Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Summary
Flurandrenolide is a corticosteroid used to treat corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.
- Brand Names
- Cordran, Nolix
- Generic Name
- Flurandrenolide
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00846
- Background
A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Flurandrenolide (DB00846)
- Weight
- Average: 436.5136
Monoisotopic: 436.226116993 - Chemical Formula
- C24H33FO6
- Synonyms
- Fludroxicortida
- Fludroxicortide
- Fludroxycortid
- Fludroxycortide
- Fludroxycortidum
- Flurandrenolide
- Flurandrenolone
- External IDs
- 33379
- Lilly 33379
Pharmacology
- Indication
For relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, particularly dry, scaling localized lesions
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Management of Dermatoses •••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Flurandrenolide is primarily effective because of its anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive actions.
- Mechanism of action
Flurandrenolide is a topical corticosteroid. It is normally applied to a plastic tape called Cordran. Cordran is primarily effective because of its anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive actions. Flurandrenolide, which is slowly released from the Cordran tape, binds to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor. After binding the receptor the newly formed receptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing the increase in expression of specific target genes. The anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Specifically glucocorticoids induce lipocortin-1 (annexin-1) synthesis, which then binds to cell membranes preventing the phospholipase A2 from coming into contact with its substrate arachidonic acid. This leads to diminished eicosanoid production. Cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) expression is also suppressed, potentiating the effect. In another words, the two main products in inflammation Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes are inhibited by the action of Glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids also stimulate the lipocortin-1 escaping to the extracellular space, where it binds to the leukocyte membrane receptors and inhibits various inflammatory events: epithelial adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst and the release of various inflammatory mediators (lysosomal enzymes, cytokines, tissue plasminogen activator, chemokines etc.) from neutrophils, macrophages and mastocytes. Additionally the immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding. Like other glucocorticoid agents Fluocinolone acetonide acts as a physiological antagonist to insulin by decreasing glycogenesis (formation of glycogen). It also promotes the breakdown of lipids (lipolysis), and proteins, leading to the mobilization of extrahepatic amino acids and ketone bodies. This leads to increased circulating glucose concentrations (in the blood). There is also decreased glycogen formation in the liver.
Target Actions Organism ASteroid hormone receptor ERR1 modulatorHumans ASteroid hormone receptor ERR2 modulatorHumans AEstrogen-related receptor gamma modulatorHumans AGlucocorticoid receptor agonistHumans - Absorption
Once absorbed through the skin, topical corticosteroids are handled through pharmacokinetic pathways similar to those of systemically administered corticosteroids
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Corticosteroids are bound to plasma proteins in varying degrees.
- Metabolism
Primarily hepatic
- Route of elimination
Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from normal intact skin. They are metabolized primarily in the liver and then excreted in the kidneys. Some of the topical corticosteroids and their metabolites are also excreted into the bile.
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids has produced reversible hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, manifestations of Cushing's syndrome, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria in some patients
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbametapir The serum concentration of Flurandrenolide can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Acarbose The risk or severity of hyperglycemia can be increased when Flurandrenolide is combined with Acarbose. Acetohexamide The risk or severity of hyperglycemia can be increased when Flurandrenolide is combined with Acetohexamide. Acetyldigitoxin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Flurandrenolide is combined with Acetyldigitoxin. Albiglutide The risk or severity of hyperglycemia can be increased when Flurandrenolide is combined with Albiglutide. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- International/Other Brands
- Drenison (Biolab) / Haelan (Typharm Limited)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Cordran Ointment 0.25 mg/1g Topical Aqua Pharmaceuticals, LLC. 2007-05-31 2007-05-31 US 
Cordran Ointment 0.25 mg/1g Topical Watson Pharma, Inc. 1965-10-18 2011-08-30 US Cordran Cream 0.5 mg/1g Topical Watson Pharma, Inc. 1965-10-18 2011-08-30 US Cordran Tape 4 ug/1cm2 Topical Almirall, LLC 2018-09-24 Not applicable US Cordran Cream 0.5 mg/1g Topical Almirall, LLC 1965-10-18 Not applicable US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Flurandrenolide Cream 0.5 mg/1g Topical Teligent Pharma, Inc. 2016-04-13 2016-04-20 US Flurandrenolide Lotion 0.5 mg/1mL Topical bryant ranch prepack 2016-10-06 Not applicable US Flurandrenolide Lotion 0.5 mg/1mL Topical Cintex Services, Llc 2016-12-22 2022-06-30 US Flurandrenolide Ointment 0.5 mg/1g Topical Mayne Pharma Inc. 2019-11-29 Not applicable US Flurandrenolide Lotion 0.5 mg/1mL Topical Padagis Israel Pharmaceuticals Ltd 2016-10-06 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- D07CC03 — Fludroxycortide and antibiotics
- D07CC — Corticosteroids, potent, combinations with antibiotics
- D07C — CORTICOSTEROIDS, COMBINATIONS WITH ANTIBIOTICS
- D07 — CORTICOSTEROIDS, DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS
- D — DERMATOLOGICALS
- Drug Categories
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonists
- Corticosteroids
- Corticosteroids, Dermatological Preparations
- Corticosteroids, Potent (Group III)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Dermatologicals
- Fused-Ring Compounds
- Hormones
- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
- Immunosuppressive Agents
- Pregnanes
- Pregnenediones
- Pregnenes
- Steroids
- Steroids, Fluorinated
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 21-hydroxysteroids. These are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Lipids and lipid-like molecules
- Class
- Steroids and steroid derivatives
- Sub Class
- Hydroxysteroids
- Direct Parent
- 21-hydroxysteroids
- Alternative Parents
- Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives / 20-oxosteroids / 11-beta-hydroxysteroids / 3-oxo delta-4-steroids / Halogenated steroids / Delta-4-steroids / Ketals / Cyclohexenones / 1,3-dioxolanes / Alpha-hydroxy ketones show 8 more
- Substituents
- 11-beta-hydroxysteroid / 11-hydroxysteroid / 20-oxosteroid / 21-hydroxysteroid / 3-oxo-delta-4-steroid / 3-oxosteroid / 6-halo-steroid / Acetal / Alcohol / Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound show 25 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 8EUL29XUQT
- CAS number
- 1524-88-5
- InChI Key
- POPFMWWJOGLOIF-XWCQMRHXSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C24H33FO6/c1-21(2)30-19-9-14-13-8-16(25)15-7-12(27)5-6-22(15,3)20(13)17(28)10-23(14,4)24(19,31-21)18(29)11-26/h7,13-14,16-17,19-20,26,28H,5-6,8-11H2,1-4H3/t13-,14-,16-,17-,19+,20+,22-,23-,24+/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (1S,2S,4R,8S,9S,11S,12S,13R,19S)-19-fluoro-11-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-6,6,9,13-tetramethyl-5,7-dioxapentacyclo[10.8.0.0^{2,9}.0^{4,8}.0^{13,18}]icos-17-en-16-one
- SMILES
- CC1(C)O[C@@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H]4C[C@H](F)C5=CC(=O)CC[C@]5(C)[C@H]4[C@@H](O)C[C@]3(C)[C@@]2(O1)C(=O)CO
References
- Synthesis Reference
Casas-Campillo, C.; U.S. Patent 3,119,748; January 28, 1964; assigned to Syntex Corporation, Panama. Ringold, H.J., Zderic, J.A., Djerassi, C. and Bowers, A.; U.S. Patent 3,126,375; March 24, 1964; assigned to Syntex Corporation, Panama.
- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014984
- KEGG Drug
- D00328
- PubChem Compound
- 15209
- PubChem Substance
- 46505159
- ChemSpider
- 14475
- BindingDB
- 50240003
- 4500
- ChEBI
- 5127
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1201012
- ZINC
- ZINC000004097308
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000418
- PharmGKB
- PA164750513
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Fludroxycortide
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample data3 Completed Treatment Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis therapy / End-stage Renal Failure (ESRF) / Peritoneal dialysis therapy / Renal Failure, Chronic Renal Failure 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 2 Terminated Treatment Anorexia / Cachexia / Weight Loss 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Watson pharmaceuticals inc
- Watson laboratories inc
- Alpharma us pharmaceuticals division
- Packagers
- Aqua Pharmaceuticals
- DPT Laboratories Ltd.
- Oclassen Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Watson Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Cream Topical 0.5 mg/1g Lotion Topical 0.5 mg/1mL Ointment Topical 0.25 mg/1g Ointment Topical 0.5 mg/1g Tape Topical 4 ug/1cm2 Cream Topical 0.25 mg/1g Cream Topical Ointment Topical Tape Topical 4 mcg / sq cm - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Cordran (80 X 3 Inch) Box Box 105.02USD box Cordran 4 mcg/sqcm Tape (24 X 3 Inch) Box 53.63USD box Cordran 0.05% lotion 4.8USD ml Cordran sp 0.05% cream 4.8USD g DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 251 °C PhysProp water solubility Insoluble Not Available logP 0.6 Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.0578 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.02 ALOGPS logP 1.56 Chemaxon logS -3.9 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 13.74 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -2.8 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 6 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 93.06 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 2 Chemaxon Refractivity 110.79 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 45.51 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 5 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9796 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9739 Caco-2 permeable + 0.5279 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.8046 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.6488 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.7127 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.7839 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.862 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8911 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.7258 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9294 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9269 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9481 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9398 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8309 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9098 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8398 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.934 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 1.0 Rat acute toxicity 2.2002 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9652 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.5679
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 210.276699 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 209.423399 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 205.55095 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 209.402399 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 210.673699 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 207.27467 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 207.564299 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 208.698199 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 213.95103 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Modulator
- General Function
- Binds to an ERR-alpha response element (ERRE) containing a single consensus half-site, 5'-TNAAGGTCA-3'. Can bind to the medium-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) response element NRRE-1 and may act as an important regulator of MCAD promoter. Binds to the C1 region of the lactoferrin gene promoter. Requires dimerization and the coactivator, PGC-1A, for full activity. The ERRalpha/PGC1alpha complex is a regulator of energy metabolism. Induces the expression of PERM1 in the skeletal muscle
- Specific Function
- Dna-binding transcription factor activity
- Gene Name
- ESRRA
- Uniprot ID
- P11474
- Uniprot Name
- Steroid hormone receptor ERR1
- Molecular Weight
- 45509.11 Da
References
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Modulator
- General Function
- Transcription factor that binds a canonical ESRRB recognition (ERRE) sequence 5'TCAAGGTCA-3' localized on promoter and enhancer of targets genes regulating their expression or their transcription activity (PubMed:17920186, PubMed:19755138). Plays a role, in a LIF-independent manner, in maintainance of self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic and trophoblast stem cells through different signaling pathways including FGF signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathways. Upon FGF signaling pathway activation, interacts with KDM1A by directly binding to enhancer site of ELF5 and EOMES and activating their transcription leading to self-renewal of trophoblast stem cells. Also regulates expression of multiple rod-specific genes and is required for survival of this cell type (By similarity). Plays a role as transcription factor activator of GATA6, NR0B1, POU5F1 and PERM1 (PubMed:23836911). Plays a role as transcription factor repressor of NFE2L2 transcriptional activity and ESR1 transcriptional activity (PubMed:17920186, PubMed:19755138). During mitosis remains bound to a subset of interphase target genes, including pluripotency regulators, through the canonical ESRRB recognition (ERRE) sequence, leading to their transcriptional activation in early G1 phase. Can coassemble on structured DNA elements with other transcription factors like SOX2, POU5F1, KDM1A and NCOA3 to trigger ESRRB-dependent gene activation. This mechanism, in the case of SOX2 corecruitment prevents the embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to epiblast stem cells (EpiSC) transition through positive regulation of NR0B1 that inhibits the EpiSC transcriptional program. Also plays a role inner ear development by controlling expression of ion channels and transporters and in early placentation (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- Cis-regulatory region sequence-specific dna binding
- Gene Name
- ESRRB
- Uniprot ID
- O95718
- Uniprot Name
- Steroid hormone receptor ERR2
- Molecular Weight
- 48053.14 Da
References
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Modulator
- General Function
- Orphan receptor that acts as a transcription activator in the absence of bound ligand. Binds specifically to an estrogen response element and activates reporter genes controlled by estrogen response elements (By similarity). Induces the expression of PERM1 in the skeletal muscle
- Specific Function
- Af-2 domain binding
- Gene Name
- ESRRG
- Uniprot ID
- P62508
- Uniprot Name
- Estrogen-related receptor gamma
- Molecular Weight
- 51305.485 Da
References
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC) (PubMed:27120390, PubMed:37478846). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors (PubMed:28139699). Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Involved in chromatin remodeling (PubMed:9590696). Plays a role in rapid mRNA degradation by binding to the 5' UTR of target mRNAs and interacting with PNRC2 in a ligand-dependent manner which recruits the RNA helicase UPF1 and the mRNA-decapping enzyme DCP1A, leading to RNA decay (PubMed:25775514). Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- Core promoter sequence-specific dna binding
- Gene Name
- NR3C1
- Uniprot ID
- P04150
- Uniprot Name
- Glucocorticoid receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 85658.57 Da
References
- Baschant U, Tuckermann J: The role of the glucocorticoid receptor in inflammation and immunity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 May 31;120(2-3):69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.058. Epub 2010 Mar 24. [Article]
- Fitzgerald P, O'Brien SM, Scully P, Rijkers K, Scott LV, Dinan TG: Cutaneous glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in antidepressant-resistant depression. Psychol Med. 2006 Jan;36(1):37-43. Epub 2005 Oct 28. [Article]
- Issar M, Sahasranaman S, Buchwald P, Hochhaus G: Differences in the glucocorticoid to progesterone receptor selectivity of inhaled glucocorticoids. Eur Respir J. 2006 Mar;27(3):511-6. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
- Specific Function
- 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- NCI/NIH [Link]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Major transport protein for glucocorticoids and progestins in the blood of almost all vertebrate species
- Specific Function
- Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- Gene Name
- SERPINA6
- Uniprot ID
- P08185
- Uniprot Name
- Corticosteroid-binding globulin
- Molecular Weight
- 45140.49 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Emptoz-Bonneton A, Cousin P, Seguchi K, Avvakumov GV, Bully C, Hammond GL, Pugeat M: Novel human corticosteroid-binding globulin variant with low cortisol-binding affinity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jan;85(1):361-7. [Article]
- Smith CL, Power SG, Hammond GL: A Leu----His substitution at residue 93 in human corticosteroid binding globulin results in reduced affinity for cortisol. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1992 Aug;42(7):671-6. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at September 15, 2024 21:55