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Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000008Metabolicinto polypeptides (via tyrosyl tRNA synthetase and phenylalyl tRNA synthetase) and the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine via phenylalanine hydroxylase. … This reaction functions both as the first step in tyrosine/phenylalanine catabolism by which the body disposes of excess phenylalanine, and as a source of the amino acid tyrosine.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Phenylalanine · Adenosine phosphate · Tyrosine · Glutamic acid · ATP +11 moreArginine and Proline Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000020Metabolic, and neurons. … The arginine and proline metabolism pathway illustrates the biosynthesis and metabolism of several amino acids including arginine, ornithine, proline, citrulline, and glutamate in mammals.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ademetionine · Arginine · Aspartic acid · Ornithine · Adenosine phosphate +21 moreValine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Degradation
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000032MetabolicBecause leucine gives rise to acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA, it is classified as strictly ketogenic. … and acetyl-CoA) and glucose (succinyl-CoA).
Threonine and 2-Oxobutanoate Degradation
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000452MetabolicE1 binds the 2-oxobutanoate to the lipoate on E2, which then transfers the propionyl group to coenzyme A, producing propionyl-CoA and reducing the lipoate. … In the final step, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase acts on the R-methylmalonyl-CoA to produce succinyl-CoA.
Apoptotic DNA Fragmentation and Tissue Homeostasis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0063772SignalingEndoG resides in mitochondria in normal cells and travels to the nucleus, where it fragments chromosomal DNA upon activation of apoptosis. … ICAD and CAD exist in the nucleus in normal cells and is a major endonuclease in apoptosis. Its activation is normally caspase dependent.
Drugs: ZincMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Creatinine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123283MetabolicIf not cleared, it can reduce cardiomyocyte contractility and weaken cardiac efficiency, leading to systolic dysfunction and heart failure. … Arginine from the diet is absorbed into systemic circulation and enters hepatocytes through an amino acid transporter, where it undergoes a series of metabolic reactions.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Xanthine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124865MetabolicAdenosine then reacts with water to form inosine and ammonia using the enzyme adenosine deaminase. Inosine goes on to form hypoxanthine through the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase. … The purines are guanine and adenine. These undergo metabolism in the liver to form xanthine. Adenine forms adenosine through the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Kynurenine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125524DiseaseIn the blood it travels to the liver and is transported into a hepatocyte by an amino acid transporter. … Kynurenine is shown to activate aryl hydrocarbon receptors that can lead to renal impairment, apoptosis, and kynurenine has also been found to disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
Enzymes: Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBATMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Isovalerylglycine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126748Metabolicand its isomer, pivaloylcarnitine; pivaloylcarnitine is derived from pivalate-generating antibiotics, and has caused many false-positive results. … Isovalerylglycine (IVG) is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Tiglylglycine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126840MetabolicThis is then converted to tiglyl-CoA by SBCAD which can then be made into tiglylglycine via glycine N-acyltransferase. … Tiglylglycine is an intermediate product of the catabolism of isoleucine.