Dolutegravir

Identification

Summary

Dolutegravir is an antiviral agent used for the treatment of HIV-1 infections in combination with other antiretroviral agents.

Brand Names
Dovato, Juluca, Tivicay, Triumeq
Generic Name
Dolutegravir
DrugBank Accession Number
DB08930
Background

Dolutegravir is an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor that blocks the strand transfer step of the integration of the viral genome into the host cell (INSTI).1 The effect of this drug has no homology in human host cells, which gives it excellent tolerability and minimal toxicity.11 Dolutegravir was developed by ViiV Healthcare and FDA-approved on August 12, 2013.16 On November 21, 2017, dolutegravir, in combination with rilpivirine, was approved as part of the first complete treatment regimen with only two drugs for the treatment of adults with HIV-1 named Juluca.17

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 419.3788
Monoisotopic: 419.129277143
Chemical Formula
C20H19F2N3O5
Synonyms
  • Dolutegravir
External IDs
  • GSK572
  • S-349572
  • S/GSK1349572

Pharmacology

Indication

Dolutegravir is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of patients with HIV-1 infection that comply with the characteristics of being adults or children aged 12 years and older and present at least a weight of 40 kg.7 The FDA combination therapy approval of dolutegravir and rilpivirine is indicated for adults with HIV-1 infections whose virus is currently suppressed (< 50 copies/ml) on a stable regimen for at least six months, without history of treatment failure and no known substitutions associated to resistance to any of the two components of the therapy.17

Dolutegravir is also available in combination with lamivudine and abacavir for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with HIV-1 who weigh ≥10kg.19

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Adjunct therapy in treatment ofHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••• •••••••• •• ••••• • ••• ••••••••• •••••• •••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• ••• ••••••••••
Adjunct therapy in treatment ofHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••• •• ••••• • ••• ••••••••• •••••••••••• ••••••• ••• ••••••••••
Adjunct therapy in treatment ofHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection•••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••• ••••••• ••• ••••••••••
Adjunct therapy in treatment ofHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection•••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••• ••••••• ••• ••••••••••
Used in combination to treatHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infectionRegimen in combination with: Rilpivirine (DB08864)••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• •• ••••••••• •••••••• •••••• •••••••••••••• •••••••• ••••••••••••• •••••••••• •••••• ••• •••• •••• •• •••••• ••• •••••••••• ••••••• ••• ••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

HIV-1 infected subjects on dolutegravir monotherapy demonstrated rapid and dose-dependent reduction of antiviral activity with declines of HIV-1 RNA copies per ml. The antiviral response was maintained for 3 to 4 days after the last dose.3 The sustained response obtained in clinical trials indicates that dolutegravir has a tight binding and longer dissociative half-life providing it a high barrier to resistance.15 The combination therapy (ripivirine and dolutegravir) presented the same viral suppression found in previous three-drug therapies without integrase strand transfer inhibitor mutations or rilpivirine resistance.18

Mechanism of action

Dolutegravir is an HIV-1 antiviral agent. It inhibits HIV integrase by binding to the active site and blocking the strand transfer step of retroviral DNA integration in the host cell. The strand transfer step is essential in the HIV replication cycle and results in the inhibition of viral activity. Dolutegravir has a mean EC50 value of 0.5 nM (0.21 ng/mL) to 2.1 nM (0.85 ng/mL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and MT-4 cells.4

TargetActionsOrganism
AIntegrase
inhibitor
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Absorption

When 50 mg of dolutegravir once daily was orally administered to HIV-1 infected adults, the AUC, Cmax, and Cmin is 53.6 mcg h/mL, 3.67 mcg/mL, and 1.11 mcg/mL, respectively. The peak plasma concentration was observed 2 to 3 hours post-dose. Steady state is achieved within approximately 5 days with average accumulation ratios for AUC, Cmax, and C24h ranging from 1.2 to 1.5. When 50 mg once daily is given to pediatric patients (12 to < 18 years and weighing ≥40 kg) the Cmax, AUC, and C24 is 3.49 mcg/mL, 46 mcg.h/mL, and 0.90 mcg/mL respectively.1

Volume of distribution

The administration of a dose of 50 mg of dolutegravir presents an apparent volume of distribution of 17.4 L. The median dolutegravir concentration in CSF was 18 ng/mL after 2 weeks of treatment.1

Protein binding

Dolutegravir is highly protein bound to human plasma proteins reaching a percentage 98.9% of the administered dose.1

Metabolism

Dolutegravir is highly metabolized through three main pathways and it forms no long-lived metabolites. The first pathway is defined by the glucuronidation by UGT1A1, the second pathway by carbon oxidation by CYP3A4 and the third pathway is what appears to be a sequential oxidative defluorination and glutathione conjugation. The main metabolite found in blood plasma is the ether glucuronide form (M2) and its chemical properties disrupt its ability to bind metal ions, therefore, it is inactive.12

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Route of elimination

When a single oral dose of dolutegravir is given, nearly all complete dose is recovered in a proportion of 53% excreted unchanged in the feces and 31% excreted in urine. The renal eliminated recovered dose consists of ether glucuronide of dolutegravir (18.9%), a metabolite formed by oxidation at the benzylic carbon (3.0%), a hydrolytic N-dealkylation product (3.6%) and unchanged drug (< 1%).12

Half-life

The half-life of dolutegravir is 14 hours.1

Clearance

The apparent clearance rate of dultegravir is 1.0 L/h.Label

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Data from an ongoing birth outcome surveillance study has identified an increased risk of neural tube defects when dolutegravir is administered at the time of conception. As defects related to the closure of the neural tube occur from conception through the first 6 weeks of gestation, embryos exposed to dolutegravir from the time of conception through the first 6 weeks of gestation are at potential risk.

Advise adolescents and adults of childbearing potential, including those actively trying to become pregnant, of the potential risk of neural tube defects with the use of TIVICAY and TIVICAY PD. Assess the risks and benefits of TIVICAY and TIVICAY PD and discuss with the patient to determine if an alternative treatment should be considered at the time of conception through the first trimester of pregnancy or if pregnancy is confirmed in the first trimester. A benefit-risk assessment should consider factors such as the feasibility of switching to another antiretroviral regimen, tolerability, ability to maintain viral suppression, and risk of HIV-1 transmission to the infant against the risk of neural tube defects associated with in-utero dolutegravir exposure during critical periods of fetal development [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

There are insufficient human data on the use of dolutegravir during pregnancy to definitively assess a drug-associated risk for birth defects and miscarriage. The background risk for major birth defects for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background rate for major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

In animal reproduction studies, no evidence of adverse developmental outcomes was observed with dolutegravir at systemic exposures (AUC) less than (rabbits) and approximately 27 times (rats) the exposure in humans at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of TIVICAY (see Data).

There is no known specific treatment for an overdose with TIVICAY or TIVICAY PD. If an overdose occurs, the patient should be monitored, and standard supportive treatment applied as required. As dolutegravir is highly bound to plasma proteins, it is unlikely that it will be significantly removed by dialysis.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Interacting Gene/EnzymeAllele nameGenotype(s)Defining Change(s)Type(s)DescriptionDetails
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1UGT1A1*28 or UGT1A 7/7Not Availableextra TA in promoterEffect Directly StudiedPoor drug metabolizer.Details
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1UGT1A1*6Not AvailableG > AEffect Directly StudiedThe presence of this polymorphism in UGT1A1 is associated with reduction in dolutegravir metabolism.Details
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1UGT1A1*37Not AvailableTA pair insertionEffect Directly StudiedThe presence of this polymorphism in UGT1A1 is associated with reduction in dolutegravir metabolism.Details

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbemaciclibAbemaciclib may decrease the excretion rate of Dolutegravir which could result in a higher serum level.
AbrocitinibThe serum concentration of Dolutegravir can be increased when it is combined with Abrocitinib.
AcamprosateThe excretion of Acamprosate can be decreased when combined with Dolutegravir.
AcyclovirThe excretion of Acyclovir can be decreased when combined with Dolutegravir.
AdagrasibThe serum concentration of Dolutegravir can be increased when it is combined with Adagrasib.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid multivalent ions. Cations should be separated from dolutegravir administration by 2 hours before and 6 hours after cation administration. Cations can be administered with dolutegravir if given with food.
  • Avoid St. John's Wort.
  • Take with or without food. Food, particularly high-fat meals, may increase the AUC, Cmax, and Tmax of dolutegravir.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Dolutegravir sodium1Q1V9V5WYQ1051375-19-9UGWJRRXTMKRYNK-VSLILLSYSA-M
Product Images
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
DolutegravirTablet, for suspension10 mg/1OralMylan Laboratories Limited2020-11-19Not applicableUS flag
TivicayTablet10 mgOralViiV Healthcare ULC2017-06-20Not applicableCanada flag
TivicayTablet, film coated50 mg/1OralRemedy Repack2016-07-132018-10-11US flag
TivicayTablet, film coated50 mg/1OralRedPharm Drug, Inc.2013-08-13Not applicableUS flag
TivicayTablet, film coated25 mg/1OralViiV Healthcare Company2016-06-09Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
ACRIPTEGADolutegravir (50 MG) + Lamivudine (300 MG) + Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (300 MG)Tablet, coatedOralบริษัท ซาย ฟาร์มา จำกัด จำกัด2019-12-27Not applicableThailand flag
DovatoDolutegravir sodium (50 mg) + Lamivudine (300 mg)Tablet, film coatedOralVii V Healthcare B.V.2022-06-10Not applicableEU flag
DOVATODolutegravir (50 MG) + Lamivudine (300 MG)Tablet, film coatedOralViiv Healthcare Bv2019-12-21Not applicableItaly flag
DovatoDolutegravir sodium (50 mg) + Lamivudine (300 mg)Tablet, film coatedOralVii V Healthcare B.V.2023-09-13Not applicableEU flag
DovatoDolutegravir sodium (50 mg) + Lamivudine (300 mg)Tablet, film coatedOralVii V Healthcare B.V.2022-06-10Not applicableEU flag

Categories

ATC Codes
J05AR27 — Lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil and dolutegravirJ05AJ03 — DolutegravirJ05AR13 — Lamivudine, abacavir and dolutegravirJ05AR25 — Lamivudine and dolutegravirJ05AR21 — Dolutegravir and rilpivirine
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing a pyridine ring bearing a carboxylic acid group or a derivative thereof.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Pyridines and derivatives
Sub Class
Pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives
Direct Parent
Pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
2-heteroaryl carboxamides / Fluorobenzenes / Hydroxypyridines / 1,3-oxazinanes / Aryl fluorides / Vinylogous amides / Vinylogous acids / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Secondary carboxylic acid amides
show 9 more
Substituents
1,3-oxazinane / 2-heteroaryl carboxamide / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aryl fluoride / Aryl halide / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Carboxamide group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Cyclic ketone
show 22 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
organofluorine compound, monocarboxylic acid amide, organic heterotricyclic compound (CHEBI:76010)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
DKO1W9H7M1
CAS number
1051375-16-6
InChI Key
RHWKPHLQXYSBKR-BMIGLBTASA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C20H19F2N3O5/c1-10-4-5-30-15-9-24-8-13(17(26)18(27)16(24)20(29)25(10)15)19(28)23-7-11-2-3-12(21)6-14(11)22/h2-3,6,8,10,15,27H,4-5,7,9H2,1H3,(H,23,28)/t10-,15+/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
(3S,7R)-N-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-11-hydroxy-7-methyl-9,12-dioxo-4-oxa-1,8-diazatricyclo[8.4.0.0^{3,8}]tetradeca-10,13-diene-13-carboxamide
SMILES
[H][C@]12CN3C=C(C(=O)NCC4=CC=C(F)C=C4F)C(=O)C(O)=C3C(=O)N1[C@H](C)CCO2

References

General References
  1. Min S, Song I, Borland J, Chen S, Lou Y, Fujiwara T, Piscitelli SC: Pharmacokinetics and safety of S/GSK1349572, a next-generation HIV integrase inhibitor, in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Jan;54(1):254-8. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00842-09. Epub 2009 Nov 2. [Article]
  2. Lenz JC, Rockstroh JK: S/GSK1349572, a new integrase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV: promises and challenges. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2011 Apr;20(4):537-48. doi: 10.1517/13543784.2011.562189. Epub 2011 Mar 8. [Article]
  3. Min S, Sloan L, DeJesus E, Hawkins T, McCurdy L, Song I, Stroder R, Chen S, Underwood M, Fujiwara T, Piscitelli S, Lalezari J: Antiviral activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of dolutegravir as 10-day monotherapy in HIV-1-infected adults. AIDS. 2011 Sep 10;25(14):1737-45. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834a1dd9. [Article]
  4. Hare S, Smith SJ, Metifiot M, Jaxa-Chamiec A, Pommier Y, Hughes SH, Cherepanov P: Structural and functional analyses of the second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor dolutegravir (S/GSK1349572). Mol Pharmacol. 2011 Oct;80(4):565-72. doi: 10.1124/mol.111.073189. Epub 2011 Jun 30. [Article]
  5. Katlama C, Murphy R: Dolutegravir for the treatment of HIV. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2012 Apr;21(4):523-30. doi: 10.1517/13543784.2012.661713. Epub 2012 Mar 2. [Article]
  6. Cahn P, Pozniak AL, Mingrone H, Shuldyakov A, Brites C, Andrade-Villanueva JF, Richmond G, Buendia CB, Fourie J, Ramgopal M, Hagins D, Felizarta F, Madruga J, Reuter T, Newman T, Small CB, Lombaard J, Grinsztejn B, Dorey D, Underwood M, Griffith S, Min S: Dolutegravir versus raltegravir in antiretroviral-experienced, integrase-inhibitor-naive adults with HIV: week 48 results from the randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority SAILING study. Lancet. 2013 Aug 24;382(9893):700-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61221-0. Epub 2013 Jul 3. [Article]
  7. Authors unspecified: Dolutegravir (Tivicay) for HIV. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2013 Sep 30;55(1426):77-9. [Article]
  8. Cottrell ML, Hadzic T, Kashuba AD: Clinical pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and drug-interaction profile of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2013 Nov;52(11):981-94. doi: 10.1007/s40262-013-0093-2. [Article]
  9. Ballantyne AD, Perry CM: Dolutegravir: first global approval. Drugs. 2013 Sep;73(14):1627-37. doi: 10.1007/s40265-013-0121-4. [Article]
  10. Boyd MA, Donovan B: Antiretroviral therapy: dolutegravir sets SAIL(ING). Lancet. 2013 Aug 24;382(9893):664-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61456-7. Epub 2013 Jul 3. [Article]
  11. Dow DE, Bartlett JA: Dolutegravir, the Second-Generation of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs) for the Treatment of HIV. Infect Dis Ther. 2014 Dec;3(2):83-102. doi: 10.1007/s40121-014-0029-7. Epub 2014 Jun 24. [Article]
  12. Castellino S, Moss L, Wagner D, Borland J, Song I, Chen S, Lou Y, Min SS, Goljer I, Culp A, Piscitelli SC, Savina PM: Metabolism, excretion, and mass balance of the HIV-1 integrase inhibitor dolutegravir in humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Aug;57(8):3536-46. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00292-13. Epub 2013 May 13. [Article]
  13. Elzi L, Erb S, Furrer H, Cavassini M, Calmy A, Vernazza P, Gunthard H, Bernasconi E, Battegay M: Adverse events of raltegravir and dolutegravir. AIDS. 2017 Aug 24;31(13):1853-1858. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001590. [Article]
  14. Adams JL, Greener BN, Kashuba AD: Pharmacology of HIV integrase inhibitors. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2012 Sep;7(5):390-400. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e328356e91c. [Article]
  15. DeAnda F, Hightower KE, Nolte RT, Hattori K, Yoshinaga T, Kawasuji T, Underwood MR: Dolutegravir interactions with HIV-1 integrase-DNA: structural rationale for drug resistance and dissociation kinetics. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 16;8(10):e77448. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077448. eCollection 2013. [Article]
  16. ViiV Healthcare News [Link]
  17. FDA News and Events [Link]
  18. Johnson & Johnson News: Janssen Announces U.S. FDA Approval of First and Only Complete, Single-Pill, Two-Drug Regimen, JULUCA® (Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine), for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection [Link]
  19. FDA Approved Drug Products: Triumeq/Triumeq PD (abacavir, dolutegravir, and lamivudine) for oral administration [Link]
  20. FDA Approved Drug Products: TIVICAY (dolutegravir) tablets, for oral use or oral suspension [Link]
  21. FDA Approved Drug Products: JULUCA (dolutegravir and rilpivirine tablets), for oral use [Link]
  22. FDA Approved Drug Products: DOVATO (dolutegravir and lamivudine) tablets, for oral use [Link]
KEGG Drug
D10066
PubChem Compound
54726191
PubChem Substance
175427161
ChemSpider
25051637
BindingDB
50062551
RxNav
1433868
ChEBI
76010
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1229211
ZINC
ZINC000058581064
PharmGKB
PA166114961
PDBe Ligand
DLU
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Dolutegravir
PDB Entries
3s3m / 3s3n / 3s3o / 6rwn / 6u8q / 6vdk / 8fn7 / 8fnd / 8fng / 8fnh
show 6 more
FDA label
Download (332 KB)
MSDS
Download (61.6 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4Active Not RecruitingBasic ScienceArts / Contraception / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections1
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentFatty Liver Disease / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections1
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections4
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections / Tuberculosis (TB)1
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Tablet, for suspensionOral10 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral52.6 MG
TabletOral
TabletOral10 mg
TabletOral10.500 mg
TabletOral25 mg
TabletOral50 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral10 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral25 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral50 mg/1
Tablet, for suspensionOral5 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral
TabletOral5.260 mg
Tablet, for suspensionOral5 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral50 mg
TabletOral
Tablet, film coatedOral
Tablet, coatedOral
Kit; tablet, film coatedOral
Tablet, film coatedOral10 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral25 mg
Tablet, coatedOral50 mg
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US9242986Yes2016-01-262030-06-08US flag
US5905082Yes1999-05-182016-11-18US flag
US6294540Yes2001-09-252018-11-14US flag
US6417191Yes2002-07-092016-09-28US flag
US7125879Yes2006-10-242025-10-21US flag
US6838464No2005-01-042021-02-26US flag
US8080551No2011-12-202023-04-11US flag
US8101629No2012-01-242022-08-09US flag
US7067522No2006-06-272019-12-20US flag
US8129385Yes2012-03-062028-04-05US flag
US10426780No2019-10-012031-01-24US flag
US11234985No2011-01-242031-01-24US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)190-193ºCMSDS
water solubilitySlightly solubleFDA label
logP2.2 MSDS
pKa8.2MSDS
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0922 mg/mLALOGPS
logP0.98ALOGPS
logP1.1Chemaxon
logS-3.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.1Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.51Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area99.18 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count3Chemaxon
Refractivity102.77 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability40 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0030900000-4534f34038330703cccf
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-0091200000-6a440597a193c50eaf0b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0090100000-0ca312dc57b4531a170b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-016v-4298300000-ab5e8123f8bbf56aa049
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0umi-0493100000-cfb28698b53af2ff903b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00kp-9647100000-b74e91a03fa736ca4181
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-203.42375
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+205.78175
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+212.40889
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Not Available
Gene Name
pol
Uniprot ID
Q7ZJM1
Uniprot Name
Integrase
Molecular Weight
32226.645 Da
References
  1. Hare S, Smith SJ, Metifiot M, Jaxa-Chamiec A, Pommier Y, Hughes SH, Cherepanov P: Structural and functional analyses of the second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor dolutegravir (S/GSK1349572). Mol Pharmacol. 2011 Oct;80(4):565-72. doi: 10.1124/mol.111.073189. Epub 2011 Jun 30. [Article]
  2. Waki K, Sugawara Y: Implications of integrase inhibitors for HIV-infected transplantation recipients: raltegravir and dolutegravir (S/GSK 1349572). Biosci Trends. 2011;5(5):189-91. [Article]
  3. Underwood MR, Johns BA, Sato A, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Fujiwara T: The activity of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir against HIV-1 variants isolated from raltegravir-treated adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 Nov 1;61(3):297-301. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31826bfd02. [Article]
  4. Dooley KE, Sayre P, Borland J, Purdy E, Chen S, Song I, Peppercorn A, Everts S, Piscitelli S, Flexner C: Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the HIV integrase inhibitor dolutegravir given twice daily with rifampin or once daily with rifabutin: results of a phase 1 study among healthy subjects. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Jan 1;62(1):21-7. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318276cda9. [Article]
  5. Cottrell ML, Hadzic T, Kashuba AD: Clinical pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and drug-interaction profile of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2013 Nov;52(11):981-94. doi: 10.1007/s40262-013-0093-2. [Article]
  6. Rathbun RC, Lockhart SM, Miller MM, Liedtke MD: Dolutegravir, a second-generation integrase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Ann Pharmacother. 2014 Mar;48(3):395-403. doi: 10.1177/1060028013513558. Epub 2013 Nov 19. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid binding
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the...
Gene Name
UGT1A1
Uniprot ID
P22309
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1
Molecular Weight
59590.91 Da
References
  1. FDA Approved Drug Products: TIVICAY (dolutegravir) tablets, for oral use or oral suspension [Link]
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...

Components:
References
  1. FDA Approved Drug Products: TIVICAY (dolutegravir) tablets, for oral use or oral suspension [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Retinoic acid binding
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Isoform 2 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative reg...
Gene Name
UGT1A3
Uniprot ID
P35503
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3
Molecular Weight
60337.835 Da
References
  1. FDA Approved Drug Products: TIVICAY (dolutegravir) tablets, for oral use or oral suspension [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Retinoic acid binding
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols. Isoform 2 lacks trans...
Gene Name
UGT1A9
Uniprot ID
O60656
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9
Molecular Weight
59940.495 Da
References
  1. FDA Approved Drug Products: TIVICAY (dolutegravir) tablets, for oral use or oral suspension [Link]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Binder
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Gele T, Gouget H, Furlan V, Becker PH, Taburet AM, Lambotte O, Barrail-Tran A: Characteristics of Dolutegravir and Bictegravir Plasma Protein Binding: a First Approach for the Study of Pharmacologic Sanctuaries. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Oct 20;64(11). pii: AAC.00895-20. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00895-20. Print 2020 Oct 20. [Article]
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Binder
General Function
Not Available
Specific Function
Functions as transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Also binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and availability in...

Components:
References
  1. Gele T, Gouget H, Furlan V, Becker PH, Taburet AM, Lambotte O, Barrail-Tran A: Characteristics of Dolutegravir and Bictegravir Plasma Protein Binding: a First Approach for the Study of Pharmacologic Sanctuaries. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Oct 20;64(11). pii: AAC.00895-20. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00895-20. Print 2020 Oct 20. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creat...
Gene Name
SLC22A2
Uniprot ID
O15244
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 2
Molecular Weight
62579.99 Da
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
Gene Name
ABCG2
Uniprot ID
Q9UNQ0
Uniprot Name
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
Molecular Weight
72313.47 Da
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one ...
Gene Name
SLC22A6
Uniprot ID
Q4U2R8
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Molecular Weight
61815.78 Da
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
Gene Name
SLC22A8
Uniprot ID
Q8TCC7
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Molecular Weight
59855.585 Da
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Adams JL, Greener BN, Kashuba AD: Pharmacology of HIV integrase inhibitors. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2012 Sep;7(5):390-400. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e328356e91c. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Monovalent cation:proton antiporter activity
Specific Function
Solute transporter for tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, N-methylnicotinamide (NMN), metformin, creatinine, guanidine, procainamide, topotecan, estrone sulfat...
Gene Name
SLC47A1
Uniprot ID
Q96FL8
Uniprot Name
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1
Molecular Weight
61921.585 Da

Drug created at November 11, 2013 21:17 / Updated at December 22, 2023 19:51