mozobil Injection, solution 20 mg/ml Subcutaneous Genzyme Europe Bv 2020-12-23 Not applicable EU 
Mozobil Solution 24 mg/1.2mL Subcutaneous sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC 2013-09-01 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- L03AX16 — Plerixafor
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylmethylamines. These are compounds containing a phenylmethtylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted by an methanamine.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Phenylmethylamines
- Direct Parent
- Phenylmethylamines
- Alternative Parents
- Benzylamines / Aralkylamines / Trialkylamines / Dialkylamines / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- Amine / Aralkylamine / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzylamine / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic nitrogen compound / Organoheterocyclic compound / Organonitrogen compound / Organopnictogen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- S915P5499N
- CAS number
- 110078-46-1
- InChI Key
- YIQPUIGJQJDJOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C28H54N8/c1-9-29-15-17-31-13-3-21-35(23-19-33-11-1)25-27-5-7-28(8-6-27)26-36-22-4-14-32-18-16-30-10-2-12-34-20-24-36/h5-8,29-34H,1-4,9-26H2
- IUPAC Name
- 1-{[4-(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecan-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]methyl}-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane
- SMILES
- C(N1CCCNCCNCCCNCC1)C1=CC=C(CN2CCCNCCNCCCNCC2)C=C1
References
- General References
- Uy GL, Rettig MP, Cashen AF: Plerixafor, a CXCR4 antagonist for the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2008 Nov;8(11):1797-804. doi: 10.1517/14712598.8.11.1797 . [Article]
- Fricker SP: A novel CXCR4 antagonist for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2008 Nov;17(11):1749-60. doi: 10.1517/13543784.17.11.1749 . [Article]
- DiPersio JF, Stadtmauer EA, Nademanee A, Micallef IN, Stiff PJ, Kaufman JL, Maziarz RT, Hosing C, Fruehauf S, Horwitz M, Cooper D, Bridger G, Calandra G: Plerixafor and G-CSF versus placebo and G-CSF to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells for autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma. Blood. 2009 Jun 4;113(23):5720-6. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-08-174946. Epub 2009 Apr 10. [Article]
- Stewart DA, Smith C, MacFarland R, Calandra G: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of plerixafor in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009 Jan;15(1):39-46. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.10.018. [Article]
- Brave M, Farrell A, Ching Lin S, Ocheltree T, Pope Miksinski S, Lee SL, Saber H, Fourie J, Tornoe C, Booth B, Yuan W, He K, Justice R, Pazdur R: FDA review summary: Mozobil in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the peripheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation. Oncology. 2010;78(3-4):282-8. doi: 10.1159/000315736. Epub 2010 Jun 8. [Article]
- Choi HY, Yong CS, Yoo BK: Plerixafor for stem cell mobilization in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Ann Pharmacother. 2010 Jan;44(1):117-26. doi: 10.1345/aph.1M380. Epub 2009 Dec 15. [Article]
- Keating GM: Plerixafor: a review of its use in stem-cell mobilization in patients with lymphoma or multiple myeloma. Drugs. 2011 Aug 20;71(12):1623-47. doi: 10.2165/11206040-000000000-00000. [Article]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015681
- KEGG Drug
- D08971
- PubChem Compound
- 65015
- PubChem Substance
- 99443297
- ChemSpider
- 58531
- BindingDB
- 50035696
- 733003
- ChEBI
- 125354
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL18442
- ZINC
- ZINC000022443609
- PharmGKB
- PA165958410
- Guide to Pharmacology
- GtP Drug Page
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Plerixafor
- FDA label
- Download (270 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (86.2 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Treatment Diabetes 1 4 Completed Treatment Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) 1 4 Unknown Status Treatment Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation 1 3 Completed Treatment Front Line Mobilization / Hodgkin's Disease or Multiple Myeloma / Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) / Transplantations 1 3 Completed Treatment Multiple Myeloma (MM) 2 3 Completed Treatment Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) 2 3 Terminated Treatment Refractory Multiple Myeloma 1 2 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Multiple Myeloma (MM) 1 2 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Scleroderma, Systemic 1 2 Completed Supportive Care Multiple Myeloma (MM) / Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, solution Parenteral; Subcutaneous 20 MG/ML Solution Subcutaneous 20 mg / mL Solution Subcutaneous 24 mg/1.2mL Injection, solution Solution Subcutaneous Solution Subcutaneous 20 mg/ml Injection, solution Subcutaneous 20 mg/ml Solution Subcutaneous 24 mg Injection, solution Subcutaneous Injection, solution 20 mg/1ml Solution Subcutaneous 20 mg/1ml - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US6987102 No 2006-01-17 2023-07-22 US US7897590 No 2011-03-01 2023-03-22 US USRE42152 No 2011-02-15 2018-12-10 US
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 131.5 °C FDA label water solubility Soluble MSDS pKa 6.0 - 7.5 MSDS - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.0472 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 0.62 ALOGPS logP -0.43 ChemAxon logS -4 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Basic) 10.54 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 4 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 8 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 6 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 78.66 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 4 ChemAxon Refractivity 155.01 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 60.51 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 3 ChemAxon Bioavailability 0 ChemAxon Rule of Five No ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.932 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.6867 Caco-2 permeable - 0.5403 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.8076 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.8119 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.7683 Renal organic cation transporter Inhibitor 0.5069 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8905 CYP450 2D6 substrate Substrate 0.5274 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.7818 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.8787 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9272 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7149 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9114 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8817 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.926 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.7906 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9106 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9824 Rat acute toxicity 2.1178 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.5 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Inhibitor 0.6334
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Virus receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 that transduces a signal by increasing intracellular calcium ion levels and enhancing MAPK1/MAPK3 activation. Acts as a receptor for extracellular ubiq...
- Gene Name
- CXCR4
- Uniprot ID
- P61073
- Uniprot Name
- C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4
- Molecular Weight
- 39745.055 Da
References
- Uy GL, Rettig MP, Cashen AF: Plerixafor, a CXCR4 antagonist for the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2008 Nov;8(11):1797-804. doi: 10.1517/14712598.8.11.1797 . [Article]
- Jujo K, Ii M, Sekiguchi H, Klyachko E, Misener S, Tanaka T, Tongers J, Roncalli J, Renault MA, Thorne T, Ito A, Clarke T, Kamide C, Tsurumi Y, Hagiwara N, Qin G, Asahi M, Losordo DW: CXC-chemokine receptor 4 antagonist AMD3100 promotes cardiac functional recovery after ischemia/reperfusion injury via endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanism. Circulation. 2013 Jan 1;127(1):63-73. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.099242. Epub 2012 Nov 30. [Article]
Drug created on September 14, 2010 16:21 / Updated on October 22, 2021 23:18