Empagliflozin
Identification
- Summary
Empagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Brand Names
- Glyxambi, Jardiance, Synjardy, Trijardy
- Generic Name
- Empagliflozin
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB09038
- Background
Empagliflozin is an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2), the transporters primarily responsible for the reabsorption of glucose in the kidney.10 It is used clinically as an adjunct to diet and exercise, often in combination with other drug therapies,15,16,13 for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.18
The first known inhibitor of SGLTs, phlorizin, was isolated from the bark of apple trees in 1835 and researched extensively into the 20th century, but was ultimately deemed inappropriate for clinical use given its lack of specificity and significant gastrointestinal side effects.12 Attempts at overcoming these limitations first saw the development of O-glucoside analogs of phlorizin (e.g. remogliflozin etabonate), but these molecules proved relatively pharmacokinetically unstable. The development of C-glucoside phlorizin analogs remedied the issues observed in the previous generation, and led to the FDA approval of canagliflozin in 2013 and both dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in 2014.12 As the most recently approved of the "flozin" drugs, empagliflozin carries the highest selectivity for SGLT2 over SGLT1 (approximately 2700-fold). Empagliflozin was further approved by the EMA in March 2022 and Health Canada in April 2022, making it the first and only approved treatment in Europe and Canada for adults with symptomatic chronic heart failure regardless of ejection fraction.22,19
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 450.91
Monoisotopic: 450.1445309 - Chemical Formula
- C23H27ClO7
- Synonyms
- (1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-(4-chloro-3-{4-[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]benzyl}phenyl)-D-glucitol
- 1-chloro-4-(glucopyranos-1-yl)-2-(4-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)benzyl)benzene
- Empagliflozin
- Empagliflozina
- Empagliflozine
- Empagliflozinum
- External IDs
- BI 10773
- BI-10773
- BI10773
Pharmacology
- Indication
Empagliflozin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes, either alone or in combination with metformin or linagliptin.16,15,18 It is also indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in adult patients with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease, either alone or as a combination product with metformin.18,21
An extended-release combination product containing empagliflozin, metformin, and linagliptin was approved by the FDA in January 2020 for the improvement of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus when used adjunctively with diet and exercise.13
Empagliflozin is also approved to reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization due to heart failure in adult patients with heart failure, either alone or in combination with metformin.18,23 In Europe, empagliflozin is indicated in adults for the treatment of symptomatic chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.21
Empagliflozin is not approved for use in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
- Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Avoid life-threatening adverse drug eventsImprove clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.
- Pharmacodynamics
Empagliflozin lowers blood glucose levels by preventing glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, thereby increasing the amount of glucose excreted in the urine.18 It has a relatively long duration of action requiring only once-daily dosing. Patients should be monitored closely for signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis regardless of blood glucose level as empagliflozin may precipitate diabetic ketoacidosis in the absence of hyperglycemia.18 As its mechanism of action is contingent on the renal excretion of glucose, empagliflozin may be held in cases of acute kidney injury and/or discontinued in patients who develop chronic renal disease.
The overexcretion of glucose creates a sugar-rich urogenital environment which increases the risk of urogenital infections in both male and female patients - monitor closely for signs and symptoms of developing infection.18
- Mechanism of action
The vast majority of glucose filtered through the glomerulus is reabsorbed within the proximal tubule, primarily via SGLT2 (sodium-glucose linked co-transporter-2) which is responsible for ~90% of the total glucose reabsorption within the kidneys. Na+/K+-ATPase on the basolateral membrane of proximal tubular cells utilize ATP to actively pump Na+ ions into the interstitium surrounding the tubule, establishing a Na+ gradient within the tubular cell. SGLT2 on the apical membrane of these cells then utilize this gradient to facilitate secondary active co-transport of both Na+ and glucose out of the filtrate, thereby reabsorbing glucose back into the blood – inhibiting this co-transport, then, allows for a marked increase in glucosuria and decrease in blood glucose levels.10 Empagliflozin is a potent inhibitor of renal SGLT2 transporters located in the proximal tubules of the kidneys and works to lower blood glucose levels via an increase in glucosuria.18
Empagliflozin also appears to exert cardiovascular benefits - specifically in the prevention of heart failure - independent of its blood glucose-lowering effects, though the exact mechanism of this benefit is not precisely understood. Several theories have been posited, including the potential inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) 1 in the myocardium and NHE3 in the proximal tubule, reduction of pre-load via diuretic/natriuretic effects and reduction of blood pressure, prevention of cardiac fibrosis via suppression of pro-fibrotic markers, and reduction of pro-inflammatory adipokines.11
Target Actions Organism ASodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorHumans - Absorption
Following oral administration, peak plasma concentrations are reached in approximately 1.5 hours (Tmax). At steady-state, plasma AUC and Cmax were 1870 nmol·h/L and 259 nmol/L, respectively, following therapy with empagliflozin 10mg daily and 4740 nmol·h/L and 687 nmol/L, respectively, following therapy with empagliflozin 25mg daily.18 Administration with food does not significantly affect the absorption of empagliflozin.
- Volume of distribution
The estimated apparent steady-state volume of distribution is 73.8 L.18
- Protein binding
Empagliflozin is approximately 86.2% protein-bound in plasma.18
- Metabolism
Empagliflozin undergoes minimal metabolism. It is primarily metabolized via glucuronidation by 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases 2B7, 1A3, 1A8, and 1A9 to yield three glucuronide metabolites: 2-O-, 3-O-, and 6-O-glucuronide.18 No metabolite represented more than 10% of total drug-related material.
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
After oral administration of radiolabeled empagliflozin approximately 41.2% of the administered dose was found eliminated in feces and 54.4% eliminated in urine. The majority of radioactivity in the feces was due to unchanged parent drug while approximately half of the radioactivity in urine was due to unchanged parent drug.18
- Half-life
The apparent terminal elimination half-life was found to be 12.4 h based on population pharmacokinetic analysis.18
- Clearance
Apparent oral clearance was found to be 10.6 L/h based on a population pharmacokinetic analysis.18
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
Experience with empagliflozin overdose is limited - employ standard symptomatic and supportive measures, as well as gastric decontamination when appropriate. The use of hemodialysis in empagliflozin overdose has not been studied but is unlikely to be of benefit given the drug's relatively high protein-binding.18
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbaloparatide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abaloparatide is combined with Empagliflozin. Acarbose Empagliflozin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Acarbose. Acebutolol The therapeutic efficacy of Empagliflozin can be increased when used in combination with Acebutolol. Acetazolamide Empagliflozin may increase the diuretic activities of Acetazolamide. Acetohexamide Empagliflozin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Acetohexamide. Acetyl sulfisoxazole The therapeutic efficacy of Empagliflozin can be increased when used in combination with Acetyl sulfisoxazole. Acetylsalicylic acid The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Acetylsalicylic acid is combined with Empagliflozin. Albiglutide Empagliflozin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Albiglutide. Alclometasone The risk or severity of hyperglycemia can be increased when Alclometasone is combined with Empagliflozin. Aldesleukin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aldesleukin is combined with Empagliflozin. Identify potential medication risksEasily compare up to 40 drugs with our drug interaction checker.Get severity rating, description, and management advice.Learn more - Food Interactions
- Take with or without food. Co-administration with food slightly alters pharmacokinetics, but not to a clinically significant extent.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- Product Images
- Brand Name Prescription Products
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Glyxambi Empagliflozin (25 mg) + Linagliptin (5 mg) Tablet, film coated Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2020-12-16 Not applicable EU Glyxambi Empagliflozin (10 mg) + Linagliptin (5 mg) Tablet, film coated Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2020-12-16 Not applicable EU Glyxambi Empagliflozin (25 mg) + Linagliptin (5 mg) Tablet, film coated Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2020-12-16 Not applicable EU Glyxambi Empagliflozin (25 mg) + Linagliptin (5 mg) Tablet, film coated Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2020-12-16 Not applicable EU Glyxambi Empagliflozin (10 mg/1) + Linagliptin (5 mg/1) Tablet, film coated Oral REMEDYREPACK INC. 2019-04-29 Not applicable US Glyxambi Empagliflozin (10 mg/1) + Linagliptin (5 mg/1) Tablet, film coated Oral Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2015-01-30 Not applicable US Glyxambi Empagliflozin (10 mg) + Linagliptin (5 mg) Tablet Oral Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd Ltee 2016-12-21 2021-06-11 Canada Glyxambi Empagliflozin (10 mg) + Linagliptin (5 mg) Tablet, film coated Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2020-12-16 Not applicable EU Glyxambi Empagliflozin (10 mg) + Linagliptin (5 mg) Tablet, film coated Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2020-12-16 Not applicable EU Glyxambi Empagliflozin (25 mg) + Linagliptin (5 mg) Tablet, film coated Oral Boehringer Ingelheim 2020-12-16 Not applicable EU
Categories
- ATC Codes
- A10BD19 — Linagliptin and empagliflozin
- A10BD — Combinations of oral blood glucose lowering drugs
- A10B — BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING DRUGS, EXCL. INSULINS
- A10 — DRUGS USED IN DIABETES
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A10BD — Combinations of oral blood glucose lowering drugs
- A10B — BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING DRUGS, EXCL. INSULINS
- A10 — DRUGS USED IN DIABETES
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A10BK — Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors
- A10B — BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING DRUGS, EXCL. INSULINS
- A10 — DRUGS USED IN DIABETES
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- Drug Categories
- Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
- BCRP/ABCG2 Substrates
- Benzene Derivatives
- Blood Glucose Lowering Agents
- Diuretics
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
- Drugs Used in Diabetes
- Glycosides
- Hypotensive Agents
- OAT3/SLC22A8 Substrates
- OATP1B1/SLCO1B1 Substrates
- OATP1B3 substrates
- Oral Hypoglycemics
- P-glycoprotein substrates
- Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
- UGT1A3 substrates
- UGT1A9 Substrates
- UGT2B7 substrates
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenolic glycosides. These are organic compounds containing a phenolic structure attached to a glycosyl moiety. Some examples of phenolic structures include lignans, and flavonoids. Among the sugar units found in natural glycosides are D-glucose, L-Fructose, and L rhamnose.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic oxygen compounds
- Class
- Organooxygen compounds
- Sub Class
- Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
- Direct Parent
- Phenolic glycosides
- Alternative Parents
- Diphenylmethanes / C-glycosyl compounds / Phenoxy compounds / Phenol ethers / Alkyl aryl ethers / Chlorobenzenes / Aryl chlorides / Oxanes / Monosaccharides / Tetrahydrofurans show 7 more
- Substituents
- Alcohol / Alkyl aryl ether / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Aryl chloride / Aryl halide / Benzenoid / C-glycosyl compound / Chlorobenzene / Dialkyl ether / Diphenylmethane show 17 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- aromatic ether, monochlorobenzenes, C-glycosyl compound, tetrahydrofuryl ether (CHEBI:82720)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- HDC1R2M35U
- CAS number
- 864070-44-0
- InChI Key
- OBWASQILIWPZMG-QZMOQZSNSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C23H27ClO7/c24-18-6-3-14(23-22(28)21(27)20(26)19(11-25)31-23)10-15(18)9-13-1-4-16(5-2-13)30-17-7-8-29-12-17/h1-6,10,17,19-23,25-28H,7-9,11-12H2/t17-,19+,20+,21-,22+,23-/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[4-chloro-3-({4-[(3S)-oxolan-3-yloxy]phenyl}methyl)phenyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
- SMILES
- OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C(CC2=CC=C(O[C@H]3CCOC3)C=C2)=C1
References
- Synthesis Reference
Wang XJ, Zhang L, Byrne D, Nummy L, Weber D, Krishnamurthy D, Yee N, Senanayake CH: Efficient synthesis of Empagliflozin, an inhibitor of SGLT-2, utilizing an AlCl3-promoted silane reduction of a beta-glycopyranoside. Org Lett. 2014 Aug 15;16(16):4090-3.
- General References
- Scheen AJ: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Use of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2015 Jul;54(7):691-708. doi: 10.1007/s40262-015-0264-4. [Article]
- Gangadharan Komala M, Mather A: Empagliflozin for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2014 May;7(3):271-9. doi: 10.1586/17512433.2014.908703. Epub 2014 Apr 9. [Article]
- Lamos EM, Younk LM, Davis SN: Empagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2014 Jun;23(6):875-82. doi: 10.1517/13543784.2014.909407. Epub 2014 Apr 19. [Article]
- Liakos A, Karagiannis T, Athanasiadou E, Sarigianni M, Mainou M, Papatheodorou K, Bekiari E, Tsapas A: Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014 Oct;16(10):984-93. doi: 10.1111/dom.12307. Epub 2014 May 28. [Article]
- Haring HU, Merker L, Seewaldt-Becker E, Weimer M, Meinicke T, Broedl UC, Woerle HJ: Empagliflozin as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2014 Jun;37(6):1650-9. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2105. Epub 2014 Apr 10. [Article]
- Neumiller JJ: Empagliflozin: a new sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Drugs Context. 2014 Jun 11;3:212262. doi: 10.7573/dic.212262. eCollection 2014. [Article]
- Bogdanffy MS, Stachlewitz RF, van Tongeren S, Knight B, Sharp DE, Ku W, Hart SE, Blanchard K: Nonclinical safety of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin. Int J Toxicol. 2014 Nov-Dec;33(6):436-49. doi: 10.1177/1091581814551648. Epub 2014 Sep 26. [Article]
- Authors unspecified: Empagliflozin (Jardiance) for diabetes. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2014 Oct 13;56(1453):99-100. [Article]
- Jahagirdar V, Barnett AH: Empagliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014 Nov;15(16):2429-41. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2014.966078. [Article]
- Kalra S: Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors: A Review of Their Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Diabetes Ther. 2014 Dec;5(2):355-66. doi: 10.1007/s13300-014-0089-4. Epub 2014 Nov 26. [Article]
- Verma S, McMurray JJV: SGLT2 inhibitors and mechanisms of cardiovascular benefit: a state-of-the-art review. Diabetologia. 2018 Oct;61(10):2108-2117. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4670-7. Epub 2018 Aug 22. [Article]
- Choi CI: Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors from Natural Products: Discovery of Next-Generation Antihyperglycemic Agents. Molecules. 2016 Aug 27;21(9). pii: molecules21091136. doi: 10.3390/molecules21091136. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Trijardy XR (empagliflozin/linagliptin/metformin) extended-release tablets [Link]
- FDA Summary Review: Empagliflozin [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Glyxambi (empagliflozin/linagliptin) oral tablets [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Synjardy (empagliflozin/metformin) oral tablets [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Synjardy XR (empagliflozin/metformin) extended-release tablets [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Jardiance (empagliflozin) oral tablets [Link]
- Health Canada Product Monograph: Jardiance (empagliflozin) oral tablets [Link]
- CaymanChem: Empagliflozin MSDS [Link]
- EMA Summary of Product Characteristics: Jardiance (Empagliflozin) Oral Tablets [Link]
- BusinessWire News: Jardiance® (empagliflozin) becomes the first and only approved treatment in Europe for adults with symptomatic chronic heart failure regardless of ejection fraction [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Synjardy (empagliflozin/metformin) oral tablets (March 2023) [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Drug
- D10459
- PubChem Compound
- 11949646
- PubChem Substance
- 310264986
- ChemSpider
- 10123957
- BindingDB
- 150162
- 1545653
- ChEBI
- 82720
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL2107830
- ZINC
- ZINC000036520252
- PharmGKB
- PA166163327
- PDBe Ligand
- 7R3
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Empagliflozin
- PDB Entries
- 7vsi
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Basic Science Hepatic Glucose Metabolism 1 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Fatty Liver, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD 1 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2 4 Completed Basic Science Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 1 4 Completed Prevention Cardiovascular Risk / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 1 4 Completed Prevention Visceral Obesity 1 4 Completed Treatment (NAFLD) / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 1 4 Completed Treatment Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) 1 4 Completed Treatment Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Left Ventricular Hypertrophy 1 4 Completed Treatment Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) / Diabetes Mellitus / Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet, film coated Oral Tablet, film coated Oral 10.00 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 25.00 mg Tablet Oral 10 mg Tablet Oral 25 mg Tablet, film coated Oral Tablet, film coated Oral 10 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 25 mg/1 Tablet, coated Oral 10 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 10 mg Tablet, coated Oral 25 mg Tablet, delayed release Oral Tablet, film coated Oral 25.00 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 10.0 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 25 mg Tablet Oral Tablet, coated Oral Tablet, extended release Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region USWO201416191 No 2014-04-03 2034-04-03 US US7407955 No 2008-08-05 2023-08-12 US US6488962 No 2002-12-03 2020-06-20 US US6303661 No 2001-10-16 2017-04-24 US US6890898 No 2005-05-10 2019-02-02 US US7078381 No 2006-07-18 2019-02-02 US US7459428 No 2008-12-02 2019-02-02 US US8119648 No 2012-02-21 2023-08-12 US US8178541 No 2012-05-15 2023-08-12 US US8846695 No 2014-09-30 2030-06-04 US US9173859 No 2015-11-03 2027-05-04 US US8673927 No 2014-03-18 2027-05-04 US US8883805 No 2014-11-11 2025-11-26 US US9155705 No 2015-10-13 2030-05-21 US US8551957 No 2013-10-08 2029-10-19 US US7713938 No 2010-05-11 2027-04-15 US US7579449 No 2009-08-25 2025-11-05 US US9415016 No 2016-08-16 2029-04-02 US US9949998 No 2018-04-24 2034-06-11 US US9949997 No 2018-04-24 2034-05-17 US US10022379 No 2018-07-17 2029-04-02 US US10258637 No 2019-04-16 2034-04-03 US US10406172 No 2019-09-10 2030-06-15 US US10596120 No 2020-03-24 2032-03-07 US US10610489 No 2020-04-07 2030-09-30 US US11090323 No 2021-08-17 2034-04-03 US US11033552 No 2021-06-15 2027-05-04 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source water solubility 0.28 mg/mL Canadian monograph - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.111 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 1.79 ALOGPS logP 1.66 Chemaxon logS -3.6 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 12.57 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -3 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 7 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 4 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 108.61 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 6 Chemaxon Refractivity 113.79 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 46.12 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 4 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule Yes Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Targets

- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Low-affinity glucose:sodium symporter activity
- Specific Function
- Sodium-dependent glucose transporter. Has a Na(+) to glucose coupling ratio of 1:1.Efficient substrate transport in mammalian kidney is provided by the concerted action of a low affinity high capac...
- Gene Name
- SLC5A2
- Uniprot ID
- P31639
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2
- Molecular Weight
- 72895.995 Da
References
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Glucuronosyltransferase activity
- Specific Function
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.Its unique specificity for 3,4-catechol estrogens and estriol su...
- Gene Name
- UGT2B7
- Uniprot ID
- P16662
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7
- Molecular Weight
- 60694.12 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Jardiance (empagliflozin) oral tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Retinoic acid binding
- Specific Function
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Isoform 2 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative reg...
- Gene Name
- UGT1A3
- Uniprot ID
- P35503
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3
- Molecular Weight
- 60337.835 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Jardiance (empagliflozin) oral tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid binding
- Specific Function
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Isoform 2 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative reg...
- Gene Name
- UGT1A8
- Uniprot ID
- Q9HAW9
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8
- Molecular Weight
- 59741.035 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Jardiance (empagliflozin) oral tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Retinoic acid binding
- Specific Function
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols. Isoform 2 lacks trans...
- Gene Name
- UGT1A9
- Uniprot ID
- O60656
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9
- Molecular Weight
- 59940.495 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Jardiance (empagliflozin) oral tablets [Link]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Jardiance (empagliflozin) oral tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
- Gene Name
- ABCG2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UNQ0
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 72313.47 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Jardiance (empagliflozin) oral tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A8
- Uniprot ID
- Q8TCC7
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 8
- Molecular Weight
- 59855.585 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Jardiance (empagliflozin) oral tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostagland...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1B1
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y6L6
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
- Molecular Weight
- 76447.99 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Jardiance (empagliflozin) oral tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, taurocholate, triiodothyronine (T3), leukotriene C4, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), methotre...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1B3
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NPD5
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
- Molecular Weight
- 77402.175 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Jardiance (empagliflozin) oral tablets [Link]
Drug created at April 01, 2015 02:20 / Updated at March 24, 2023 20:20