Brentuximab vedotin
Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Overview
- Description
- A chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of lymphoma, a type of cancer that affects the cells of the immune system.
- Description
- A chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of lymphoma, a type of cancer that affects the cells of the immune system.
- DrugBank ID
- DB08870
- Type
- Biotech
- Clinical Trials
- Phase 0
- 1
- Phase 1
- 58
- Phase 2
- 131
- Phase 3
- 16
- Phase 4
- 3
- Mechanism of Action
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8BinderAntibodyRegulator
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8
Identification
- Summary
Brentuximab vedotin is a CD30-directed antibody-drug conjugate used to treat various types of lymphoma.
- Brand Names
- Adcetris
- Generic Name
- Brentuximab vedotin
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB08870
- Background
Brentuximab vedotin, also known as Adcetris®, is an antibody-drug conjugate that combines an anti-CD30 antibody with the drug monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). It is an anti-neoplastic agent used in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Brentuximab vedotin was initially approved in 2011. In January 2012, the drug label was revised with a boxed warning of a condition known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and death due to opportunistic JC virus infection post-treatment.5
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Adcetris in March 2018 to treat adult patients with previously untreated stage III or IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) in combination with chemotherapy.5
Adcetris has also been previously approved by the FDA to treat Hodgkin's lymphoma after relapse, Hodgkin's lymphoma after stem cell transplantation when a patient has a high risk of relapse or progression, systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) after the failure of other treatment regimens, and primary cutaneous ALCL after failure of other treatment regimens.5
Lymphoma is a malignancy that begins in the lymphatic system, which helps to combat infection and disease. Lymphoma may begin anywhere in the body and can spread to nearby lymph nodes. The two main types of lymphoma are Hodgkin lymphoma (also called Hodgkin disease) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Most individuals with Hodgkin's lymphoma have the classical type. In this type of lymphoma, large, abnormal lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) are found in the lymph nodes called Reed-Sternberg cells. With early diagnosis and intervention, patients with Hodgkin lymphoma normally experience long-term remission.5
The ECHELON-1 study results demonstrated superior efficacy of the drug combined with a chemotherapy regimen compared to the previous standard of care. Importantly, bleomycin - a highly toxic agent - was completely removed from the regimen. This demonstrates meaningful progress in treatment for patients affected by this disease.6
- Type
- Biotech
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Biologic Classification
- Protein Based Therapies
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) - Protein Structure
- Protein Chemical Formula
- C6476H9930N1690O2030S40
- Protein Average Weight
- 150500.0 Da (range 149200-151800)
- Sequences
- Not Available
- Synonyms
- Brentuximab
- Brentuximab vedotin
- Brentuximab vedotin brentuximab
- Brentuximab vedotina
- cAC10-vcMMAE
- Moab, chimeric, SGN-30, to CD30 antigen
- Monoclonal antibody SGN-30
- External IDs
- SGN 35
- SGN-35
Pharmacology
- Indication
Brentuximab vedotin is indicated in adult patients for the treatment of previously untreated stage III or IV classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) in combination with doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine. It is also indicated for the treatment of cHL post-autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in patients at high risk of relapse or progression. Finally, it may be used in the treatment of adult patients with cHL who have previously failed either auto-HSCT or at least two prior multi-agent chemotherapy regimens if they are not candidates for auto-HSCT.13
Brentuximab vedotin is additionally indicated in the treatment of previously untreated systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL), or other CD30-expressing peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL), in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone. It may also be used as monotherapy in sALCL after therapeutic failure of a least one prior multi-agent chemotherapy regimen.13
Brentuximab vedotin is also indicated in the treatment of primary cutaneous large anaplastic large cell lymphoma, or CD30-expressing mycosis fungoides, who have received prior systemic therapy.13
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Cd30-expressing mycosis fungoides (mf) •••••••••••• ••••• •••••••• ••••• •••••••• ••••••• ••••••••• Treatment of Classical hodgkin's lymphoma •••••••••••• ••••• ••••••••• Treatment of Classical hodgkin's lymphoma •••••••••••• ••••• •••••••••• ••• •••••••••• •••• •••• •••••••••• ••••••••• Adjunct therapy in treatment of Classical hodgkin's lymphoma •••••••••••• ••••• •••• •••• •• ••••••• •• ••••••••••• ••••••••• Used in combination to treat Peripheral t-cell lymphoma (ptcl) Regimen in combination with: Cyclophosphamide (DB00531), Prednisone (DB00635), Doxorubicin (DB00997) •••••••••••• ••••• •••••••••• ••••••••• ••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
- Pharmacodynamics
Brentuximab vedotin causes apoptosis of tumor cells by preventing cell cycle progression of the G2 to M phase through disruption of the cytosolic microtuble network, thus preventing tumor growth and proliferation.13
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is characterized by malignant Reed-Sternberg cells which express CD30, a marker of large cell lymphoma.4 Until March 2018, USA National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for patients with advanced HL (stage III/IV disease) recommend treatment with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD), or escalated bleomycin, etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPP) as first-line regimens.7
ABVD appears to be as effective, with fewer side effects, as escalated BEACOPP. Escalated BEACOPP leads to a greater progression-free survival but no difference in overall survival. Recent progress in technology has enabled a new shift to cancer therapy targeting specific molecules. Brentuximab vedotin, a CD30-directed antibody conjugate, selectively targets malignant HL cells.3
The effect of Brentuximab vedotin (1.8 mg/kg) on the QTc interval was studied in an open-label, single-group study in 46 patients diagnosed with CD30-expressing hematologic malignancies. Ingestion of brentuximab vedotin did not prolong the mean cardiac QTc interval >10 ms from baseline levels. Smaller increases in the mean QTc interval (<10 ms) cannot be ruled out because this study did not include a placebo arm and a positive control arm.13
- Mechanism of action
Brentuximab vedotin is composed of 3 parts: a chimeric human-murine IgG1 that selectively targets CD30, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), which is a microtubule-disrupting agent, and a protease-susceptible linker that links the antibody and MMAE. The IgG1 antibody enables Brentuximab vedotin to target tumor cells expressing CD30 on their surface. Following this Brentuximab vedotin enters the cell. Once inside, the linker is cleaved releasing MMAE which binds disrupts the microtubule network.13
The antibody component of this drug is a chimeric IgG1 directed against CD30. The small molecule, MMAE, is a microtubule-disrupting particle. MMAE is covalently attached to the antibody by a linker. Data suggest that the anticancer activity of Adcertris is due to the binding of the ADC to CD30-expressing cells, followed by internalization of the ADC-CD30 complex, and the subsequent release of MMAE by proteolytic cleavage. Binding of MMAE to tubulin disrupts the microtubule network within the cell, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptotis of the malignant cells Label.
Target Actions Organism ATumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8 binderantibodyregulatorHumans - Absorption
Steady-state of the ADC is achieved within 21 days with every 3-week dosing of Adcetris. Minimal to no accumulation of ADC is observed with multiple doses at the every 3-week schedule. The time to maximum concentration for MMAE ranges from approximately 1 to 3 days. Similar to the ADC, steady-state of MMAE is achieved within 21 days with every 3-week dosing of Adcetris. MMAE exposures decrease with continued administration of Adcetris with about 50% to 80% of the exposure of the first dose being observed at future doses. The AUC of MMAE was measured to be approximately 2.2-fold higher in patients with hepatic impairment in comparison with patients with normal hepatic function.13
- Volume of distribution
MMAE is unlikely to displace or to be displaced by highly protein-bound drugs. In vitro studies show that MMAE is a substrate of P-gp and was not a potent inhibitor of P-gp.13
- Protein binding
In vitro, the binding of MMAE to human plasma proteins is in the range of 68–82%.13
- Metabolism
Data in both animals and humans suggest that only a small fraction of MMAE released from brentuximab vedotin is metabolized. In vitro data indicate that the MMAE metabolism that occurs is primarily via oxidation by CYP3A4/5. In vitro studies using human liver microsomes indicate that MMAE inhibits CYP3A4/5 but not other CYP isoforms. MMAE did not induce any major CYP450 enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes.13
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
This drug appears follow metabolite kinetics, with the elimination of appearing to be limited by its rate of release from the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). An excretion study was done in patients receiving a dose of 1.8 mg/kg of Adcetris. About 24% of the total MMAE ingested as part of the ADC during an ADCETRIS infusion was recovered in both urine and feces over a 7-day time frame. Of the recovered MMAE, approximately 72% was found in the feces and the majority of the excreted MMAE was excreted as unchanged drug.13
- Half-life
The terminal half-life is approximately 4-6 days.13
- Clearance
The liver is the primary route of clearance for MMAE. The pharmacokinetics and safety of Brentuximab vedotin and MMAE were examined after the administration of 1.2 mg/kg of Adcetris to patients with mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment. In patients with moderate and severe hepatic impairment, the rate of ≥Grade 3 adverse reactions was 6/6 (100%) compared to 3/8 (38%) in patients with normal hepatic function.13 It is recommended to avoid use in patients with severe renal impairment (CrCl <30mL/min).9
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
The most severe toxic reaction seen in patients is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.13
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) follows infection by the JC virus (which is not related to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). Symptoms of this condition begin insidiously and usually worsen progressively. The symptoms vary depending on which region of the brain is infected. In about two out of three patients, mental function deteriorates rapidly, leading to dementia. Speaking and walking may become increasingly difficult. Vision may be impaired, and total blindness may occur. Rarely, headaches and seizures can occur, mainly in immunocompromised patients. The most serious sequela of this condition is death.10
Common adverse effects of Adcetris may include: neutropenia, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, nausea, fatigue, constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. In one trial, neutropenia occurred in 91 percent of patients treated with Adcetris plus chemotherapy, which was associated with a 19 percent rate of febrile neutropenia (neutropenia and fever).5 Preventive treatment with G-CSF, a growth factor for the bone marrow to produce white blood cells, is recommended with Adcetris plus chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of Stage III or IV cHL.5
Adcetris has a boxed warning that emphasizes the risk of John Cunningham virus infection leading to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, or PML, a rare but serious brain infection that may be lethal.
Serious risks of Adcetris include peripheral neuropathy; severe allergic (anaphylaxis) or infusion-site reactions; damage to the blood, lungs and liver (hematologic, pulmonary and hepato-toxicities); severe/opportunistic infections; metabolic abnormalities (tumor lysis syndrome); dermatologic reactions and gastrointestinal complications. Adcetris may cause harm to the fetus and newborn baby; women should be warned of the potential risk to the fetus and to use effective contraception, and to avoid breastfeeding while taking Adcetris.5
MMAE was found to be genotoxic in the rat bone marrow micronucleus study through an aneugenic mechanism. This effect is consistent with the pharmacological effect of MMAE as a microtubule-disrupting drug. Fertility studies with Brentuximab vedotin or MMAE have not been conducted. Despite this, results of repeat-dose toxicity studies in rats suggest the potential for Brentuximab vedotin to have a negative effect on male reproductive function and fertility. In a 4-week repeated-dose toxicity study in rats with weekly dosing at 0.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg brentuximab vedotin, seminiferous tubule degeneration, Sertoli cell vacuolation, reduced spermatogenesis, and aspermia were observed.5 Effects in animals were seen mostly at 5 and 10 mg/kg doses of brentuximab vedotin. These dosages are approximately 3 and 6-fold the human recommended dose of 1.8 mg/kg, respectively, based on individual body weight.13
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbametapir The serum concentration of Brentuximab vedotin can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Brentuximab vedotin can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abciximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Brentuximab vedotin. Abemaciclib The serum concentration of Abemaciclib can be increased when it is combined with Brentuximab vedotin. Abrocitinib The serum concentration of Brentuximab vedotin can be increased when it is combined with Abrocitinib. - Food Interactions
- Exercise caution with grapefruit products. Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism, which may increase the serum concentration of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), the antitumor component of brentuximab vedotin.
- Exercise caution with St. John's Wort. This herb induces CYP3A4 metabolism, which may reduce the serum concentration of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), the antitumor component of brentuximab vedotin.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Adcetris Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 50 mg/10.5mL Intravenous Seagen Inc. 2011-08-25 Not applicable US Adcetris Injection, powder, for solution 50 mg Intravenous Takeda Pharma A/S 2016-09-07 Not applicable EU Adcetris Powder, for solution 50 mg / vial Intravenous Seagen Inc. 2013-02-19 Not applicable Canada
Categories
- ATC Codes
- L01FX05 — Brentuximab vedotin
- Drug Categories
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Antibodies
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibody-drug Conjugates
- Antineoplastic Agents
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
- Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents
- Blood Proteins
- Cancer immunotherapy
- CD30-directed Antibody Interactions
- CD30-directed Immunoconjugate
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates with a Narrow Therapeutic Index
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Globulins
- Immunoconjugates
- Immunoglobulins
- Immunologic Factors
- Immunoproteins
- Immunosuppressive Agents
- Immunotherapy
- Immunotoxins
- Microtubule Inhibition
- Monoclonal antibodies and antibody drug conjugates
- Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs
- Noxae
- Oligopeptides
- P-glycoprotein substrates with a Narrow Therapeutic Index
- Peptides
- Proteins
- Serum Globulins
- Toxic Actions
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- Not Available
- Kingdom
- Organic Compounds
- Super Class
- Organic Acids
- Class
- Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
- Direct Parent
- Peptides
- Alternative Parents
- Not Available
- Substituents
- Not Available
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 7XL5ISS668
- CAS number
- 914088-09-8
References
- Synthesis Reference
Francisco JA, Cerveny CG, Meyer DL, Mixan BJ, Klussman K, Chace DF, Rejniak SX, Gordon KA, DeBlanc R, Toki BE, Law CL, Doronina SO, Siegall CB, Senter PD, Wahl AF: cAC10-vcMMAE, an anti-CD30-monomethyl auristatin E conjugate with potent and selective antitumor activity. Blood. 2003 Aug 15;102(4):1458-65. Epub 2003 Apr 24
- General References
- Francisco JA, Cerveny CG, Meyer DL, Mixan BJ, Klussman K, Chace DF, Rejniak SX, Gordon KA, DeBlanc R, Toki BE, Law CL, Doronina SO, Siegall CB, Senter PD, Wahl AF: cAC10-vcMMAE, an anti-CD30-monomethyl auristatin E conjugate with potent and selective antitumor activity. Blood. 2003 Aug 15;102(4):1458-65. Epub 2003 Apr 24. [Article]
- Eichenauer DA, Plutschow A, Kreissl S, Sokler M, Hellmuth JC, Meissner J, Mathas S, Topp MS, Behringer K, Klapper W, Kuhnert G, Dietlein M, Kobe C, Fuchs M, Diehl V, Engert A, Borchmann P: Incorporation of brentuximab vedotin into first-line treatment of advanced classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: final analysis of a phase 2 randomised trial by the German Hodgkin Study Group. Lancet Oncol. 2017 Dec;18(12):1680-1687. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30696-4. Epub 2017 Nov 10. [Article]
- Cao H, Yamamoto K, Yang LX, Weber R: Brentuximab vedotin: first-line agent for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma. Anticancer Res. 2013 Sep;33(9):3879-85. [Article]
- Horie R, Watanabe T: CD30: expression and function in health and disease. Semin Immunol. 1998 Dec;10(6):457-70. doi: 10.1006/smim.1998.0156. [Article]
- FDA expands approval of Adcetris for first-line treatment of Stage III or IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma in combination with chemotherapy [Link]
- Seattle Genetics Announces FDA Approval of ADCETRIS® (Brentuximab Vedotin) in Combination with Chemotherapy for Adults with Previously Untreated Stage III or IV Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Read more: http://www.digitaljournal.com/pr/3703005#ixzz5AKAaxmbe [Link]
- NCCN Flash UpdatesTM: NCCN Guidelines® and NCCN Compendium® Updated [Link]
- EMA label [Link]
- Cancer Care Ontario Formulary [Link]
- Merck Manuals, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy [Link]
- Seattle genetics Brentuximab Vedotin [Link]
- Brentuximab vedotin: clinical updates and practical guidance [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin) for intravenous injection [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Drug
- D09587
- PubChem Substance
- 347910376
- 1147320
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1742994
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Brentuximab_vedotin
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Active Not Recruiting Treatment Hodgkin's Lymphoma 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma / Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (PTCL) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Relapsed or Refractory CD30+ Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Untreated CD30-Positive Hodgkin's Lymphoma 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Treatment Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous; Parenteral 50 MG Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous 50 mg/10.5mL Powder, for solution Intravenous 50 mg / vial Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous 50 mg/1vial Injection, solution Intravenous 50 mg Powder Intravenous 50 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous drip 50 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 50 mg - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- BinderAntibodyRegulator
- General Function
- Receptor for TNFSF8/CD30L (PubMed:8391931). May play a role in the regulation of cellular growth and transformation of activated lymphoblasts. Regulates gene expression through activation of NF-kappa-B (PubMed:8999898)
- Specific Function
- protease binding
- Gene Name
- TNFRSF8
- Uniprot ID
- P28908
- Uniprot Name
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8
- Molecular Weight
- 63746.47 Da
References
- Francisco JA, Cerveny CG, Meyer DL, Mixan BJ, Klussman K, Chace DF, Rejniak SX, Gordon KA, DeBlanc R, Toki BE, Law CL, Doronina SO, Siegall CB, Senter PD, Wahl AF: cAC10-vcMMAE, an anti-CD30-monomethyl auristatin E conjugate with potent and selective antitumor activity. Blood. 2003 Aug 15;102(4):1458-65. Epub 2003 Apr 24. [Article]
- Kyriakidis I, Vasileiou E, Rossig C, Roilides E, Groll AH, Tragiannidis A: Invasive Fungal Diseases in Children with Hematological Malignancies Treated with Therapies That Target Cell Surface Antigens: Monoclonal Antibodies, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and CAR T-Cell Therapies. J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Mar 5;7(3). pii: jof7030186. doi: 10.3390/jof7030186. [Article]
- Seattle genetics Brentuximab Vedotin [Link]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
- Specific Function
- 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Cancer Care Ontario Formulary [Link]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Energy-dependent efflux transporter responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells (PubMed:12960149, PubMed:15205344, PubMed:15899824, PubMed:22306008). Specifically present in limbal stem cells, where it plays a key role in corneal development and repair (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
- Gene Name
- ABCB5
- Uniprot ID
- Q2M3G0
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 5
- Molecular Weight
- 138639.48 Da
References
- Brentuximab vedotin: clinical updates and practical guidance [Link]
Drug created at May 01, 2013 20:50 / Updated at January 03, 2024 23:22