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Identification
- Summary
Cabotegravir is an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor used for treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV-1 infection.
- Brand Names
- Apretude, Vocabria
- Generic Name
- Cabotegravir
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB11751
- Background
Cabotegravir, or GSK1265744, is an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor that is prescribed with the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, rilpivirine.4,6,7 Early research into cabotegravir showed it had lower oral bioavailability than dolutegravir,4 which resulted in the development of long acting monthly intramuscular injection formulation for cabotegravir.4,7
Cabotegravir was granted FDA approval on 21 January 2021 in combination with rilpivirine to treat HIV-1 infection in virologically suppressed individuals.8 While previously administered once monthly only, this combination product was granted FDA approval for dosing every two months on February 01, 2022 11 and without the need for an oral lead-in period prior.7
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Cabotegravir (DB11751)
- Weight
- Average: 405.358
Monoisotopic: 405.113626985 - Chemical Formula
- C19H17F2N3O5
- Synonyms
- Cabotegravir
- External IDs
- 744 LA
- GSK 1265744
- GSK 744
- GSK-1265744A
- GSK1265744
- GSK1265744A
- GSK744
- GSK744 LA
- GSK744 LAP
- S-265744
- S/GSK1265744
Pharmacology
- Indication
Oral cabotegravir is indicated in combination with rilpivirine for the short-term treatment of HIV-1 in virologically suppressed adults with no history of treatment failure to assess tolerability of cabotegravir or who have missed an injected dose of cabotegravir.6 Intramuscular extended-release cabotegravir in combination with rilpivirine is indicated as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older weighing at least 35 kg to replace the current antiretroviral regimen in those who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) on a stable antiretroviral regimen with no history of treatment failure and with no known or suspected resistance to either cabotegravir or rilpivirine.7
An extended-release injectable suspension formulation of cabotegravir is also indicated for the prevention of sexually-acquired HIV-1 infection (i.e. for pre-exposure prophylaxis, PrEP) in at-risk adults and adolescents weighing at least 35kg.10
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) Combination Product in combination with: Rilpivirine (DB08864) •••••••••••• ••••••••••• ••••• •• ••••••• •• ••••••••• •••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••• •• ••••• •• •• Used in combination to treat Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) Regimen in combination with: Rilpivirine (DB08864) •••••••••••• ••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••• •• ••••••• •• ••••••••• ••••••• •••••• Treatment of Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection •••••••••••• Prevention of Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection •••••••••••• ••••••••••• ••••• ••• •••• ••••••••• •••••• •• ••••• •• •• •••••••••• ••••••••••• •••••••• ••••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Cabotegravir is an inhibitor of HIV integrase, which reduces viral replication.6,7 It has a long duration of action as the oral tablet is given daily and the intramuscular suspension is given monthly.6,7 Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of hypersensitivity, hepatotoxicity, and depression.6,7
- Mechanism of action
Cabotegravir binds to the active site of HIV integrase, preventing strand transfer of the viral genome into the host genome, and preventing replication of the virus.6,7
Target Actions Organism AIntegrase inhibitorHuman immunodeficiency virus 1 AGag-Pol polyprotein inhibitor- Absorption
Oral cabotegravir has a Tmax of 3 hours, reaches a Cmax of 8.0 µg/mL, and has an AUC of 145 µg*h/mL.6 Intramuscular extended-release cabotegravir has a Tmax of 7 days, reaches a Cmax of 8.0 µg/mL, and has an AUC of 1591 µg*h/mL.7
- Volume of distribution
Data regarding the volume of distribution of cabotegravir is not readily available.3,7,9
- Protein binding
Cabotegravir is >99.8% bound to proteins in plasma, usually alubmin.5,6
- Metabolism
Cabotegravir is O-glucuronidated to the M1 and M2 metabolites, with 67% of glucuronidation performed by UGT1A1, and 33% by UGT1A9.1,2
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
An oral radiolabelled dose of cabotegravir is 58.5% recovered in the feces and 26.8% recovered in the urine.1,2,6
- Half-life
The mean half life of oral cabotegravir is 41 hours.6 The mean half life of intramuscular extended-release cabotegravir is 5.6-11.5 weeks.7
- Clearance
Data regarding the clearance of cabotegravir is not readily available.3,7,9 Clearance in dogs was 0.34 mL/min/kg and in cynomolgus monkeys was 0.32 mL/min/kg.4
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Data regarding the toxicity of cabotegravir is not readily available.6,7,9 In the event of overdose, patients should have their vital signs monitored, including an ECG to monitor the QT interval.6,7 Treat patients symptomatically and supportively.6,7 As cabotegravir is highly protein bound, dialysis is not expected to remove a significant amount of the drug from plasma.6,7
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAcamprosate The excretion of Acamprosate can be decreased when combined with Cabotegravir. Acyclovir The excretion of Acyclovir can be decreased when combined with Cabotegravir. Adefovir dipivoxil The excretion of Adefovir dipivoxil can be decreased when combined with Cabotegravir. Adenine The metabolism of Cabotegravir can be decreased when combined with Adenine. Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live The therapeutic efficacy of Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live can be decreased when used in combination with Cabotegravir. - Food Interactions
- Take at the same time every day. Take the oral tablets at the same time every day.
- Take with food. Take the oral tablets with a meal.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Cabotegravir sodium 3L12PT535M 1051375-13-3 AEZBWGMXBKPGFP-KIUAEZIZSA-M - International/Other Brands
- Vocabria (ViiV Healthcare)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Apretude Tablet 30 mg Oral Viiv Healthcare Bv 2024-06-19 Not applicable Canada 
Apretude Injection, suspension, extended release; Kit 200 mg/1mL Intramuscular ViiV Healthcare Company 2021-12-20 Not applicable US 
Apretude Tablet, film coated 30 mg Oral Vii V Healthcare Bv 2023-11-28 Not applicable EU 
Apretude Injection, suspension, extended release; Kit 200 mg/1mL Intramuscular ViiV Healthcare Company 2024-03-31 Not applicable US Apretude 600 mg Intramuscular Vii V Healthcare Bv 2023-11-28 Not applicable EU - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Cabenuva Cabotegravir (200 mg/1mL) + Rilpivirine (300 mg/1mL) Injection, suspension, extended release; Kit Intramuscular ViiV Healthcare Company 2021-01-21 Not applicable US Cabenuva Cabotegravir (200 mg / mL) + Rilpivirine (300 mg / mL) Kit; Suspension, extended release Intramuscular Viiv Healthcare Bv 2020-09-21 Not applicable Canada Cabenuva Cabotegravir (200 mg / mL) + Rilpivirine (300 mg / mL) Kit; Suspension, extended release Intramuscular Viiv Healthcare Bv 2020-09-21 Not applicable Canada Cabenuva Cabotegravir (200 mg/1mL) + Rilpivirine (300 mg/1mL) Injection, suspension, extended release; Kit Intramuscular ViiV Healthcare Company 2021-01-21 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- J05AJ04 — Cabotegravir
- Drug Categories
- Anti-HIV Agents
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Anti-Retroviral Agents
- Antiinfectives for Systemic Use
- Antiviral Agents
- Antivirals for Systemic Use
- BCRP/ABCG2 Substrates
- Direct Acting Antivirals
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- HIV Integrase Inhibitors
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor
- Integrase Inhibitors
- OAT1/SLC22A6 inhibitors
- OAT3/SLC22A8 Inhibitors
- Organic Anion Transporter 1 Inhibitors
- P-glycoprotein substrates
- Piperazines
- Pyridines
- UGT1A1 Substrates
- UGT1A9 Substrates
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing a pyridine ring bearing a carboxylic acid group or a derivative thereof.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Pyridines and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- 2-heteroaryl carboxamides / Fluorobenzenes / Hydroxypyridines / Aryl fluorides / Vinylogous amides / Vinylogous acids / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Oxazolidines / Lactams show 8 more
- Substituents
- 2-heteroaryl carboxamide / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aryl fluoride / Aryl halide / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Carboxamide group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Cyclic ketone / Fluorobenzene show 20 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- HMH0132Z1Q
- CAS number
- 1051375-10-0
- InChI Key
- WCWSTNLSLKSJPK-LKFCYVNXSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C19H17F2N3O5/c1-9-8-29-14-7-23-6-12(16(25)17(26)15(23)19(28)24(9)14)18(27)22-5-10-2-3-11(20)4-13(10)21/h2-4,6,9,14,26H,5,7-8H2,1H3,(H,22,27)/t9-,14+/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (3R,6S)-N-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-10-hydroxy-6-methyl-8,11-dioxo-4-oxa-1,7-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.0^{3,7}]trideca-9,12-diene-12-carboxamide
- SMILES
- [H][C@@]12CN3C=C(C(=O)NCC4=C(F)C=C(F)C=C4)C(=O)C(O)=C3C(=O)N1[C@@H](C)CO2
References
- General References
- Bowers GD, Culp A, Reese MJ, Tabolt G, Moss L, Piscitelli S, Huynh P, Wagner D, Ford SL, Gould EP, Pan R, Lou Y, Margolis DA, Spreen WR: Disposition and metabolism of cabotegravir: a comparison of biotransformation and excretion between different species and routes of administration in humans. Xenobiotica. 2016;46(2):147-62. doi: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1060372. Epub 2015 Jul 1. [Article]
- Patel M, Eberl HC, Wolf A, Pierre E, Polli JW, Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ: Mechanistic Basis of Cabotegravir-Glucuronide Disposition in Humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2019 Aug;370(2):269-277. doi: 10.1124/jpet.119.258384. Epub 2019 Jun 7. [Article]
- Spreen W, Min S, Ford SL, Chen S, Lou Y, Bomar M, St Clair M, Piscitelli S, Fujiwara T: Pharmacokinetics, safety, and monotherapy antiviral activity of GSK1265744, an HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor. HIV Clin Trials. 2013 Sep-Oct;14(5):192-203. doi: 10.1310/hct1405-192. [Article]
- Johns BA, Kawasuji T, Weatherhead JG, Taishi T, Temelkoff DP, Yoshida H, Akiyama T, Taoda Y, Murai H, Kiyama R, Fuji M, Tanimoto N, Jeffrey J, Foster SA, Yoshinaga T, Seki T, Kobayashi M, Sato A, Johnson MN, Garvey EP, Fujiwara T: Carbamoyl pyridone HIV-1 integrase inhibitors 3. A diastereomeric approach to chiral nonracemic tricyclic ring systems and the discovery of dolutegravir (S/GSK1349572) and (S/GSK1265744). J Med Chem. 2013 Jul 25;56(14):5901-16. doi: 10.1021/jm400645w. Epub 2013 Jul 11. [Article]
- Shaik JSB, Ford SL, Lou Y, Zhang Z, Bakshi KK, Tenorio AR, Trezza C, Spreen WR, Patel P: A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Cabotegravir in Patients With Hepatic Impairment and Healthy Matched Controls. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2019 Jul;8(5):664-673. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.655. Epub 2019 Feb 27. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Vocabria (Cabotegravir) Oral Tablets [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Cabenuva (Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine) Intramuscular Extended-Release Suspension [Link]
- FDA News Release: FDA Approves First Extended-Release, Injectable Drug Regimen for Adults Living with HIV [Link]
- Cayman Chemical: Cabotegravir MSDS [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Apretude (cabotegravir) extended-release suspension for intramuscular injection [Link]
- BioSpace News: ViiV Healthcare Announces US FDA Approval of Cabenuva (cabotegravir, rilpivirine) for Use Every Two Months, Expanding the Label of the First and Only Complete Long-Acting HIV Treatment [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: APRETUDE (cabotegravir extended-release injectable suspension), for intramuscular use (Jan 2024) [Link]
- External Links
- PubChem Compound
- 54713659
- PubChem Substance
- 347828108
- ChemSpider
- 30829503
- BindingDB
- 50492496
- 2475077
- ChEBI
- 172944
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL2403238
- ZINC
- ZINC000096927633
- Wikipedia
- Cabotegravir
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Active Not Recruiting Not Available Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Available Not Available Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Enrolling by Invitation Not Available Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Not Yet Recruiting Not Available Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections 2 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Not Yet Recruiting Not Available Quality of Life (QOL) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, suspension, extended release; kit Intramuscular 200 mg/1mL Suspension, extended release Intramuscular 200 mg / mL Suspension Intramuscular 600 mg Injection, suspension, extended release; kit Intramuscular Kit; suspension, extended release Intramuscular Injection Intramuscular 400 mg Injection Intramuscular 600 mg Injection, suspension Intramuscular 400 MG Injection, suspension Intramuscular 600 MG Suspension Intramuscular 600.000 mg Tablet Oral 30 mg Tablet Oral 31.620 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 30 MG Tablet, film coated Oral 30 mg/1 Injection 400 mg/2ml Injection 600 mg/3ml - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US7125879 Yes 2006-10-24 2025-10-21 US US6838464 No 2005-01-04 2021-02-26 US US8080551 No 2011-12-20 2023-04-11 US US8410103 No 2013-04-02 2026-04-28 US US10927129 No 2021-02-23 2026-04-28 US US11224597 No 2011-09-15 2031-09-15 US US11389447 No 2007-06-30 2027-06-30 US
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source logP 1.04 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Acidic) 10.04 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -0.7 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 6 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 99.18 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 3 Chemaxon Refractivity 97.9 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 38.11 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 4 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 191.01923 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M-H]- 191.01923 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M-H]- 191.01923 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 193.37724 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 193.37724 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 193.37724 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 199.50215 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 199.50215 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 199.50215 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human immunodeficiency virus 1
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- DNA binding
- Gene Name
- pol
- Uniprot ID
- Q7ZJM1
- Uniprot Name
- Integrase
- Molecular Weight
- 32226.645 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Vocabria (Cabotegravir) Oral Tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Not Available
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Gag-Pol polyprotein Mediates, with Gag polyprotein, the essential events in virion assembly, including binding the plasma membrane, making the protein-protein interactions necessary to create spherical particles, recruiting the viral Env proteins, and packaging the genomic RNA via direct interactions with the RNA packaging sequence (Psi). Gag-Pol polyprotein may regulate its own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, the polyprotein would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyprotein would encapsidate genomic RNA and then shut off translation.
- Specific Function
- aspartic-type endopeptidase activity
- Gene Name
- gag-pol
- Uniprot ID
- P03366
- Uniprot Name
- Gag-Pol polyprotein
- Molecular Weight
- 163287.51 Da
References
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) that catalyzes phase II biotransformation reactions in which lipophilic substrates are conjugated with glucuronic acid to increase the metabolite's water solubility, thereby facilitating excretion into either the urine or bile (PubMed:12181437, PubMed:15472229, PubMed:18004206, PubMed:18004212, PubMed:18719240, PubMed:19830808, PubMed:23288867). Essential for the elimination and detoxification of drugs, xenobiotics and endogenous compounds (PubMed:12181437, PubMed:18004206, PubMed:18004212). Catalyzes the glucuronidation of endogenous estrogen hormones such as estradiol, estrone and estriol (PubMed:15472229, PubMed:18719240, PubMed:23288867). Involved in the glucuronidation of bilirubin, a degradation product occurring in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates (PubMed:17187418, PubMed:18004206, PubMed:19830808, PubMed:24525562). Also catalyzes the glucuronidation the isoflavones genistein, daidzein, glycitein, formononetin, biochanin A and prunetin, which are phytoestrogens with anticancer and cardiovascular properties (PubMed:18052087, PubMed:19545173). Involved in the glucuronidation of the AGTR1 angiotensin receptor antagonist losartan, a drug which can inhibit the effect of angiotensin II (PubMed:18674515). Involved in the biotransformation of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), the pharmacologically active metabolite of the anticancer drug irinotecan (PubMed:12181437, PubMed:18004212, PubMed:20610558)
- Specific Function
- enzyme binding
- Gene Name
- UGT1A1
- Uniprot ID
- P22309
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1
- Molecular Weight
- 59590.91 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Vocabria (Cabotegravir) Oral Tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) that catalyzes phase II biotransformation reactions in which lipophilic substrates are conjugated with glucuronic acid to increase the metabolite's water solubility, thereby facilitating excretion into either the urine or bile (PubMed:12181437, PubMed:15470161, PubMed:15472229, PubMed:18004212, PubMed:18052087, PubMed:18674515, PubMed:19545173). Essential for the elimination and detoxification of drugs, xenobiotics and endogenous compounds (PubMed:12181437, PubMed:18004212). Catalyzes the glucuronidation of endogenous estrogen hormones such as estradiol and estrone (PubMed:15472229). Also catalyzes the glucuronidation of the isoflavones genistein, daidzein, glycitein, formononetin, biochanin A and prunetin, which are phytoestrogens with anticancer and cardiovascular properties (PubMed:18052087, PubMed:19545173). Involved in the glucuronidation of the AGTR1 angiotensin receptor antagonist caderastan, a drug which can inhibit the effect of angiotensin II (PubMed:18674515). Involved in the biotransformation of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), the pharmacologically active metabolite of the anticancer drug irinotecan (PubMed:12181437, PubMed:20610558). Also metabolizes mycophenolate, an immunosuppressive agent (PubMed:15470161, PubMed:18004212)
- Specific Function
- enzyme binding
- Gene Name
- UGT1A9
- Uniprot ID
- O60656
- Uniprot Name
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9
- Molecular Weight
- 59940.495 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Vocabria (Cabotegravir) Oral Tablets [Link]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Binds water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs (Probable). Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood (Probable). Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc (PubMed:19021548). Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity). Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity). Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli (PubMed:6234017). Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin (PubMed:6234017)
- Specific Function
- antioxidant activity
- Gene Name
- ALB
- Uniprot ID
- P02768
- Uniprot Name
- Albumin
- Molecular Weight
- 69365.94 Da
References
- Shaik JSB, Ford SL, Lou Y, Zhang Z, Bakshi KK, Tenorio AR, Trezza C, Spreen WR, Patel P: A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Cabotegravir in Patients With Hepatic Impairment and Healthy Matched Controls. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2019 Jul;8(5):664-673. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.655. Epub 2019 Feb 27. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Secondary active transporter that functions as a Na(+)-independent organic anion (OA)/dicarboxylate antiporter where the uptake of one molecule of OA into the cell is coupled with an efflux of one molecule of intracellular dicarboxylate such as 2-oxoglutarate or glutarate (PubMed:11669456, PubMed:11907186, PubMed:14675047, PubMed:22108572, PubMed:23832370, PubMed:28534121, PubMed:9950961). Mediates the uptake of OA across the basolateral side of proximal tubule epithelial cells, thereby contributing to the renal elimination of endogenous OA from the systemic circulation into the urine (PubMed:9887087). Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins (PubMed:28534121). Transports prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) and may contribute to their renal excretion (PubMed:11907186). Also mediates the uptake of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP and cGMP (PubMed:26377792). Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate (KYNA) and xanthurenate (XA) and may contribute to their secretion from the brain (PubMed:22108572, PubMed:23832370). May transport glutamate (PubMed:26377792). Also involved in the disposition of uremic toxins and potentially toxic xenobiotics by the renal organic anion secretory pathway, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body (PubMed:11669456, PubMed:14675047). Uremic toxins include the indoxyl sulfate (IS), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA), indole acetate (IA), 3-carboxy-4- methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF) and urate (PubMed:14675047, PubMed:26377792). Xenobiotics include the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA) (PubMed:11669456). May also contribute to the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (PubMed:35307651)
- Specific Function
- alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC22A6
- Uniprot ID
- Q4U2R8
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 6
- Molecular Weight
- 61815.78 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Functions as an organic anion/dicarboxylate exchanger that couples organic anion uptake indirectly to the sodium gradient (PubMed:14586168, PubMed:15644426, PubMed:15846473, PubMed:16455804, PubMed:31553721). Transports organic anions such as estrone 3-sulfate (E1S) and urate in exchange for dicarboxylates such as glutarate or ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate) (PubMed:14586168, PubMed:15846473, PubMed:15864504, PubMed:22108572, PubMed:23832370). Plays an important role in the excretion of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the kidney and the brain (PubMed:11306713, PubMed:14586168, PubMed:15846473). E1S transport is pH- and chloride-dependent and may also involve E1S/cGMP exchange (PubMed:26377792). Responsible for the transport of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2(alpha) (PGF2(alpha)) in the basolateral side of the renal tubule (PubMed:11907186). Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate and xanthurenate (PubMed:22108572, PubMed:23832370). Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins (PubMed:28534121). May be involved in the basolateral transport of steviol, a metabolite of the popular sugar substitute stevioside (PubMed:15644426). May participate in the detoxification/ renal excretion of drugs and xenobiotics, such as the histamine H(2)-receptor antagonists fexofenadine and cimetidine, the antibiotic benzylpenicillin (PCG), the anionic herbicide 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), the diagnostic agent p-aminohippurate (PAH), the antiviral acyclovir (ACV), and the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA), by transporting these exogenous organic anions across the cell membrane in exchange for dicarboxylates such as 2-oxoglutarate (PubMed:11669456, PubMed:15846473, PubMed:16455804). Contributes to the renal uptake of potent uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate (IS), indole acetate (IA), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA) and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF)), pravastatin, PCG, E1S and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and is partly involved in the renal uptake of temocaprilat (an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) (PubMed:14675047). May contribute to the release of cortisol in the adrenals (PubMed:15864504). Involved in one of the detoxification systems on the choroid plexus (CP), removes substrates such as E1S or taurocholate (TC), PCG, 2,4-D and PAH, from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the blood for eventual excretion in urine and bile (By similarity). Also contributes to the uptake of several other organic compounds such as the prostanoids prostaglandin E(2) and prostaglandin F(2-alpha), L-carnitine, and the therapeutic drugs allopurinol, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (By similarity). Mediates the transport of PAH, PCG, and the statins pravastatin and pitavastatin, from the cerebrum into the blood circulation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In summary, plays a role in the efflux of drugs and xenobiotics, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC22A8
- Uniprot ID
- Q8TCC7
- Uniprot Name
- Organic anion transporter 3
- Molecular Weight
- 59855.585 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:8898203, PubMed:9038218). Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins (PubMed:8898203). Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:9038218)
- Specific Function
- ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Vocabria (Cabotegravir) Oral Tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Broad substrate specificity ATP-dependent transporter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family that actively extrudes a wide variety of physiological compounds, dietary toxins and xenobiotics from cells (PubMed:11306452, PubMed:12958161, PubMed:19506252, PubMed:20705604, PubMed:28554189, PubMed:30405239, PubMed:31003562). Involved in porphyrin homeostasis, mediating the export of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) from both mitochondria to cytosol and cytosol to extracellular space, it also functions in the cellular export of heme (PubMed:20705604, PubMed:23189181). Also mediates the efflux of sphingosine-1-P from cells (PubMed:20110355). Acts as a urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion (PubMed:19506252, PubMed:20368174, PubMed:22132962, PubMed:31003562, PubMed:36749388). In kidney, it also functions as a physiological exporter of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (By similarity). Also involved in the excretion of steroids like estrone 3-sulfate/E1S, 3beta-sulfooxy-androst-5-en-17-one/DHEAS, and other sulfate conjugates (PubMed:12682043, PubMed:28554189, PubMed:30405239). Mediates the secretion of the riboflavin and biotin vitamins into milk (By similarity). Extrudes pheophorbide a, a phototoxic porphyrin catabolite of chlorophyll, reducing its bioavailability (By similarity). Plays an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain (Probable). It confers to cells a resistance to multiple drugs and other xenobiotics including mitoxantrone, pheophorbide, camptothecin, methotrexate, azidothymidine, and the anthracyclines daunorubicin and doxorubicin, through the control of their efflux (PubMed:11306452, PubMed:12477054, PubMed:15670731, PubMed:18056989, PubMed:31254042). In placenta, it limits the penetration of drugs from the maternal plasma into the fetus (By similarity). May play a role in early stem cell self-renewal by blocking differentiation (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
- Gene Name
- ABCG2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UNQ0
- Uniprot Name
- Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2
- Molecular Weight
- 72313.47 Da
References
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Vocabria (Cabotegravir) Oral Tablets [Link]
Drug created at October 20, 2016 20:45 / Updated at August 26, 2024 19:23