Clobetasol propionate

Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:

Unlock enhanced features & extensive drug insights, including detailed interaction data & regulatory status. Create a free account.

SUBSCRIBERECOMMENDED FOR PHARMA

Explore the full scope of our drug knowledge tailored for pharmaceutical research needs in our data library. Learn more.

Identification

Summary

Clobetasol propionate is a corticosteroid used to treat corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses and plaque psoriasis.

Brand Names

Clobex, Clodan, Dermovate, Impeklo, Impoyz, Olux, Temovate, Tovet

Generic Name

Clobetasol propionate

DrugBank Accession Number

DB01013

Background

Clobetasol propionate is a prednisolone derivative with higher specificity for glucocorticoid receptors than mineralocorticoid receptors.¹⁰ It has demonstrated superior activity compared to fluocinonide⁴ and was first described in the literature in 1974.¹

Clobetasol Propionate was granted FDA approval on 27 December 1985.⁹

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved

Structure

Similar Structures

Weight: Average: 466.97
Monoisotopic: 466.192230046
Chemical Formula: C₂₅H₃₂ClFO₅

Synonyms

21-chloro-9-fluoro-11β,17-dihydroxy-16β-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 17-propionate
clobetasol 17-propanoate
clobetasol 17-propionate
Clobetasol propionate
Clobetasol propionate E

External IDs

CCI 4725
CCI-4725
GR 2/925
GR-2/925

Unlock the secrets to drugging the undruggable

Discover how groundbreaking research is turning "undruggable" targets into therapeutic opportunities.

Download eBook

Unlock the secrets to drugging the undruggable

Download eBook

Pharmacology

Indication

Clobetasol propionate is indicated to treat moderate to severe plaque psoriasis^11,12,13 as well as inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.^10,14

The ophthalmic suspension of clobetasol propionate is indicated for the treatment of post-operative inflammation and pain following ocular surgery.¹⁶

Reduce drug development failure rates

Build, train, & validate machine-learning models
with evidence-based and structured datasets.

See how

Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.

See how

Associated Conditions

Indication Type	Indication	Combined Product Details	Approval Level	Dose Form
Used in combination to treat	Alopecia	Combination Product in combination with: Minoxidil (DB00350), Tretinoin (DB00755)	••••••••••••	••••••••
Management of	Post operative eye inflammation		••••••••••••	••••••••••
Treatment of	Severe plaque psoriasis		••••••••••••	•••••••• ••••• •••
Treatment of	Severe plaque psoriasis		••••••••••••	•••••
Treatment of	Severe plaque psoriasis		••••••••••••	•••••

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

Prevent Adverse Drug Events Today

Tap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.

Learn more

Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API

Learn more

Pharmacodynamics

Corticosteroids bind to the glucocorticoid receptor, inhibiting pro-inflammatory signals, and promoting anti-inflammatory signals.⁵ Clobetasol propionate is generally applied twice daily so the duration of action is long.^{10,11,12,13,14,15} Corticosteroids have a wide therapeutic window as patients may require doses that are multiples of what the body naturally produces.⁵ Patients taking corticosteroids should be counselled regarding the risk of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression and increased susceptibility to infections.⁵

Mechanism of action

The short term effects of corticosteroids are decreased vasodilation and permeability of capillaries, as well as decreased leukocyte migration to sites of inflammation.⁵ Corticosteroids binding to the glucocorticoid receptor mediates changes in gene expression that lead to multiple downstream effects over hours to days.⁵

Glucocorticoids inhibit neutrophil apoptosis and demargination; they inhibit phospholipase A2, which decreases the formation of arachidonic acid derivatives; they inhibit NF-Kappa B and other inflammatory transcription factors; they promote anti-inflammatory genes like interleukin-10.⁵

Lower doses of corticosteroids provide an anti-inflammatory effect, while higher doses are immunosuppressive.⁵ High doses of glucocorticoids for an extended period bind to the mineralocorticoid receptor, raising sodium levels and decreasing potassium levels.⁵

Target	Actions	Organism
AGlucocorticoid receptor	agonist	Humans
UAnnexin A1	inducer	Humans
UMineralocorticoid receptor	agonist	Humans

Absorption

Twice daily application of clobetasol foam leads to a C_max of 59±36pg/mL with a T_max of 5 hours.¹⁰ Clobetasol cream showed an increase in clobetasol concentrations from 50.7±96.0pg/mL to 56.3±104.7pg/mL.¹²

Volume of distribution

Data regarding the volume of distribution of clobetasole propionate are not readily available.^{10,11,12,13,14,15}

Protein binding

Data regarding the protein binding of clobetasol propionate are not readily available.^{10,11,12,13,14,15} Corticosteroids are generally bound to corticosteroid binding globulin⁶ and serum albumin⁷ in plasma.

Metabolism

The metabolism of clobetasol propionate is not well studied but it does induce metabolic enzymes, even when delivered topically.² The metabolism of clobetasol propionate is predicted to follow similar metabolic pathways to other corticosteroids including the addition of oxygen, hydrogen, glucuronides, and sulfates to form water soluble metabolites.¹⁵

Route of elimination

Corticosteroids are eliminated predominantly in the urine.⁷

Half-life

Data regarding the half life of clobetasol propionate are not readily available.³

Clearance

Data regarding the clearance of clobetasol propionate are not readily available.³

Adverse Effects

Improve decision support & research outcomes

With structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!

See the data

Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.

See a data sample

Toxicity

Data regarding acute overdoses of glucocorticoids are rare.^10,11,12 Overdoses of clobetasol propionate can lead to reversible HPA axis suppression and glucocorticoid insufficiency.¹⁵ Chronic high doses of glucocorticoids can lead to the development of cataract, glaucoma, hypertension, water retention, hyperlipidemia, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, myopathy, osteoporosis, mood changes, psychosis, dermal atrophy, allergy, acne, hypertrichosis, immune suppression, decreased resistance to infection, moon face, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, metabolic acidosis, growth suppression, and secondary adrenal insufficiency.⁸ Overdose may be treated by adjusting the dose or stopping the corticosteroid as well as initiating symptomatic and supportive treatment.⁸

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Drug	Interaction
Integrate drug-drug interactions in your software
Abametapir	The serum concentration of Clobetasol propionate can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
Abatacept	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clobetasol propionate is combined with Abatacept.
Abemaciclib	The metabolism of Abemaciclib can be increased when combined with Clobetasol propionate.
Acalabrutinib	The metabolism of Acalabrutinib can be increased when combined with Clobetasol propionate.
Acarbose	The risk or severity of hyperglycemia can be increased when Clobetasol propionate is combined with Acarbose.

Food Interactions

No interactions found.

Products

Drug product information from 10+ global regions

Our datasets provide approved product information including:
dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.

Access now

Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.

Access now

Active Moieties

Name	Kind	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Clobetasol	prodrug	ADN79D536H	25122-41-2	FCSHDIVRCWTZOX-DVTGEIKXSA-N

International/Other Brands

Clobesol (GlaxoSmithKline) / Dermovate (GlaxoSmithKline) / Embeline (Hi-Tech) / Embeline E (Hi-Tech)

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Clobetasol Cream 0.05%	Cream	0.05 %	Topical	Prempharm Inc	1996-12-23	2005-08-05
Clobetasol Ointment 0.05%	Ointment	0.05 %	Topical	Prempharm Inc	1996-12-23	2005-08-05
Clobetasol Propionate	Cream	0.5 mg/1g	Topical	Stiefel Laboratories, Inc.	2009-12-31	2010-01-01
Clobetasol Propionate	Suspension / drops	0.5 mg/1mL	Ophthalmic	Eyenovia, Inc.	2024-03-25	Not applicable
Clobetasol Propionate	Aerosol, foam	0.5 mg/1g	Topical	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2011-08-16	Not applicable

Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Alti-clobetasol Propionate Cream 0.05%	Cream	.05 %	Topical	Altimed Pharma Inc.	1993-12-31	2001-09-05
Alti-clobetasol Propionate Ont 0.05%	Ointment	.05 %	Topical	Altimed Pharma Inc.	1993-12-31	2001-09-05
Alti-clobetasol Propionate Scalp Application 0.05%	Liquid	.05 %	Topical	Altimed Pharma Inc.	1993-12-31	2001-09-05
Apo-clobetasol Spray	Spray	0.05 % w/w	Topical	Apotex Corporation	2018-07-17	Not applicable
Clobetasol Propionate	Shampoo	.5 mg/1mL	Topical	Akorn	2017-10-30	Not applicable

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
TACOSOL CREAM	Cream	0.05 %w/w	บริษัท วาย.เอส.พี. (ประเทศไทย) จำกัด	2008-09-18	Not applicable
ฮอฟเวท	Cream	0.05 %w/w	บริษัท โอสถ อินเตอร์ แลบบอราทอรีส์ จำกัด จำกัด	2008-11-20	Not applicable
โคลทาซอล	Cream	0.05 %w/w	บริษัท บูรพาโอสถ จำกัด จำกัด	2000-12-19	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Clobeta	Clobetasol propionate (0.5 mg/1g) + Coal tar (23 mg/1mL)	Kit	Topical	Tiber Laboratories, LLC	2011-04-06	2012-06-30
Clobeta	Clobetasol propionate (0.5 mg/1g) + Coal tar (23 mg/1mL)	Kit	Topical	Tiber Laboratories, LLC	2011-04-06	2012-06-30
Clobetair	Clobetasol propionate (0.5 mg/1g) + Dimethicone (50 mg/1mL)	Kit	Topical	PureTek Corporation	2020-03-23	2020-05-21
Clobetavix	Clobetasol propionate (0.5 mg/1g) + Clobetasol propionate (0.5 g/1g)	Kit	Topical	Primary Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2019-01-23	Not applicable
Clobetavix	Clobetasol propionate (0.5 mg/1g) + Clobetasol propionate (0.5 g/1g)	Kit	Topical	Primary Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2019-01-23	Not applicable

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Calcipotriene 0.005% / Clobetasol Propionate 0.05%	Clobetasol propionate (0.05 g/100g) + Calcipotriol (0.005 g/100g)	Solution	Topical	Sincerus Florida, LLC	2019-05-20	Not applicable
Ciclopirox 1% / Clobetasol Propionate 0.05%	Clobetasol propionate (0.05 g/100g) + Ciclopirox (1 g/100g)	Shampoo	Topical	Sincerus Florida, LLC	2019-05-01	Not applicable
Ciclopirox Olamine 0.77% / Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% / Salicylic Acid 3%.	Clobetasol propionate (0.05 g/100g) + Ciclopirox olamine (1 g/100g) + Salicylic acid (3 g/100g)	Shampoo	Topical	Sincerus Florida, LLC	2019-05-17	Not applicable
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% / Coal Tar 8% / Salicylic Acid 6%	Clobetasol propionate (0.05 g/100g) + Coal tar (8 g/100g) + Salicylic acid (6 g/100g)	Cream	Topical	Sincerus Florida, LLC	2019-05-15	Not applicable
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% / Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride 2%	Clobetasol propionate (0.05 g/100g) + Levocetirizine dihydrochloride (2 g/100g)	Shampoo	Topical	Sincerus Florida, LLC	2019-05-17	Not applicable

Chemical Identifiers

UNII: 779619577M
CAS number: 25122-46-7
InChI Key: CBGUOGMQLZIXBE-XGQKBEPLSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C25H32ClFO5/c1-5-21(31)32-25(20(30)13-26)14(2)10-18-17-7-6-15-11-16(28)8-9-22(15,3)24(17,27)19(29)12-23(18,25)4/h8-9,11,14,17-19,29H,5-7,10,12-13H2,1-4H3/t14-,17-,18-,19-,22-,23-,24-,25-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name: (1R,2S,3aS,3bS,9aS,9bR,10S,11aS)-1-(2-chloroacetyl)-9b-fluoro-10-hydroxy-2,9a,11a-trimethyl-7-oxo-1H,2H,3H,3aH,3bH,4H,5H,7H,9aH,9bH,10H,11H,11aH-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl propanoate
SMILES: [H][C@@]12C[C@H](C)[C@](OC(=O)CC)(C(=O)CCl)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1(F)[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]12C

References

Synthesis Reference

Elks, J., Phillipps, G.H. and May, P.J.; US. Patent 3,721,687; March 20, 1973; assigned to Glaxo Laboratories Limited, England.

General References

Sparkes CG, Wilson L: The clinical evaluation of a new topical corticosteroid, clobetasol propionate. An international controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 1974 Feb;90(2):197-203. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb06385.x. [Article]
Finnen MJ, Herdman ML, Shuster S: Induction of drug metabolising enzymes in the skin by topical steroids. J Steroid Biochem. 1984 May;20(5):1169-73. doi: 10.1016/0022-4731(84)90362-5. [Article]
Hehir M, Du Vivier A, Eilon L, Danie MJ, Shenoy EV: Investigation of the pharmacokinetics of clobetasol propionate and clobetasone butyrate after a single application of ointment. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1983 Mar;8(2):143-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1983.tb01758.x. [Article]
Jegasothy B, Jacobson C, Levine N, Millikan L, Olsen E, Pinnell S, Cole G, Weinstein G, Porter M: Clobetasol propionate versus fluocinonide creams in psoriasis and eczema. Int J Dermatol. 1985 Sep;24(7):461-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1985.tb05821.x. [Article]
Yasir M, Sonthalia S: Corticosteroid Adverse Effects . [Article]
Gardill BR, Vogl MR, Lin HY, Hammond GL, Muller YA: Corticosteroid-binding globulin: structure-function implications from species differences. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52759. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052759. Epub 2012 Dec 26. [Article]
Czock D, Keller F, Rasche FM, Haussler U: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of systemically administered glucocorticoids. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(1):61-98. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200544010-00003. [Article]
Ciriaco M, Ventrice P, Russo G, Scicchitano M, Mazzitello G, Scicchitano F, Russo E: Corticosteroid-related central nervous system side effects. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013 Dec;4(Suppl 1):S94-8. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.120975. [Article]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Temovate Clobetasol Propionate Topical Cream (Discontinued) [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Olux-E Clobetasol Propionate Topical Aerosol Foam [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Olux Clobetasol Propionate Topical Aerosol Foam [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Impoyz Clobetasol Propionate Topical Cream [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Clobex Clobetasol Propionate Topical Spray [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Clobex Clobetasol Propionate Topical Lotion [Link]
Health Canada Approved Drug Products: Clobetasol Propionate Topical Spray [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: CLOBETASOL PROPIONATE OPHTHALMIC SUSPENSION 0.05%, for topical ophthalmic use [Link]

External Links

KEGG Drug: D01272
PubChem Compound: 32798
PubChem Substance: 46505670
ChemSpider: 30399
BindingDB: 39347
RxNav: 21245
ChEBI: 31414
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1159650
ZINC: ZINC000003977767
Therapeutic Targets Database: DAP001183
PharmGKB: PA164744375
PDBe Ligand: XRD
RxList: RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com: Drugs.com Drug Page
PDRhealth: PDRhealth Drug Page
Wikipedia: Clobetasol_propionate

PDB Entries

7lad

FDA label

Download (95.3 KB)

MSDS

Download (74.6 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count	Start Date	Why Stopped	100+ additional columns
Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample data
Not Available	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Chronic Skin Disease / Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Healthy Volunteers (HV)	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Psoriasis	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
Not Available	Completed	Basic Science	Dermatitis	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Foot Eczema / Hand Eczema	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Perrigo israel pharmaceuticals ltd
Connetics corp
Stiefel laboratories inc
Actavis mid atlantic llc
E fougera div altana inc
Taro pharmaceuticals inc
Teva pharmaceuticals usa
Altana inc
Stiefel a gsk co
Taro pharmaceuticals usa inc
Hi tech pharmacal co inc
Perrigo co
Galderma laboratories l p
Nycomed us inc
Galderma laboratories inc
Tolmar inc
Wockhardt eu operations (swiss) ag
Galderma laboratories lp

Packagers

Accra Pac Inc.
Ameri-Pac Inc.
A-S Medication Solutions LLC
Contract Pharm
Dermalogix
Dispensing Solutions
Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
DPT Laboratories Ltd.
E. Fougera and Co.
Galderma Laboratories
GlaxoSmithKline Inc.
Glenmark Generics Ltd.
Hi Tech Pharmacal Co. Inc.
Inyx Usa Ltd.
Nycomed Inc.
Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Perrigo Co.
Pharma Pac LLC
Pharmaderm
Pharmedix
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Prasco Labs
Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Quality Care
Rebel Distributors Corp.
Stat Rx Usa
Stiefel Labs
Taro Pharmaceuticals USA
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Watson Pharmaceuticals
Wockhardt Ltd.

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Cream	Topical	.05 %
Liquid	Topical	.05 %
Cream	Topical
Ointment	Topical
Cream	Cutaneous
Ointment	Topical	0.5 mg/g
Lotion	Topical	0.05 g
Lotion	Oral	0.05 g
Aerosol	Topical	0.05 g
Cream	Topical	0.05 %w/w
Solution	Oral	0.5 mg/g
Ointment	Topical	0.44 mg/g
Shampoo	Topical
Aerosol, foam	Topical	500 Mikrogramm/g
Aerosol, foam	Topical	500 UG/G
Aerosol, foam	Topical	500 mcg/g
Emulsion	Topical	0.05 g
Shampoo	Topical	500 MICROGRAMMI/G
Emulsion	Topical	0.5 mg/g
Cream	Cutaneous	0.05 %
Ointment	Cutaneous	0.05 %
Ointment	Cutaneous	20 G
Ointment	Topical	20 G
Cream		0.05 % w/w
Kit	Topical
Aerosol, foam	Topical	0.5 mg/1g
Cream
Cream	Topical	.5 mg/1g
Cream	Topical	0.5 mg/1g
Emulsion	Topical	0.5 mg/1g
Gel	Topical	.05 mg/1g
Gel	Topical	0.5 mg/1g
Lotion	Topical	.05 mg/100mL
Lotion	Topical	0.05 g/100mL
Lotion	Topical	0.5 mg/1mL
Ointment	Topical	.5 mg/1g
Ointment	Topical	0.5 mg/1g
Shampoo	Topical	.5 mg/1mL
Solution	Topical	0.462 mg/1mL
Solution	Topical	0.5 mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	0.05 g/1mL
Suspension / drops	Ophthalmic	0.5 mg/1mL
Cream	Topical
Ointment	Topical
Solution	Topical
Cream	Topical	50 mg
Solution	Topical	500 mcg/mL
Ointment	Topical	500 MCG/G
Lotion	Topical	.05 g/100mL
Lotion	Topical	0.05 mL/100mL
Shampoo	Topical	0.05 g/100mL
Spray	Topical	0.5 mg/1mL
Shampoo	Topical	500 Mikrogramm/g
Shampoo	Topical	0.05 %
Shampoo	Topical	0.05 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	0.05 % w/w
Solution	Cutaneous	0.05 % w/w
Lotion	Cutaneous	0.050 g
Solution	Cutaneous	0.050 g
Ointment	Topical	0.05 g
Shampoo	Topical	0.5 mg/1mL
Kit	Topical	0.5 mg/1mL
Ointment	Topical	0.05 % w/w
Solution	Topical	0.05 %w/v
Shampoo	Topical	0.05 %w/w
Cream	Topical	0.05 g/100g
Cream		0.5 mg
Solution	Topical	0.4625 mg/1mL
Solution	Topical	0.5 mg/1g
Ointment		0.05 %
Lotion	Topical	50 mg
Cream	Topical	0.5 mg/g
Cream		0.05 % B/B
Ointment	Topical	0.05 % B/B
Solution	Topical	0.5 mg/g
Cream	Topical	25 gr
Cream	Topical	50 gr
Ointment	Topical	25 gr
Ointment	Topical	50 gr
Lotion	Topical	0.05 %
Solution	Topical	.05 %
Lotion	Topical	0.05 % w/w
Cream	Topical	0.05 g
Shampoo	Topical	500 MCG/G
Lotion	Topical	0.15 mg/1g
Cream	Topical	0.25 mg/1g
Cream	Intravenous	0.05 %
Ointment	Intravenous	0.05 %
Gel	Topical	0.05 %
Gel	Topical	0.05 g
Ointment		0.5 mg/g
Ointment	Topical	.05 %
Aerosol, foam	Topical	0.05 %
Aerosol, foam	Topical	0.05 % w/w
Emulsion	Topical	500 MCG/G
Cream	Cutaneous	0.0500 g
Cream		0.5 MG/G
Cream	Topical	0.05 %
Ointment	Topical	0.05 %
Lotion	Topical	25 ml
Ointment	Cutaneous
Cream		0.05 %
Solution	Cutaneous	5.000 g
Cream	Topical	0.05 % w/w
Shampoo	Topical	0.05 % w/w
Solution	Topical	0.05 %
Kit	Topical	0.5 mg/1g
Capsule	Oral	0.050 g
Cream	Cutaneous	0.050 g
Aerosol, foam; kit	Topical	0.5 mg/1g
Solution	Topical	0.05 g
Ointment		0.05 %w/w
Cream		0.05 %w/w
Lotion		0.05 %w/w
Ointment	Topical	0.05 %w/w

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Clobex 0.05% Lotion 118ml Bottle	513.56USD	bottle
Clobex Spray 0.05% Liquid 125ml Bottle	501.7USD	bottle
Olux 0.05% Foam 100 gm Can	443.77USD	can
Olux-E 0.05% Foam 100 gm Can	384.32USD	can
Olux Olux-E Complete Pack 0.05 & 0.05% Miscellaneous 110 gm Can	373.65USD	can
Clobex 0.05% Shampoo 118ml Bottle	365.67USD	bottle
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Foam 100 gm Can	326.37USD	can
Clobex 0.05% Lotion 59ml Bottle	280.8USD	bottle
Clobex Spray 0.05% Liquid 59ml Bottle	278.93USD	bottle
Olux 0.05% Foam 50 gm Can	239.07USD	can
Temovate 0.05% Cream 60 gm Tube	234.19USD	tube
Temovate 0.05% Gel 60 gm Tube	234.19USD	tube
Temovate E 0.05% Cream 60 gm Tube	234.19USD	tube
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Foam 50 gm Can	177.05USD	can
Temovate 0.05% Ointment 30 gm Tube	132.55USD	tube
Temovate 0.05% Solution 50ml Bottle	113.82USD	bottle
Temovate 0.05% Cream 45 gm Tube	95.43USD	tube
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Gel 60 gm Tube	93.82USD	tube
Temovate 0.05% Ointment 15 gm Tube	82.1USD	tube
Clobetasol 17-prop powder	70.74USD	g
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Cream 60 gm Tube	64.15USD	tube
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Ointment 60 gm Tube	64.15USD	tube
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Gel 30 gm Tube	51.66USD	tube
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Ointment 45 gm Tube	50.56USD	tube
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Cream 45 gm Tube	48.57USD	tube
Temovate 0.05% Gel 15 gm Tube	47.38USD	tube
Temovate E 0.05% Cream 15 gm Tube	44.9USD	tube
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Solution 50ml Bottle	41.18USD	bottle
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Cream 30 gm Tube	34.79USD	tube
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Ointment 30 gm Tube	34.79USD	tube
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Gel 15 gm Tube	28.86USD	tube
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Solution 25ml Bottle	26.99USD	bottle
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Cream 15 gm Tube	24.94USD	tube
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Ointment 15 gm Tube	24.1USD	tube
Olux 0.05% foam	6.77USD	g
Olux-e 0.05% foam	5.9USD	g
Clobex 0.05% topical lotion	4.58USD	ml
Temovate emollient 0.05% crm	3.75USD	g
Olux-olux-e complete pack	3.43USD	g
Temovate 0.05% cream	3.29USD	g
Cormax 0.05% cream	2.06USD	g
Embeline 0.05% cream	1.86USD	g
Clobetasol 0.05% cream	1.43USD	g
Dermovate 0.05 % Cream	0.72USD	g
Dermovate 0.05 % Ointment	0.72USD	g
Dermovate 0.05 % Lotion	0.63USD	g
Mylan-Clobetasol 0.05 % Cream	0.38USD	g
Mylan-Clobetasol 0.05 % Ointment	0.38USD	g
Novo-Clobetasol 0.05 % Cream	0.38USD	g
Novo-Clobetasol 0.05 % Ointment	0.38USD	g
Pms-Clobetasol 0.05 % Cream	0.38USD	g
Pms-Clobetasol 0.05 % Ointment	0.38USD	g
Ratio-Clobetasol 0.05 % Cream	0.38USD	g
Ratio-Clobetasol 0.05 % Ointment	0.38USD	g
Taro-Clobetasol 0.05 % Cream	0.38USD	g
Taro-Clobetasol 0.05 % Ointment	0.38USD	g
Mylan-Clobetasol 0.05 % Lotion	0.33USD	g
Pms-Clobetasol 0.05 % Lotion	0.33USD	g
Ratio-Clobetasol 0.05 % Lotion	0.33USD	g
Taro-Clobetasol 0.05 % Lotion	0.33USD	g

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
CA2333869	No	2009-01-06	2019-09-08
CA2333427	No	2007-01-09	2019-06-17
US6126920	No	2000-10-03	2016-03-01
US8460641	No	2013-06-11	2028-11-05
US8962000	No	2015-02-24	2025-08-31
US6730288	No	2004-05-04	2019-09-08
US7029659	No	2006-04-18	2019-09-08
US6106848	No	2000-08-22	2017-09-22
US7700081	No	2010-04-20	2022-01-03
US8066975	No	2011-11-29	2019-06-17
US7316810	No	2008-01-08	2019-06-17
US8066976	No	2011-11-29	2019-06-17
US5990100	No	1999-11-23	2018-03-24
US5972920	No	1999-10-26	2018-02-12
US9855334	No	2018-01-02	2035-03-11
US9956231	No	2018-05-01	2030-08-31
US10064875	No	2018-09-04	2030-08-31
US10588914	No	2020-03-17	2030-08-31
US11376262	No	2016-05-09	2036-05-09
US10588913	No	2016-05-09	2036-05-09

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	196	Health Canada Label
logP	3.50	SANGSTER (1994)

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.00413 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	3.49	ALOGPS
logP	4.18	Chemaxon
logS	-5	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	13.63	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3.4	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	0	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	80.67 Å²	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	5	Chemaxon
Refractivity	119.32 m³·mol^-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	48.27 Å³	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	4	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	No	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	+	1.0
Blood Brain Barrier	+	0.9814
Caco-2 permeable	+	0.812
P-glycoprotein substrate	Substrate	0.7852
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.7375
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.7683
Renal organic cation transporter	Non-inhibitor	0.7883
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8533
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.9077
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Substrate	0.7967
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Non-inhibitor	0.9412
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.8713
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.8327
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9126
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.5411
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.9129
Ames test	Non AMES toxic	0.8848
Carcinogenicity	Non-carcinogens	0.935
Biodegradation	Not ready biodegradable	1.0
Rat acute toxicity	2.1435 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.9314
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Non-inhibitor	0.5569

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-05fr-1920000000-defac8a82087405b74df
MS/MS Spectrum - , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0a6r-0596000000-b19d97ac39952d18b68e
MS/MS Spectrum - , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-03mj-3971000000-8f42562c23aaf5e5d240
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-00dl-0009400000-39c8cb579009148b9cee
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-00xr-9001600000-a135893581ff8107e2ff
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-066r-0138900000-ec7a81b8427148cb8950
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-00di-9002000000-5cefecb1bb52448e3eff
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-006x-9002100000-86119a7e2781201b6ca6
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-05u6-1957100000-5e97a76acec5362b3849
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable

Chromatographic Properties

Collision Cross Sections (CCS)

Adduct	CCS Value (Å²)	Source type	Source
[M-H]-	201.02147	predicted	DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+	202.91689	predicted	DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+	209.86478	predicted	DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

Build, predict & validate machine-learning models

Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.

Learn more

Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.

Learn more

Details1. Glucocorticoid receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Agonist

General Function: Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC) (PubMed:27120390, PubMed:37478846). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors (PubMed:28139699). Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Involved in chromatin remodeling (PubMed:9590696). Plays a role in rapid mRNA degradation by binding to the 5' UTR of target mRNAs and interacting with PNRC2 in a ligand-dependent manner which recruits the RNA helicase UPF1 and the mRNA-decapping enzyme DCP1A, leading to RNA decay (PubMed:25775514). Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth (By similarity)
Specific Function: core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
Gene Name: NR3C1
Uniprot ID: P04150
Uniprot Name: Glucocorticoid receptor
Molecular Weight: 85658.57 Da

References

Fitzgerald P, O'Brien SM, Scully P, Rijkers K, Scott LV, Dinan TG: Cutaneous glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in antidepressant-resistant depression. Psychol Med. 2006 Jan;36(1):37-43. Epub 2005 Oct 28. [Article]
Hofmann TG, Hehner SP, Bacher S, Droge W, Schmitz ML: Various glucocorticoids differ in their ability to induce gene expression, apoptosis and to repress NF-kappaB-dependent transcription. FEBS Lett. 1998 Dec 28;441(3):441-6. [Article]
Czock D, Keller F, Rasche FM, Haussler U: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of systemically administered glucocorticoids. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(1):61-98. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200544010-00003. [Article]

Details2. Annexin A1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inducer

General Function: Plays important roles in the innate immune response as effector of glucocorticoid-mediated responses and regulator of the inflammatory process. Has anti-inflammatory activity (PubMed:8425544). Plays a role in glucocorticoid-mediated down-regulation of the early phase of the inflammatory response (By similarity). Contributes to the adaptive immune response by enhancing signaling cascades that are triggered by T-cell activation, regulates differentiation and proliferation of activated T-cells (PubMed:17008549). Promotes the differentiation of T-cells into Th1 cells and negatively regulates differentiation into Th2 cells (PubMed:17008549). Has no effect on unstimulated T cells (PubMed:17008549). Negatively regulates hormone exocytosis via activation of the formyl peptide receptors and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton (PubMed:19625660). Has high affinity for Ca(2+) and can bind up to eight Ca(2+) ions (By similarity). Displays Ca(2+)-dependent binding to phospholipid membranes (PubMed:2532504, PubMed:8557678). Plays a role in the formation of phagocytic cups and phagosomes. Plays a role in phagocytosis by mediating the Ca(2+)-dependent interaction between phagosomes and the actin cytoskeleton (By similarity)
Specific Function: cadherin binding involved in cell-cell adhesion
Gene Name: ANXA1
Uniprot ID: P04083
Uniprot Name: Annexin A1
Molecular Weight: 38713.855 Da

References

Serres M, Viac J, Comera C, Schmitt D: Expression of annexin I in freshly isolated human epidermal cells and in cultured keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res. 1994;286(5):268-72. [Article]

Details3. Mineralocorticoid receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Agonist

General Function: Receptor for both mineralocorticoids (MC) such as aldosterone and glucocorticoids (GC) such as corticosterone or cortisol. Binds to mineralocorticoid response elements (MRE) and transactivates target genes. The effect of MC is to increase ion and water transport and thus raise extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure and lower potassium levels
Specific Function: DNA-binding transcription factor activity
Gene Name: NR3C2
Uniprot ID: P08235
Uniprot Name: Mineralocorticoid receptor
Molecular Weight: 107080.615 Da

References

FDA Approved Drug Products: Olux-E Clobetasol Propionate Topical Aerosol Foam [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Olux Clobetasol Propionate Topical Aerosol Foam [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Clobex Clobetasol Propionate Topical Lotion [Link]

Enzymes

Details1. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: No
Actions: Substrate
Inducer

General Function: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
Specific Function: 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
Gene Name: CYP3A4
Uniprot ID: P08684
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight: 57342.67 Da

References

Ahmad N, Mukhtar H: Cytochrome p450: a target for drug development for skin diseases. J Invest Dermatol. 2004 Sep;123(3):417-25. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.23307.x. [Article]
Usui T, Saitoh Y, Komada F: Induction of CYP3As in HepG2 cells by several drugs. Association between induction of CYP3A4 and expression of glucocorticoid receptor. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003 Apr;26(4):510-7. doi: 10.1248/bpb.26.510. [Article]
Pichard L, Fabre I, Daujat M, Domergue J, Joyeux H, Maurel P: Effect of corticosteroids on the expression of cytochromes P450 and on cyclosporin A oxidase activity in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Mol Pharmacol. 1992 Jun;41(6):1047-55. [Article]
Matoulkova P, Pavek P, Maly J, Vlcek J: Cytochrome P450 enzyme regulation by glucocorticoids and consequences in terms of drug interaction. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2014 Mar;10(3):425-35. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2014.878703. Epub 2014 Jan 23. [Article]
Olux monograph [File]

Details2. Cytochrome P450 3A5

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inducer

General Function: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones and vitamins (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:2732228). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of catechol estrogens from 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2 (PubMed:12865317). Catalyzes 6beta-hydroxylation of the steroid hormones testosterone, progesterone, and androstenedione (PubMed:2732228). Catalyzes the oxidative conversion of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes all trans-retinoic acid (atRA) to 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Also involved in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, including calcium channel blocking drug nifedipine and immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine (PubMed:2732228)
Specific Function: aromatase activity
Gene Name: CYP3A5
Uniprot ID: P20815
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 3A5
Molecular Weight: 57108.065 Da

References

Dvorak Z, Pavek P: Regulation of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes by glucocorticoids. Drug Metab Rev. 2010 Nov;42(4):621-35. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2010.484462. [Article]
Smith G, Ibbotson SH, Comrie MM, Dawe RS, Bryden A, Ferguson J, Wolf CR: Regulation of cutaneous drug-metabolizing enzymes and cytoprotective gene expression by topical drugs in human skin in vivo. Br J Dermatol. 2006 Aug;155(2):275-81. [Article]

Carriers

Details1. Corticosteroid-binding globulin

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Binder

General Function: Major transport protein for glucocorticoids and progestins in the blood of almost all vertebrate species
Specific Function: serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Gene Name: SERPINA6
Uniprot ID: P08185
Uniprot Name: Corticosteroid-binding globulin
Molecular Weight: 45140.49 Da

References

Gardill BR, Vogl MR, Lin HY, Hammond GL, Muller YA: Corticosteroid-binding globulin: structure-function implications from species differences. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52759. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052759. Epub 2012 Dec 26. [Article]
Schimmer B, Funder J (2018). 46. In Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. [ISBN:978-1-25-958473-2]

Details2. Albumin

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Binder

General Function: Binds water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs (Probable). Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood (Probable). Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc (PubMed:19021548). Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity). Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity). Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli (PubMed:6234017). Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin (PubMed:6234017)
Specific Function: antioxidant activity
Gene Name: ALB
Uniprot ID: P02768
Uniprot Name: Albumin
Molecular Weight: 69365.94 Da

References

Czock D, Keller F, Rasche FM, Haussler U: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of systemically administered glucocorticoids. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(1):61-98. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200544010-00003. [Article]
Schimmer B, Funder J (2018). 46. In Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. [ISBN:978-1-25-958473-2]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at October 11, 2024 18:19

Clobetasol propionate

Identification

Structure for Clobetasol propionate (DB01013)

Pharmacology

Interactions

Products

Categories

Chemical Identifiers

References

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package

Pharmacoeconomics

Properties

Spectra

Collision Cross Sections (CCS)

Targets

References

References

References

Enzymes

References

References

Carriers

References

References