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Identification
- Summary
Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible bacteria, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and skin infections.
- Brand Names
- Exblifep
- Generic Name
- Cefepime
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01413
- Background
Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic developed in 1994. Cefepime is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and has greater activity against both compared to third-generation antibiotics.1,4 Cefepime is normally used to treat severe nosocomial pneumonia and infections caused by multi-resistant microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and is also indicated for the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia.4 The popularity of its third-generation predecessors, its clinical efficacy, and the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria might be some of the factors leading to an increase in the use of cefepime. The activity of cefepime against Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus is due to its high stability toward beta-lactamases.4 In general, cefepime seems to be well tolerated; however, patients treated with this antibiotic, especially those with renal impairment, may develop neurotoxicity.4,5,6
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Cefepime (DB01413)
- Weight
- Average: 480.561
Monoisotopic: 480.124959288 - Chemical Formula
- C19H24N6O5S2
- Synonyms
- (6R,7R)-7-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino}-3-[(1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
- Cefepima
- Cefepime
- Cefepimum
- External IDs
- BMY 28142
- BMY-28142
Pharmacology
- Indication
Cefepime is indicated for the treatment of pneumonia caused by susceptible bacteria, and for empiric therapy for febrile neutropenic patients. Cefepime is also indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) including pyelonephritis, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, and complicated intra-abdominal infections (used in combination with metronidazole) in adults caused by susceptible bacteria.5,6
Cefepime is also used in combination with enmetazobactam to treat cUTI.8
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Bacterial infection •••••••••••• Treatment of Bacterial meningitis ••• ••••• Used in combination to treat Complicated intra-abdominal infections Regimen in combination with: Metronidazole (DB00916) •••••••••••• Used in combination to treat Complicated urinary tract infection Combination Product in combination with: Enmetazobactam (DB18716) •••••••••••• ••••• Treatment of Complicated urinary tract infections •••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.5,6 It is active against Gram-negative bacteria such as Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible isolates only), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Viridans group streptococci.5,6 Compared to third-generation cephalosporins, cefepime has an extended Gram-negative coverage. Whereas other cephalosporins are degraded by plasmid- and chromosome-mediated beta-lactamases, cefepime is stable and not significantly hydrolyzed by these enzymes.1,4 Cefepime is also a poor inducer of type 1 beta-lactamases and, therefore, a good alternative against bacteria resistant to third-generation cephalosporins.1
In animal models of infection, the time that the unbound plasma concentration of cefepime exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of infecting organisms has been shown to correlate with treatment efficacy.5,6 It has been suggested that cefepime can cross the inflamed blood-brain barrier.5,6 This, along with its ability to inhibit γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), could lead to the neurotoxic effects observed in some of the patients treated with cefepime.3,4
- Mechanism of action
Cefepime is a bactericidal cephalosporin with a mode of action similar to other beta-lactam antibiotics.5,6 Cefepime disrupts bacterial cell walls by binding and inhibiting transpeptidases known as penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are enzymes involved in the final stages of peptidoglycan layer synthesis. This results in the lysis and death of susceptible microorganisms.4 Cefepime has a broad spectrum of in vitro activity that includes both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.5,6 Cefepime has affinity for PBP-3 and PBP-1 in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as PBP-2 in E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae.4
Target Actions Organism APenicillin-binding protein 1A inhibitorEscherichia coli (strain K12) APenicillin-binding protein 1B inhibitorEscherichia coli (strain K12) APenicillin-binding protein 2 inhibitorEscherichia coli (strain K12) APeptidoglycan synthase FtsI inhibitorEscherichia coli (strain K12) APenicillin-binding protein 1B inhibitorPseudomonas aeruginosa ACell division protein inhibitorPseudomonas aeruginosa UPenicillin-binding protein 2 inhibitorPseudomonas aeruginosa - Absorption
Healthy adult male volunteers (n=9) given a single intravenous infusion of 500 mg, 1 g, and 2 g of cefepime had a corresponding Cmax of 39.1, 81.7 and 163.9 μg/mL, and a corresponding AUC of 70.8, 148.5 and 284.8 h⋅μg/mL.5,6 On the other hand, healthy adult male volunteers given a single intramuscular infusion of 500 mg, 1 g, and 2 g of cefepime had a corresponding Cmax of 13.9, 29.6 and 57.5 μg/mL, a corresponding AUC of 60, 137 and 262 h⋅μg/mL, and a corresponding Tmax of 1.4, 1.6 and 1.5 h.5
A study in healthy adult male volunteers (n=7) that received clinically relevant doses for 9 days suggests that cefepime is not accumulated in the body. Between 250 mg and 2 g, cefepime follows a linear pharmacokinetic model, and the absolute bioavailability of cefepime in pediatric patients (n=8) given an intramuscular dose of 50 mg/kg was 82.3%.5,6
- Volume of distribution
The average steady-state volume of distribution of cefepime is 18.0 L. In pediatric patients, the average steady-state volume of distribution is 0.3 L/kg.5,6
- Protein binding
The serum protein binding of cefepime is approximately 20%, independent of its concentration in serum.5,6
- Metabolism
Less than 1% of cefepime is metabolized in the liver.3 Cefepime is metabolized to N-methylpyrrolidine (NMP), which then undergoes rapid oxidation to form NMP-N-oxide, a more stable compound.5,6 NMP-N-oxide is the predominant metabolite of cefepime, while NMP and the 7-epimer of cefepime are minor byproducts.2 It has been suggested that flavin-containing mixed-function oxygenase mediates the oxidation of NMP to NMP-N-oxide.2
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
Cefepime is mainly eliminated by the kidneys, and most of it is excreted unchanged. Approximately 85% of cefepime administered to normal subjects is excreted unchanged in urine. Less than 1% of the administered dose is recovered from urine as N-methylpyrrolidine (NMP), 6.8% as NMP-N-oxide, and 2.5% as an epimer.5,6 Dosage adjustments are required in patients with renal dysfunction or those undergoing hemodialysis, due to the importance of renal excretion in eliminating cefepime.5,6
- Half-life
Healthy adult male volunteers (n=9) given cefepime had an average half-life of 2 hours. In patients requiring hemodialysis, the average half-life was 13.5 hours, and in patients requiring continuous peritoneal dialysis, the average half-life was 19 hours.5,6
- Clearance
Cefepime has a total body clearance of 120 mL/min in healthy volunteers, and in pediatric patients, the average total body clearance is 3.3 mL/min/kg.5,6 In geriatric patients (65 years of age and older) and patients with abnormal renal function, cefepime total body clearance decreases proportionally with creatinine clearance.5,6
- Adverse Effects
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Patients who receive a cefepime overdose should be carefully observed and given supportive treatment. In case of renal insufficiency, peritoneal dialysis should not be performed.5,6 Instead, hemodialysis is recommended to aid in the removal of cefepime from the body. Some of the symptoms of a cefepime overdose are encephalopathy (disturbance of consciousness including confusion, hallucinations, stupor, and coma), myoclonus, seizures, neuromuscular excitability and nonconvulsive status epilepticus.5,6 In vivo carcinogenicity studies for cefepime have not been performed. In chromosomal aberration studies, this antibiotic was positive for clastogenicity in primary human lymphocytes, but negative in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cefepime does not exhibit genotoxic effects in in vitro assays, and in vivo assessments of clastogenicity are negative. In rats given up to 1000 mg/kg/day (1.6 times the recommended maximum human dose), cefepime did not have negative effects on fertility.5,6
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbacavir Cefepime may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level. Abciximab The therapeutic efficacy of Abciximab can be decreased when used in combination with Cefepime. Aceclofenac The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Cefepime is combined with Aceclofenac. Acemetacin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Cefepime is combined with Acemetacin. Acenocoumarol The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Cefepime is combined with Acenocoumarol. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Cefepime hydrochloride I8X1O0607P 123171-59-5 LRAJHPGSGBRUJN-OMIVUECESA-N - International/Other Brands
- Axepim / Cepimax / Cepimex / Maxipime
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Cefepime Injection, solution 1 g/50mL Intravenous Baxter Healthcare Corporation 2008-08-05 Not applicable US 
Cefepime for Injection Powder, for solution 2 g / vial Intravenous Apotex Corporation 2009-03-19 Not applicable Canada 
Cefepime for Injection Powder, for solution 1 g / vial Intramuscular; Intravenous Apotex Corporation Not applicable Not applicable Canada Cefepime for Injection USP Powder, for solution 2 g / vial Intravenous Hikma Canada Limited 2021-07-09 Not applicable Canada Cefepime for Injection USP Powder, for solution 1 g / vial Intramuscular; Intravenous Hikma Canada Limited Not applicable Not applicable Canada - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Apo-cefepime Powder, for solution 1 g / vial Intramuscular; Intravenous Apotex Corporation 2018-05-14 Not applicable Canada Apo-cefepime Powder, for solution 2 g / vial Intravenous Apotex Corporation 2018-05-14 Not applicable Canada Cefepime Injection, powder, for solution 2 g/1 Intramuscular; Intravenous Apotex Corporation 2007-06-18 2019-01-31 US Cefepime Injection, powder, for solution 1 g/1 Intramuscular; Intravenous Hospira, Inc. 2020-08-24 Not applicable US Cefepime Injection, powder, for solution 2 g/1 Intravenous Apotex Corp. 2022-09-01 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Exblifep Cefepime hydrochloride (2 g) + Enmetazobactam (0.5 g) Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous Advanz Pharma Limited 2024-07-10 Not applicable EU 
Exblifep Cefepime hydrochloride (2 g/1) + Enmetazobactam (0.5 g/1) Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous Allecra Therapeutics SAS 2024-02-28 Not applicable US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image ROXIPIME 1 GR IM/IV ENJEKTABL TOZ ICEREN FLAKON, 1 ADET Cefepime (1 gr) Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous World Medicine Ilac San. Ve Tic. a.s. 2015-10-20 Not applicable Turkey 
Categories
- ATC Codes
- J01DE01 — Cefepime
- J01DE — Fourth-generation cephalosporins
- J01D — OTHER BETA-LACTAM ANTIBACTERIALS
- J01 — ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- J — ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 3'-quaternary ammonium cephalosporins. These are cephalosporins that are substituted at the 3'-position by a quaternary ammonium group.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Lactams
- Sub Class
- Beta lactams
- Direct Parent
- 3'-quaternary ammonium cephalosporins
- Alternative Parents
- N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives / 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles / 1,3-thiazines / 2-amino-1,3-thiazoles / N-alkylpyrrolidines / Heteroaromatic compounds / Tetraalkylammonium salts / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Carboxylic acid salts / Azetidines show 14 more
- Substituents
- 1,3-thiazol-2-amine / 2,4-disubstituted 1,3-thiazole / 3'-quaternary ammonium cephalosporin / Alpha-amino acid or derivatives / Amine / Amino acid / Amino acid or derivatives / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Azetidine show 30 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- cephalosporin, oxime O-ether (CHEBI:478164)
- Affected organisms
- Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 807PW4VQE3
- CAS number
- 88040-23-7
- InChI Key
- HVFLCNVBZFFHBT-ZKDACBOMSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C19H24N6O5S2/c1-25(5-3-4-6-25)7-10-8-31-17-13(16(27)24(17)14(10)18(28)29)22-15(26)12(23-30-2)11-9-32-19(20)21-11/h9,13,17H,3-8H2,1-2H3,(H3-,20,21,22,26,28,29)/b23-12-/t13-,17-/m1/s1
- IUPAC Name
- 1-{[(6R,7R)-7-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-2-carboxylato-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl}-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium
- SMILES
- CO\N=C(/C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N2[C@]1([H])SCC(C[N+]1(C)CCCC1)=C2C([O-])=O)C1=CSC(N)=N1
References
- Synthesis Reference
Kaplan, MA., et al. (1990). Cefepime cephalosporin salts (U.S. Patent No. 4,910,301). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/43/8a/fa/0010ba48b44ce5/US4910301.pdf
US20050043531- General References
- Chapman TM, Perry CM: Cefepime: a review of its use in the management of hospitalized patients with pneumonia. Am J Respir Med. 2003;2(1):75-107. [Article]
- Barbhaiya RH, Knupp CA, Forgue ST, Matzke GR, Halstenson CE, Opsahl JA, Pittman KA: Disposition of the cephalosporin cefepime in normal and renally impaired subjects. Drug Metab Dispos. 1991 Jan-Feb;19(1):68-73. [Article]
- Ortega AJ, Ghafouri SR, Vu L, Edwards B, Nickel N: Cefepime-Induced Encephalopathy in a High-Risk Patient With Renal Insufficiency and Cirrhosis. Cureus. 2021 Oct 14;13(10):e18767. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18767. eCollection 2021 Oct. [Article]
- Drago L, De Vecchi E: The safety of cefepime in the treatment of infection. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2008 Jul;7(4):377-87. doi: 10.1517/14740338.7.4.377. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: MAXIPIME (cefepime hydrochloride) injection for intravenous or intramuscular use [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Cefepime and dextrose injection, for intravenous use [Link]
- Hospira: Cefepime hydrochloride SDS [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: EXBLIFEP (cefepime and enmetazobactam) for injection, for intravenous use [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015483
- KEGG Drug
- D02376
- KEGG Compound
- C08111
- PubChem Compound
- 5479537
- PubChem Substance
- 46507919
- ChemSpider
- 4586395
- BindingDB
- 50350470
- 20481
- ChEBI
- 478164
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL186
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000455
- PharmGKB
- PA164754876
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Cefepime
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
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Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Antibioticos Ltd.
- Apotex Inc.
- APP Pharmaceuticals
- B. Braun Melsungen AG
- Baxter International Inc.
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
- Cardinal Health
- Elan Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- GC Hanford Manufacturing Co.
- Orchid Healthcare
- Patheon Inc.
- Sagent Pharmaceuticals
- Sandoz
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection Parenteral Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 0.5 g Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 1 g Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 2 g Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 100000 g Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 1 g/1 Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 500 mg/1 Injection Intravenous 2 g/1 Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 1 g/20mL Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 2 g/1 Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 1 g/1 Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 100 g/1 Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 2 g/20mL Powder Not applicable 1 g/1g Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 1 g Powder, for solution Intravenous 2 g / vial Injection, solution Intravenous 1 g/50mL Injection, solution Intravenous 2 g/50mL Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 1000 mg Injection, powder, for solution 1 G Injection, powder, for solution 2 G Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 1 g/vial Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 2 g Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 1000 MG Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 2000 mg Injection Intramuscular 0.5 g Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 1 G/3ML Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 2 G/10ML Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 500 MG/1.5ML Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 1000 MG/3ML Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 2000 MG/10ML Injection, powder, for solution 1000 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 0.5 gr Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 1 gr Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous Solution Parenteral 594.600 mg Injection Solution Parenteral 500.00 mg Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 1000 mg Solution Parenteral 1.000 g Injection, powder, for solution Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 1 g/1 Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 500 mg/1 Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 2 g/1 Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous Powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 1 g / vial Solution Intravenous Solution Intravenous 1.000 g Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 1 gr Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 2 g/vial Solution Parenteral 1.00 g Capsule Oral Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 0.5 g Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 1 g Injection Intravenous 1 G Injection Intravenous 500 MG Injection, powder, for solution 1.92 g Powder 500 mg/1vial - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Maxipime 2 gram vial 43.04USD vial Cefepime hcl 2 gram vial 40.36USD vial Maxipime 1 gm piggyback vial 23.24USD vial Maxipime 1 gram vial 21.7USD vial Cefepime hcl 1 gm vial 20.33USD vial Cefepime 2 gm injection 0.51USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US7687488 No 2007-12-03 2027-12-03 US US11124526 No 2014-11-07 2034-11-07 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 150ºC Prabhakar et al. Pharmacology in Clinical Neurosciences: A Quick Guide. 2020, Springer Nature. p 321. water solubility 0.017 g/L Prabhakar et al. Pharmacology in Clinical Neurosciences: A Quick Guide. 2020, Springer Nature. p 321. - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.0173 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -0.37 ALOGPS logP -4.2 Chemaxon logS -4.5 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 2.82 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 3.62 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 8 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 150.04 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 7 Chemaxon Refractivity 141.98 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 47.53 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 4 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule Yes Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.9819 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.9332 Caco-2 permeable - 0.6669 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.9066 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.7965 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.5353 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.7455 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8806 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8068 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.6023 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.7233 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.736 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8741 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.6986 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8378 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8854 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.6625 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9051 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.6571 Rat acute toxicity 2.3513 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9015 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.734
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS splash10-0002-9830400000-72d9a32f3c55f17bc49a Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 218.7508483 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 230.0128483 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 201.77565 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 219.3475483 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 229.4065483 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 203.67104 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 219.8435483 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 230.6748483 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 209.5151 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Serine-type d-ala-d-ala carboxypeptidase activity
- Specific Function
- Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan str...
- Gene Name
- mrcA
- Uniprot ID
- P02918
- Uniprot Name
- Penicillin-binding protein 1A
- Molecular Weight
- 93635.545 Da
References
- Pucci MJ, Boice-Sowek J, Kessler RE, Dougherty TJ: Comparison of cefepime, cefpirome, and cefaclidine binding affinities for penicillin-binding proteins in Escherichia coli K-12 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SC8329. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Nov;35(11):2312-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.35.11.2312. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Serine-type d-ala-d-ala carboxypeptidase activity
- Specific Function
- Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan str...
- Gene Name
- mrcB
- Uniprot ID
- P02919
- Uniprot Name
- Penicillin-binding protein 1B
- Molecular Weight
- 94291.875 Da
References
- Pucci MJ, Boice-Sowek J, Kessler RE, Dougherty TJ: Comparison of cefepime, cefpirome, and cefaclidine binding affinities for penicillin-binding proteins in Escherichia coli K-12 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SC8329. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Nov;35(11):2312-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.35.11.2312. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Serine-type d-ala-d-ala carboxypeptidase activity
- Specific Function
- Cell wall formation; PBP-2 is responsible for the determination of the rod shape of the cell. It synthesizes cross-linked peptidoglycan from lipid intermediates.
- Gene Name
- mrdA
- Uniprot ID
- P0AD65
- Uniprot Name
- Penicillin-binding protein 2
- Molecular Weight
- 70856.1 Da
References
- Grassi GG, Grassi C: Cefepime: overview of activity in vitro and in vivo. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1993 Nov;32 Suppl B:87-94. [Article]
- Pucci MJ, Boice-Sowek J, Kessler RE, Dougherty TJ: Comparison of cefepime, cefpirome, and cefaclidine binding affinities for penicillin-binding proteins in Escherichia coli K-12 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SC8329. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Nov;35(11):2312-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.35.11.2312. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase activity
- Specific Function
- Essential cell division protein that is required for the synthesis of peptidoglycan at the division septum (PubMed:1103132, PubMed:9614966). Catalyzes the synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan fr...
- Gene Name
- ftsI
- Uniprot ID
- P0AD68
- Uniprot Name
- Peptidoglycan synthase FtsI
- Molecular Weight
- 63876.925 Da
References
- Grassi GG, Grassi C: Cefepime: overview of activity in vitro and in vivo. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1993 Nov;32 Suppl B:87-94. [Article]
- Pucci MJ, Boice-Sowek J, Kessler RE, Dougherty TJ: Comparison of cefepime, cefpirome, and cefaclidine binding affinities for penicillin-binding proteins in Escherichia coli K-12 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SC8329. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Nov;35(11):2312-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.35.11.2312. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase activity
- Specific Function
- Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan str...
- Gene Name
- ponB
- Uniprot ID
- Q9X6W0
- Uniprot Name
- Penicillin-binding protein 1B
- Molecular Weight
- 85486.615 Da
References
- Pucci MJ, Boice-Sowek J, Kessler RE, Dougherty TJ: Comparison of cefepime, cefpirome, and cefaclidine binding affinities for penicillin-binding proteins in Escherichia coli K-12 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SC8329. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Nov;35(11):2312-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.35.11.2312. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- pbpB
- Uniprot ID
- Q51504
- Uniprot Name
- Cell division protein
- Molecular Weight
- 62855.78 Da
References
- Grassi GG, Grassi C: Cefepime: overview of activity in vitro and in vivo. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1993 Nov;32 Suppl B:87-94. [Article]
- Pucci MJ, Boice-Sowek J, Kessler RE, Dougherty TJ: Comparison of cefepime, cefpirome, and cefaclidine binding affinities for penicillin-binding proteins in Escherichia coli K-12 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SC8329. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Nov;35(11):2312-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.35.11.2312. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- Cefepime shows low affinity for PBP-2 of P. aeruginosa.
- General Function
- Penicillin binding
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- pbpA
- Uniprot ID
- Q9X6V3
- Uniprot Name
- Penicillin-binding protein 2
- Molecular Weight
- 72212.855 Da
References
- Grassi GG, Grassi C: Cefepime: overview of activity in vitro and in vivo. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1993 Nov;32 Suppl B:87-94. [Article]
- Pucci MJ, Boice-Sowek J, Kessler RE, Dougherty TJ: Comparison of cefepime, cefpirome, and cefaclidine binding affinities for penicillin-binding proteins in Escherichia coli K-12 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SC8329. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Nov;35(11):2312-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.35.11.2312. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine (PubMed:10454528, PubMed:10525100, PubMed:10966938, PubMed:17509700, PubMed:20722056, PubMed:33124720). Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 11.3 (PubMed:10454528, PubMed:10525100, PubMed:10966938). In intestinal epithelia, transports the quorum-sensing pentapeptide CSF (competence and sporulation factor) from Bacillus Subtilis wich induces cytoprotective heat shock proteins contributing to intestinal homeostasis (PubMed:18005709). May also contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable)
- Specific Function
- (r)-carnitine transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC22A5
- Uniprot ID
- O76082
- Uniprot Name
- Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2
- Molecular Weight
- 62751.08 Da
References
- Ganapathy ME, Huang W, Rajan DP, Carter AL, Sugawara M, Iseki K, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V: beta-lactam antibiotics as substrates for OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 21;275(3):1699-707. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- Cefepime has a low affinity for solute carrier family 15 member 1 (PEPT1, Ki>30 mM)
- General Function
- Electrogenic proton-coupled amino-acid transporter that transports oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides. Transports neutral and monovalently charged peptides with a proton to peptide stoichiometry of 1:1 or 2:1 (By similarity) (PubMed:15521010, PubMed:18367661, PubMed:19685173, PubMed:26320580, PubMed:7896779, PubMed:8914574, PubMed:9835627). Primarily responsible for the absorption of dietary di- and tripeptides from the small intestinal lumen (By similarity). Mediates transepithelial transport of muramyl and N-formylated bacterial dipeptides contributing to recognition of pathogenic bacteria by the mucosal immune system (PubMed:15521010, PubMed:9835627)
- Specific Function
- Dipeptide transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC15A1
- Uniprot ID
- P46059
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 15 member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 78805.265 Da
References
- Ganapathy ME, Huang W, Rajan DP, Carter AL, Sugawara M, Iseki K, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V: beta-lactam antibiotics as substrates for OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 21;275(3):1699-707. [Article]
- Luckner P, Brandsch M: Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005 Jan;59(1):17-24. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- Cefepime has a low affinity for solute carrier family 15 member 2 (PEPT2, Ki=11.4 mM)
- General Function
- Proton-coupled amino-acid transporter that transports oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides (PubMed:16434549, PubMed:18367661, PubMed:7756356). Transports neutral and anionic dipeptides with a proton to peptide stoichiometry of 2:1 or 3:1 (By similarity). In kidney, involved in the absorption of circulating di- and tripeptides from the glomerular filtrate (PubMed:7756356). Can also transport beta-lactam antibiotics, such as the aminocephalosporin cefadroxil, and other antiviral and anticancer drugs (PubMed:16434549). Transports the dipeptide-like aminopeptidase inhibitor bestatin (By similarity). Also able to transport carnosine (PubMed:31073693). Involved in innate immunity by promoting the detection of microbial pathogens by NOD-like receptors (NLRs) (By similarity). Mediates transport of bacterial peptidoglycans across the plasma membrane or, in macrophages, the phagosome membrane: catalyzes the transport of certain bacterial peptidoglycans, such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the NOD2 ligand (PubMed:20406817)
- Specific Function
- Dipeptide transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC15A2
- Uniprot ID
- Q16348
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 15 member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 81782.77 Da
References
- Ganapathy ME, Huang W, Rajan DP, Carter AL, Sugawara M, Iseki K, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V: beta-lactam antibiotics as substrates for OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 21;275(3):1699-707. [Article]
- Luckner P, Brandsch M: Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005 Jan;59(1):17-24. [Article]
Drug created at July 19, 2007 15:47 / Updated at September 15, 2024 01:12