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Displaying results 11 - 20 of 134080 in total
  1. Pathway

    Starch and Sucrose Metabolism

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000058
    Metabolic

    The action of enterocytes of the small intestine microvilli further break down limit dextrins and disaccharides into monosaccharides: glucose, galactose, and fructose. … Amylase enzymes secreted in saliva by the parotid gland and in the small intestine play an important role in initiating starch digestion.

    Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · NADH · ATP · Calcium · Magnesium cation · Uridine diphosphate glucose +4 more
  2. Pathway

    Spermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000445
    Metabolic

    Spermidine and spermine are produced in many tissues, as they are involved in the regulation of genetic processes from DNA synthesis to cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. … The Spermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis pathway highlights the creation of these cruicial polyamines.

    Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ademetionine · Spermine · Ornithine · Methionine · ATP +6 more
  3. Pathway

    Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000008
    Metabolic

    Fumarylacetoacetate is finally split via fumarylacetoacetate-hydrolase into fumarate (also a metabolite of the citric acid cycle) and acetoacetate (3-ketobutyroate). … into polypeptides (via tyrosyl tRNA synthetase and phenylalyl tRNA synthetase) and the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine via phenylalanine hydroxylase.

    Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Phenylalanine · Adenosine phosphate · Tyrosine · Glutamic acid · ATP +11 more
  4. Pathway

    Arginine and Proline Metabolism

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000020
    Metabolic

    The arginine and proline metabolism pathway illustrates the biosynthesis and metabolism of several amino acids including arginine, ornithine, proline, citrulline, and glutamate in mammals. … After this, the mitochondrial citrulline is released from the small intestine enterocytes and into the bloodstream where it is taken up by the kidneys for arginine production.

    Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ademetionine · Arginine · Aspartic acid · Ornithine · Adenosine phosphate +21 more
  5. Pathway

    Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Degradation

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000032
    Metabolic

    In muscle, the final products of leucine, isoleucine, and valine catabolism can be fully oxidized via the citric acid cycle; in the liver, they can be directed toward the synthesis of ketone bodies (acetoacetate … and acetyl-CoA) and glucose (succinyl-CoA).

    Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Biotin · Succinic acid · Glutamic acid · Pyridoxal · Leucine +10 more
  6. Pathway

    Threonine and 2-Oxobutanoate Degradation

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000452
    Metabolic

    2-oxobutanoate, also known as 2-Ketobutyric acid, is a 2-keto acid that is commonly produced in the metabolism of amino acids such as methionine and threonine. … E1 binds the 2-oxobutanoate to the lipoate on E2, which then transfers the propionyl group to coenzyme A, producing propionyl-CoA and reducing the lipoate.

    Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Biotin · Threonine · NADH · ATP · Flavin adenine dinucleotide +1 more
  7. Pathway

    Apoptotic DNA Fragmentation and Tissue Homeostasis

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0063772
    Signaling

    ICAD and CAD exist in the nucleus in normal cells and is a major endonuclease in apoptosis. Its activation is normally caspase dependent. … EndoG resides in mitochondria in normal cells and travels to the nucleus, where it fragments chromosomal DNA upon activation of apoptosis.

    Drugs: Zinc
  8. Pathway

    Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Creatinine

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123283
    Metabolic

    If not cleared, it can reduce cardiomyocyte contractility and weaken cardiac efficiency, leading to systolic dysfunction and heart failure. … Arginine from the diet is absorbed into systemic circulation and enters hepatocytes through an amino acid transporter, where it undergoes a series of metabolic reactions.

    Drugs: Ademetionine · Arginine · Ornithine · Glycine · Creatine · Glycocyamine
  9. Pathway

    Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Xanthine

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124865
    Metabolic

    The purines are guanine and adenine. These undergo metabolism in the liver to form xanthine. Adenine forms adenosine through the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase. … Xanthine then enters the blood where it can have detrimental effects on other organs such as the kidney (causing renal failure) and the blood vessel (causing endothelial dysfunction).

    Drugs: Adenine · Adenosine · Zinc · Xanthine · Guanine · Ribose-1-Phosphate +3 more
  10. Pathway

    Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Kynurenine

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125524
    Disease

    In the blood it travels to the liver and is transported into a hepatocyte by an amino acid transporter. … Kynurenine is shown to activate aryl hydrocarbon receptors that can lead to renal impairment, apoptosis, and kynurenine has also been found to disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

    Drugs: Tryptophan · Formic acid · Kynurenine · Mesoheme
    Enzymes: Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT