Zanubrutinib

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Identification

Summary

Zanubrutinib is a kinase inhibitor used to treat mantle cell lymphoma, a type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, in adults who previously received therapy.

Brand Names

Brukinsa

Generic Name

Zanubrutinib

DrugBank Accession Number

DB15035

Background

Zanubrutinib is a novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor used for the treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who have received at least one prior therapy.⁷ Mantle cell lymphoma is an aggressive mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with early relapse, poor clinical outcomes, and long-term survival.⁵ BTK is an enzyme that plays a role in oncogenic signalling pathways, promoting the survival and proliferation of malignant B cells.⁶ Compared to the first-generation BTK inhibitor ibrutinib, zanubrutinib displays higher potency and selectivity for BTK with fewer off-target effects.⁴ Due to this enhanced selectivity towards BTK, zanubrutinib belongs to the second-generation BTK inhibitor drug group that also includes acalabrutinib, which was approved by the FDA in 2017.

Zanubrutinib was granted accelerated approval by the FDA in November 2019 based on clinical trial results that demonstrated an 84% overall response rate from zanubrutinib therapy in patients with MCL,⁸ which measures the proportion of patients in a trial whose tumour is entirely or partially destroyed by a drug.⁹ It is currently marketed under the trade name BRUKINSA™ and is available as oral capsules. In August 2021, the FDA granted accelerated approval to zanubrutinib for the treatment of adults with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia.¹¹ This indication is valid in the US, Europe, and Canada.¹² In September 2021, zanubrutinib was granted another accelerated approval for the treatment of relapsed or refractory marginal zone lymphoma who have received at least one anti-CD20-based regimen.¹⁰ In October 2022, the EMA's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) recommended zanubrutinib be granted marketing authorization for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.¹⁴

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved, Investigational

Structure

3D

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MOLSDF3D-SDFPDBSMILESInChI

Similar Structures

Structure for Zanubrutinib (DB15035)

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Weight

Average: 471.561
Monoisotopic: 471.227039814

Chemical Formula

C₂₇H₂₉N₅O₃

Synonyms

• Zanubrutinib

External IDs

• BGB-3111

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Pharmacology

Indication

Zanubrutinib is indicated for the treatment of:

• Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in adults who have received at least one prior therapy.^7,13
• Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia in adults.^7,13,19
• Relapsed or refractory marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) in adults who have received at least one anti-CD20-based regimen.^7,13,19
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) ^15,19 or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) in adults.¹⁵
• Refractory or relapsed follicular lymphoma, in combination with obinutuzumab, in adults who have received at least two prior systemic therapies.^18,19,20

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Associated Conditions

Indication Type	Indication	Combined Product Details	Approval Level	Age Group	Patient Characteristics	Dose Form
Treatment of	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia		••••••••••••	•••••		•••••••
Treatment of	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia		••••••••••••	•••••		•••••••
Treatment of	Mantle cell lymphoma (mcl)		••••••••••••	•••••	•• ••••• ••• ••••• •••••••	•••••••
Treatment of	Mantle cell lymphoma (mcl)		••••••••••••	•••••	••• ••••• •••••••	•••••••
Treatment of	Marginal zone lymphoma (mzl)		••••••••••••	•••••	•••••••• •• ••••• ••• ••••• ••••••••••••••• •••••••	•••••••

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Pharmacodynamics

Zanubrutinib is an immunomodulating agent that decreases the survival of malignant B cells. It inhibits BTK by binding to its active site. It works to inhibit the proliferation and survival of malignant B cells to reduce the tumour size in mantle cell lymphoma.⁷

Mechanism of action

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor kinase and a signalling molecule for the B cell receptors expressed on the peripheral B cell surface.⁶ The BCR signalling pathway plays a crucial role in normal B-cell development but also the proliferation and survival of malignant B cells in many B cell malignancies, including mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL).^6,4 Once activated by upstream Src-family kinases, BTK phosphorylates phospholipase-Cγ (PLCγ), leading to Ca2+ mobilization and activation of NF-κB and MAP kinase pathways. These downstream cascades promote the expression of genes involved in B cell proliferation and survival.² The BCR signalling pathway also induces the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL and regulates the integrin α4β1 (VLA-4)-mediated adhesion of B cells to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and fibronectin via BTK. Apart from the direct downstream signal transduction pathway of B cells, BTK is also involved in chemokine receptor, Toll-like receptor (TLR) and Fc receptor signalling pathways.⁶

Zanubrutinib inhibits BTK by forming a covalent bond with cysteine 481 residue in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–binding pocket of BTK, which is the enzyme's active site. This binding specificity is commonly seen with other BTK inhibitors. Due to this binding profile, zanubrutinib may also bind with varying affinities to related and unrelated ATP-binding kinases that possess a cysteine residue at this position.⁴ By blocking the BCR signalling pathway, zanubrutinib inhibits the proliferation, trafficking, chemotaxis, and adhesion of malignant B cells, ultimately leading to reduced tumour size.⁷ Zanubrutinib was also shown to downregulate programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1) expression and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) on CD4+ T cells.¹

Target	Actions	Organism
ATyrosine-protein kinase BTK	inhibitor	Humans
UEpidermal growth factor receptor	inhibitor	Humans
UReceptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2	inhibitor	Humans
UReceptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4	inhibitor	Humans
UTyrosine-protein kinase ITK/TSK	inhibitor	Humans
UCytoplasmic tyrosine-protein kinase BMX	inhibitor	Humans
UTyrosine-protein kinase JAK2	inhibitor	Humans
UTyrosine-protein kinase Tec	inhibitor	Humans
UTyrosine-protein kinase Blk	inhibitor	Humans
UTyrosine-protein kinase JAK3	inhibitor	Humans
UProtein-tyrosine kinase 6	inhibitor	Humans
UTyrosine-protein kinase Fgr	inhibitor	Humans
UTyrosine-protein kinase FRK	inhibitor	Humans
UTyrosine-protein kinase Lck	inhibitor	Humans
UTyrosine-protein kinase TXK	inhibitor	Humans

Absorption

Following oral administration of zanubrutinib 160 mg twice daily and 320 mg once daily, the mean (%CV) zanubrutinib steady-state concentrations were 2,295 (37%) ng·h/mL and 2,180 (41%) ng·h/mL, respectively. The mean Cmax (%CV) was 314 (46%) ng/mL following 160 mg twice daily and 543 (51%) ng/mL following 320 mg once daily.⁷

The Cmax and AUC of zanubrutinib increase in a dose-proportional manner and there is minimal systemic accumulation after repeated dosing. The median Tmax is 2 hours.⁷

Volume of distribution

The geometric mean (%CV) apparent steady-state Vd is 881 (95%) L. The blood-to­ plasma ratio is about 0.7 to 0.8.⁷

Protein binding

The plasma protein binding of zanubrutinib is approximately 94%.⁷

Metabolism

Zanubrutinib is predominantly metabolized by CYP3A4.⁷ Its metabolites have not been characterized.

Route of elimination

Following oral administration of 320 mg radiolabelled zanubrutinib, approximately 87% of the dose was excreted in the feces and about 8% of the dose was recovered in the urine, where less than 1% of the recovered drug comprised of unchanged parent drug.⁷

Half-life

Following administration of a single oral dose of 160 mg or 320 mg of zanubrutinib, the mean half-life is approximately 2 to 4 hours.⁷

Clearance

The mean (%CV) apparent oral clearance (CL/F) of zanubrutinib is 182 (37%) L/h.⁷

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

There is limited data on zanubrutinib overdose.

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

• Approved
• Vet approved
• Nutraceutical
• Illicit
• Withdrawn
• Investigational
• Experimental
• All Drugs

Drug	Interaction
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Abametapir	The serum concentration of Zanubrutinib can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
Abatacept	The metabolism of Zanubrutinib can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
Acalabrutinib	The metabolism of Zanubrutinib can be decreased when combined with Acalabrutinib.
Acetaminophen	The metabolism of Zanubrutinib can be increased when combined with Acetaminophen.
Acetazolamide	The serum concentration of Zanubrutinib can be increased when it is combined with Acetazolamide.

Food Interactions

• Avoid grapefruit products. Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A metabolism, which may increase the serum concentration of zanubrutinib. Dose adjustment may be necessary if coadministered.
• Avoid St. John's Wort. This herb induces CYP3A metabolism and may reduce serum levels of zanubrutinib.
• Take with a full glass of water.
• Take with or without food. Food does not significantly affect drug concentrations.

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Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Brukinsa	Capsule	80 mg	Oral	Beigene Switzerland Gmbh	2021-03-30	Not applicable
Brukinsa	Capsule	80 mg/1	Oral	Beigene Usa, Inc.	2019-11-14	Not applicable
Brukinsa	Capsule	80 mg	Oral	Bei Gene Ireland Limited	2022-01-21	Not applicable

Categories

ATC Codes

L01EL03 — Zanubrutinib

• L01EL — Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors
• L01E — PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS
• L01 — ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS
• L — ANTINEOPLASTIC AND IMMUNOMODULATING AGENTS

Drug Categories

• Antineoplastic Agents
• Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents
• Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors
• Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers (strength unknown)
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Substrates
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Substrates with a Narrow Therapeutic Index
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates with a Narrow Therapeutic Index
• Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
• Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
• Enzyme Inhibitors
• Hematologic Agents
• Kinase Inhibitor
• Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs
• P-glycoprotein substrates
• P-glycoprotein substrates with a Narrow Therapeutic Index
• Protein Kinase Inhibitors
• Teratogens
• Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Description

This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diphenylethers. These are aromatic compounds containing two benzene rings linked to each other through an ether group.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Benzenoids

Class

Benzene and substituted derivatives

Sub Class

Diphenylethers

Direct Parent

Diphenylethers

Alternative Parents

Phenylpyrazoles / Diarylethers / Pyrimidinecarboxamides / Pyrazolopyrimidines / N-acylpiperidines / Pyrazole-4-carboxamides / Phenoxy compounds / Phenol ethers / Secondary alkylarylamines / Vinylogous amides / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Acrylic acids and derivatives / Primary carboxylic acid amides / Amino acids and derivatives / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds

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Substituents

Acrylic acid or derivatives / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Azole / Carbonyl group / Carboxamide group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Diaryl ether / Diphenylether / Ether / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / N-acyl-piperidine / Organic nitrogen compound / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound / Organoheterocyclic compound / Organonitrogen compound / Organooxygen compound / Organopnictogen compound / Phenol ether / Phenoxy compound / Phenylpyrazole / Piperidine / Primary carboxylic acid amide / Pyrazole / Pyrazole-4-carboxamide / Pyrazolopyrimidine / Pyrimidine / Pyrimidinecarboxamide / Secondary aliphatic/aromatic amine / Secondary amine / Tertiary carboxylic acid amide / Vinylogous amide

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Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

Not Available

Affected organisms

• Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII

AG9MHG098Z

CAS number

1691249-45-2

InChI Key

RNOAOAWBMHREKO-QFIPXVFZSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C27H29N5O3/c1-2-23(33)31-16-13-18(14-17-31)22-12-15-29-27-24(26(28)34)25(30-32(22)27)19-8-10-21(11-9-19)35-20-6-4-3-5-7-20/h2-11,18,22,29H,1,12-17H2,(H2,28,34)/t22-/m0/s1

IUPAC Name

(7S)-2-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-7-[1-(prop-2-enoyl)piperidin-4-yl]-4H,5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

SMILES

NC(=O)C1=C2NCC[C@@H](C3CCN(CC3)C(=O)C=C)N2N=C1C1=CC=C(OC2=CC=CC=C2)C=C1

References

Synthesis Reference

Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, et al. Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase. JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY. 62(17):7923-7940. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687.

General References

1. Zou YX, Zhu HY, Li XT, Xia Y, Miao KR, Zhao SS, Wu YJ, Wang L, Xu W, Li JY: The impacts of zanubrutinib on immune cells in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Hematol Oncol. 2019 Oct;37(4):392-400. doi: 10.1002/hon.2667. Epub 2019 Sep 13. [Article]
2. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]
3. Tarantelli C, Zhang L, Curti E, Gaudio E, Spriano F, Priebe V, Cascione L, Arribas AJ, Zucca E, Rossi D, Stathis A, Bertoni F: The Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor zanubrutinib (BGB-3111) demonstrated synergies with other anti-lymphoma targeted agents. Haematologica. 2019 Jul;104(7):e307-e309. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2018.214759. Epub 2019 Jan 24. [Article]
4. Tam CS, Trotman J, Opat S, Burger JA, Cull G, Gottlieb D, Harrup R, Johnston PB, Marlton P, Munoz J, Seymour JF, Simpson D, Tedeschi A, Elstrom R, Yu Y, Tang Z, Han L, Huang J, Novotny W, Wang L, Roberts AW: Phase 1 study of the selective BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib in B-cell malignancies and safety and efficacy evaluation in CLL. Blood. 2019 Sep 12;134(11):851-859. doi: 10.1182/blood.2019001160. Epub 2019 Jul 24. [Article]
5. Schieber M, Gordon LI, Karmali R: Current overview and treatment of mantle cell lymphoma. F1000Res. 2018 Jul 25;7. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.14122.1. eCollection 2018. [Article]
6. Pal Singh S, Dammeijer F, Hendriks RW: Role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B cells and malignancies. Mol Cancer. 2018 Feb 19;17(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12943-018-0779-z. [Article]
7. FDA Approved Drug Products: Brukinsa (zanubrutinib) capsules [Link]
8. FDA grants accelerated approval to zanubrutinib for mantle cell lymphoma [Link]
9. Clinical Trial Endpoints in Cancer Research: Four Terms You Should Know [Link]
10. FDA.gov: FDA approvals of Brukinsa (zanubrutinib), for adult patients with relapsed or refractory marginal zone lymphoma, and Exkivity (mobocertinib) for adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor exon 20 insertion mutations [Link]
11. FDA.gov: FDA approves zanubrutinib for Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia [Link]
12. Businesswire: BeiGene Announces Approval of BRUKINSA (zanubrutinib) in the European Union for Treatment of Adults with Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia [Link]
13. Health Canada Product Monograph: BRUKINSA (zanubrutinib) Oral Capsules [Link]
14. EMA Summary of Opinion: Brukinsa (zanubrutinib) [Link]
15. FDA Approved Drug Products: BRUKINSA (zanubrutinib) capsules, for oral use (January 2023) [Link]
16. Health Canada Product Monograph: BRUKINSA (zanubrutinib) Oral Capsules (May 2023) [Link]
17. FDA Approved Drug Products: BRUKINSA® (zanubrutinib) capsules, for oral use (Jan 2024) [Link]
18. Health Canada Approved Drug Proucts: BRUKINSA (zanubrutinib) capsules for oral use (Feb 2024) [Link]
19. EMA Approved Drug Products: BRUKINSA (zanubrutinib) Oral Capsules [Link]
20. FDA Approved Drug Products: BRUKINSA (zanubrutinib) capsules, for oral use (March 2024) [Link]

External Links

Human Metabolome Database

HMDB0304875

ChemSpider

64835237

BindingDB

250082

RxNav

2262435

ChEMBL

CHEMBL3936761

ZINC

ZINC000584641430

Wikipedia

Zanubrutinib

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

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Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count	Start Date	Why Stopped	100+ additional columns
Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample data
Not Available	Not Yet Recruiting	Not Available	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
3	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia / Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
3	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL)	2	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
3	Completed	Treatment	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia / Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
3	Completed	Treatment	HLH	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide

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Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Capsule	Oral	80 mg
Capsule	Oral	80 mg/1

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)	Region
US9447106	No	2016-09-20	2034-04-22
US10570139	No	2020-02-25	2034-04-22
US10927117	No	2021-02-23	2037-08-15
US11142528	No	2021-10-12	2034-04-22
US11591340	No	2017-08-15	2037-08-15
US11786531	No	2023-01-19	2043-01-19
US11851437	No	2017-08-15	2037-08-15
US11911386	No	2023-01-19	2043-01-19
US11884674	No	2017-08-15	2037-08-15
US11701357	No	2019-06-24	2039-06-24
US11896596	No	2023-01-19	2043-01-19
US11970500	No	2017-08-15	2037-08-15

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.0103 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	3.27	ALOGPS
logP	3.42	Chemaxon
logS	-4.7	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	13.81	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	2.68	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	0	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	102.48 Å2	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	6	Chemaxon
Refractivity	146.25 m3·mol-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	51.75 Å3	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	5	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	No	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	No	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-00di-0000900000-5d2814456f7202241973
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-0zfr-0000900000-20ff9292804d788af3cc
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-00di-0000900000-6c67c0dd55024ec59542
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-0pe9-0617900000-4432e2d1b07c2e9c54d3
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-00fr-2007900000-47ea8bde7abdd6e7ca5b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-006x-5119600000-12675677e715f7d5db2f
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable

Chromatographic Properties

Collision Cross Sections (CCS)

Not Available

Targets

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Details1. Tyrosine-protein kinase BTK

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Yes

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling (PubMed:19290921). Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation (PubMed:19290921). After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members (PubMed:11606584). PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK (PubMed:11606584). BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways (PubMed:16517732, PubMed:17932028). Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway (PubMed:16517732). The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense (PubMed:16517732). Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells (PubMed:16517732, PubMed:17932028). Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation (PubMed:16415872). BTK also plays a critical role in transcription regulation (PubMed:19290921). Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes (PubMed:19290921). BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B (PubMed:19290921). Acts as an activator of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly by mediating phosphorylation of NLRP3 (PubMed:34554188). Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR (PubMed:9012831). GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression (PubMed:9012831). ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK (PubMed:16738337). BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes (PubMed:16738337). There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA (PubMed:16738337). BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis (PubMed:9751072)

Specific Function

Atp binding

Gene Name

BTK

Uniprot ID

Q06187

Uniprot Name

Tyrosine-protein kinase BTK

Molecular Weight

76280.71 Da

References

1. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]
2. Tarantelli C, Zhang L, Curti E, Gaudio E, Spriano F, Priebe V, Cascione L, Arribas AJ, Zucca E, Rossi D, Stathis A, Bertoni F: The Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor zanubrutinib (BGB-3111) demonstrated synergies with other anti-lymphoma targeted agents. Haematologica. 2019 Jul;104(7):e307-e309. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2018.214759. Epub 2019 Jan 24. [Article]
3. Tam CS, Trotman J, Opat S, Burger JA, Cull G, Gottlieb D, Harrup R, Johnston PB, Marlton P, Munoz J, Seymour JF, Simpson D, Tedeschi A, Elstrom R, Yu Y, Tang Z, Han L, Huang J, Novotny W, Wang L, Roberts AW: Phase 1 study of the selective BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib in B-cell malignancies and safety and efficacy evaluation in CLL. Blood. 2019 Sep 12;134(11):851-859. doi: 10.1182/blood.2019001160. Epub 2019 Jul 24. [Article]
4. Bond DA, Woyach JA: Targeting BTK in CLL: Beyond Ibrutinib. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2019 Jun;14(3):197-205. doi: 10.1007/s11899-019-00512-0. [Article]
5. Castillo JJ, Treon SP: What is new in the treatment of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia? Leukemia. 2019 Nov;33(11):2555-2562. doi: 10.1038/s41375-019-0592-8. Epub 2019 Oct 7. [Article]
6. Kaliamurthi S, Selvaraj G, Selvaraj C, Singh SK, Wei DQ, Peslherbe GH: Structure-Based Virtual Screening Reveals Ibrutinib and Zanubrutinib as Potential Repurposed Drugs against COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jun 30;22(13). pii: ijms22137071. doi: 10.3390/ijms22137071. [Article]

Details2. Epidermal growth factor receptor

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses (PubMed:10805725, PubMed:27153536, PubMed:2790960, PubMed:35538033). Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, AREG, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF (PubMed:12297049, PubMed:15611079, PubMed:17909029, PubMed:20837704, PubMed:27153536, PubMed:2790960, PubMed:7679104, PubMed:8144591, PubMed:9419975). Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules (PubMed:27153536). May also activate the NF-kappa-B signaling cascade (PubMed:11116146). Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling (PubMed:11602604). Also phosphorylates MUC1 and increases its interaction with SRC and CTNNB1/beta-catenin (PubMed:11483589). Positively regulates cell migration via interaction with CCDC88A/GIV which retains EGFR at the cell membrane following ligand stimulation, promoting EGFR signaling which triggers cell migration (PubMed:20462955). Plays a role in enhancing learning and memory performance (By similarity). Plays a role in mammalian pain signaling (long-lasting hypersensitivity) (By similarity)

Specific Function

Actin filament binding

Gene Name

EGFR

Uniprot ID

P00533

Uniprot Name

Epidermal growth factor receptor

Molecular Weight

134276.185 Da

References

1. Tam CS, Trotman J, Opat S, Burger JA, Cull G, Gottlieb D, Harrup R, Johnston PB, Marlton P, Munoz J, Seymour JF, Simpson D, Tedeschi A, Elstrom R, Yu Y, Tang Z, Han L, Huang J, Novotny W, Wang L, Roberts AW: Phase 1 study of the selective BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib in B-cell malignancies and safety and efficacy evaluation in CLL. Blood. 2019 Sep 12;134(11):851-859. doi: 10.1182/blood.2019001160. Epub 2019 Jul 24. [Article]
2. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]

Details3. Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Protein tyrosine kinase that is part of several cell surface receptor complexes, but that apparently needs a coreceptor for ligand binding. Essential component of a neuregulin-receptor complex, although neuregulins do not interact with it alone. GP30 is a potential ligand for this receptor. Regulates outgrowth and stabilization of peripheral microtubules (MTs). Upon ERBB2 activation, the MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway elicits the phosphorylation and thus the inhibition of GSK3B at cell membrane. This prevents the phosphorylation of APC and CLASP2, allowing its association with the cell membrane. In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization

Specific Function

Atp binding

Gene Name

ERBB2

Uniprot ID

P04626

Uniprot Name

Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2

Molecular Weight

137909.27 Da

References

1. Tam CS, Trotman J, Opat S, Burger JA, Cull G, Gottlieb D, Harrup R, Johnston PB, Marlton P, Munoz J, Seymour JF, Simpson D, Tedeschi A, Elstrom R, Yu Y, Tang Z, Han L, Huang J, Novotny W, Wang L, Roberts AW: Phase 1 study of the selective BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib in B-cell malignancies and safety and efficacy evaluation in CLL. Blood. 2019 Sep 12;134(11):851-859. doi: 10.1182/blood.2019001160. Epub 2019 Jul 24. [Article]
2. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]

Details4. Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an essential role as cell surface receptor for neuregulins and EGF family members and regulates development of the heart, the central nervous system and the mammary gland, gene transcription, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. Required for normal cardiac muscle differentiation during embryonic development, and for postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. Required for normal development of the embryonic central nervous system, especially for normal neural crest cell migration and normal axon guidance. Required for mammary gland differentiation, induction of milk proteins and lactation. Acts as cell-surface receptor for the neuregulins NRG1, NRG2, NRG3 and NRG4 and the EGF family members BTC, EREG and HBEGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation at specific tyrosine residues that then serve as binding sites for scaffold proteins and effectors. Ligand specificity and signaling is modulated by alternative splicing, proteolytic processing, and by the formation of heterodimers with other ERBB family members, thereby creating multiple combinations of intracellular phosphotyrosines that trigger ligand- and context-specific cellular responses. Mediates phosphorylation of SHC1 and activation of the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1. Isoform JM-A CYT-1 and isoform JM-B CYT-1 phosphorylate PIK3R1, leading to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and AKT1 and protect cells against apoptosis. Isoform JM-A CYT-1 and isoform JM-B CYT-1 mediate reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and promote cell migration in response to NRG1. Isoform JM-A CYT-2 and isoform JM-B CYT-2 lack the phosphotyrosine that mediates interaction with PIK3R1, and hence do not phosphorylate PIK3R1, do not protect cells against apoptosis, and do not promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration. Proteolytic processing of isoform JM-A CYT-1 and isoform JM-A CYT-2 gives rise to the corresponding soluble intracellular domains (4ICD) that translocate to the nucleus, promote nuclear import of STAT5A, activation of STAT5A, mammary epithelium differentiation, cell proliferation and activation of gene expression. The ERBB4 soluble intracellular domains (4ICD) colocalize with STAT5A at the CSN2 promoter to regulate transcription of milk proteins during lactation. The ERBB4 soluble intracellular domains can also translocate to mitochondria and promote apoptosis

Specific Function

Atp binding

Gene Name

ERBB4

Uniprot ID

Q15303

Uniprot Name

Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4

Molecular Weight

146806.865 Da

References

1. Tam CS, Trotman J, Opat S, Burger JA, Cull G, Gottlieb D, Harrup R, Johnston PB, Marlton P, Munoz J, Seymour JF, Simpson D, Tedeschi A, Elstrom R, Yu Y, Tang Z, Han L, Huang J, Novotny W, Wang L, Roberts AW: Phase 1 study of the selective BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib in B-cell malignancies and safety and efficacy evaluation in CLL. Blood. 2019 Sep 12;134(11):851-859. doi: 10.1182/blood.2019001160. Epub 2019 Jul 24. [Article]
2. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]

Details5. Tyrosine-protein kinase ITK/TSK

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulation of the adaptive immune response. Regulates the development, function and differentiation of conventional T-cells and nonconventional NKT-cells. When antigen presenting cells (APC) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), a series of phosphorylation lead to the recruitment of ITK to the cell membrane, in the vicinity of the stimulated TCR receptor, where it is phosphorylated by LCK. Phosphorylation leads to ITK autophosphorylation and full activation. Once activated, phosphorylates PLCG1, leading to the activation of this lipase and subsequent cleavage of its substrates. In turn, the endoplasmic reticulum releases calcium in the cytoplasm and the nuclear activator of activated T-cells (NFAT) translocates into the nucleus to perform its transcriptional duty. Phosphorylates 2 essential adapter proteins: the linker for activation of T-cells/LAT protein and LCP2. Then, a large number of signaling molecules such as VAV1 are recruited and ultimately lead to lymphokine production, T-cell proliferation and differentiation (PubMed:12186560, PubMed:12682224, PubMed:21725281). Required for TCR-mediated calcium response in gamma-delta T-cells, may also be involved in the modulation of the transcriptomic signature in the Vgamma2-positive subset of immature gamma-delta T-cells (By similarity). Phosphorylates TBX21 at 'Tyr-530' and mediates its interaction with GATA3 (By similarity)

Specific Function

Atp binding

Gene Name

ITK

Uniprot ID

Q08881

Uniprot Name

Tyrosine-protein kinase ITK/TSK

Molecular Weight

71830.405 Da

References

1. Tam CS, Trotman J, Opat S, Burger JA, Cull G, Gottlieb D, Harrup R, Johnston PB, Marlton P, Munoz J, Seymour JF, Simpson D, Tedeschi A, Elstrom R, Yu Y, Tang Z, Han L, Huang J, Novotny W, Wang L, Roberts AW: Phase 1 study of the selective BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib in B-cell malignancies and safety and efficacy evaluation in CLL. Blood. 2019 Sep 12;134(11):851-859. doi: 10.1182/blood.2019001160. Epub 2019 Jul 24. [Article]
2. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]

Details6. Cytoplasmic tyrosine-protein kinase BMX

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays central but diverse modulatory roles in various signaling processes involved in the regulation of actin reorganization, cell migration, cell proliferation and survival, cell adhesion, and apoptosis. Participates in signal transduction stimulated by growth factor receptors, cytokine receptors, G-protein coupled receptors, antigen receptors and integrins. Induces tyrosine phosphorylation of BCAR1 in response to integrin regulation. Activation of BMX by integrins is mediated by PTK2/FAK1, a key mediator of integrin signaling events leading to the regulation of actin cytoskeleton and cell motility. Plays a critical role in TNF-induced angiogenesis, and implicated in the signaling of TEK and FLT1 receptors, 2 important receptor families essential for angiogenesis. Required for the phosphorylation and activation of STAT3, a transcription factor involved in cell differentiation. Also involved in interleukin-6 (IL6) induced differentiation. Also plays a role in programming adaptive cytoprotection against extracellular stress in different cell systems, salivary epithelial cells, brain endothelial cells, and dermal fibroblasts. May be involved in regulation of endocytosis through its interaction with an endosomal protein RUFY1. May also play a role in the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic cells; as well as in signal transduction in endocardial and arterial endothelial cells

Specific Function

Atp binding

Gene Name

BMX

Uniprot ID

P51813

Uniprot Name

Cytoplasmic tyrosine-protein kinase BMX

Molecular Weight

78010.17 Da

References

1. Tam CS, Trotman J, Opat S, Burger JA, Cull G, Gottlieb D, Harrup R, Johnston PB, Marlton P, Munoz J, Seymour JF, Simpson D, Tedeschi A, Elstrom R, Yu Y, Tang Z, Han L, Huang J, Novotny W, Wang L, Roberts AW: Phase 1 study of the selective BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib in B-cell malignancies and safety and efficacy evaluation in CLL. Blood. 2019 Sep 12;134(11):851-859. doi: 10.1182/blood.2019001160. Epub 2019 Jul 24. [Article]
2. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]

Details7. Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various processes such as cell growth, development, differentiation or histone modifications. Mediates essential signaling events in both innate and adaptive immunity. In the cytoplasm, plays a pivotal role in signal transduction via its association with type I receptors such as growth hormone (GHR), prolactin (PRLR), leptin (LEPR), erythropoietin (EPOR), thrombopoietin (THPO); or type II receptors including IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma and multiple interleukins (PubMed:7615558, PubMed:9657743, PubMed:15690087). Following ligand-binding to cell surface receptors, phosphorylates specific tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic tails of the receptor, creating docking sites for STATs proteins (PubMed:9618263, PubMed:15690087). Subsequently, phosphorylates the STATs proteins once they are recruited to the receptor. Phosphorylated STATs then form homodimer or heterodimers and translocate to the nucleus to activate gene transcription. For example, cell stimulation with erythropoietin (EPO) during erythropoiesis leads to JAK2 autophosphorylation, activation, and its association with erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) that becomes phosphorylated in its cytoplasmic domain (PubMed:9657743). Then, STAT5 (STAT5A or STAT5B) is recruited, phosphorylated and activated by JAK2. Once activated, dimerized STAT5 translocates into the nucleus and promotes the transcription of several essential genes involved in the modulation of erythropoiesis. Part of a signaling cascade that is activated by increased cellular retinol and that leads to the activation of STAT5 (STAT5A or STAT5B) (PubMed:21368206). In addition, JAK2 mediates angiotensin-2-induced ARHGEF1 phosphorylation (PubMed:20098430). Plays a role in cell cycle by phosphorylating CDKN1B (PubMed:21423214). Cooperates with TEC through reciprocal phosphorylation to mediate cytokine-driven activation of FOS transcription. In the nucleus, plays a key role in chromatin by specifically mediating phosphorylation of 'Tyr-41' of histone H3 (H3Y41ph), a specific tag that promotes exclusion of CBX5 (HP1 alpha) from chromatin (PubMed:19783980)

Specific Function

Acetylcholine receptor binding

Gene Name

JAK2

Uniprot ID

O60674

Uniprot Name

Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2

Molecular Weight

130672.475 Da

References

1. Tam CS, Trotman J, Opat S, Burger JA, Cull G, Gottlieb D, Harrup R, Johnston PB, Marlton P, Munoz J, Seymour JF, Simpson D, Tedeschi A, Elstrom R, Yu Y, Tang Z, Han L, Huang J, Novotny W, Wang L, Roberts AW: Phase 1 study of the selective BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib in B-cell malignancies and safety and efficacy evaluation in CLL. Blood. 2019 Sep 12;134(11):851-859. doi: 10.1182/blood.2019001160. Epub 2019 Jul 24. [Article]
2. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]

Details8. Tyrosine-protein kinase Tec

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Non-receptor tyrosine kinase that contributes to signaling from many receptors and participates as a signal transducer in multiple downstream pathways, including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Plays a redundant role to ITK in regulation of the adaptive immune response. Regulates the development, function and differentiation of conventional T-cells and nonconventional NKT-cells. Required for TCR-dependent IL2 gene induction. Phosphorylates DOK1, one CD28-specific substrate, and contributes to CD28-signaling. Mediates signals that negatively regulate IL2RA expression induced by TCR cross-linking. Plays a redundant role to BTK in BCR-signaling for B-cell development and activation, especially by phosphorylating STAP1, a BCR-signaling protein. Required in mast cells for efficient cytokine production. Involved in both growth and differentiation mechanisms of myeloid cells through activation by the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor CSF3, a critical cytokine to promoting the growth, differentiation, and functional activation of myeloid cells. Participates in platelet signaling downstream of integrin activation. Cooperates with JAK2 through reciprocal phosphorylation to mediate cytokine-driven activation of FOS transcription. GRB10, a negative modifier of the FOS activation pathway, is another substrate of TEC. TEC is involved in G protein-coupled receptor- and integrin-mediated signalings in blood platelets. Plays a role in hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration and is involved in HGF-induced ERK signaling pathway. TEC regulates also FGF2 unconventional secretion (endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi-independent mechanism) under various physiological conditions through phosphorylation of FGF2 'Tyr-215'. May also be involved in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation

Specific Function

Atp binding

Gene Name

TEC

Uniprot ID

P42680

Uniprot Name

Tyrosine-protein kinase Tec

Molecular Weight

73580.73 Da

References

1. Tam CS, Trotman J, Opat S, Burger JA, Cull G, Gottlieb D, Harrup R, Johnston PB, Marlton P, Munoz J, Seymour JF, Simpson D, Tedeschi A, Elstrom R, Yu Y, Tang Z, Han L, Huang J, Novotny W, Wang L, Roberts AW: Phase 1 study of the selective BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib in B-cell malignancies and safety and efficacy evaluation in CLL. Blood. 2019 Sep 12;134(11):851-859. doi: 10.1182/blood.2019001160. Epub 2019 Jul 24. [Article]
2. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]

Details9. Tyrosine-protein kinase Blk

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in B-lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling (By similarity). B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling requires a tight regulation of several protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases, and associated coreceptors (By similarity). Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation (By similarity). Signaling through BLK plays an important role in transmitting signals through surface immunoglobulins and supports the pro-B to pre-B transition, as well as the signaling for growth arrest and apoptosis downstream of B-cell receptor (By similarity). Specifically binds and phosphorylates CD79A at 'Tyr-188'and 'Tyr-199', as well as CD79B at 'Tyr-196' and 'Tyr-207' (By similarity). Phosphorylates also the immunoglobulin G receptors FCGR2A, FCGR2B and FCGR2C (PubMed:8756631). With FYN and LYN, plays an essential role in pre-B-cell receptor (pre-BCR)-mediated NF-kappa-B activation (By similarity). Contributes also to BTK activation by indirectly stimulating BTK intramolecular autophosphorylation (By similarity). In pancreatic islets, acts as a modulator of beta-cells function through the up-regulation of PDX1 and NKX6-1 and consequent stimulation of insulin secretion in response to glucose (PubMed:19667185). Phosphorylates CGAS, promoting retention of CGAS in the cytosol (PubMed:30356214)

Specific Function

Atp binding

Gene Name

BLK

Uniprot ID

P51451

Uniprot Name

Tyrosine-protein kinase Blk

Molecular Weight

57706.01 Da

References

1. Tam CS, Trotman J, Opat S, Burger JA, Cull G, Gottlieb D, Harrup R, Johnston PB, Marlton P, Munoz J, Seymour JF, Simpson D, Tedeschi A, Elstrom R, Yu Y, Tang Z, Han L, Huang J, Novotny W, Wang L, Roberts AW: Phase 1 study of the selective BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib in B-cell malignancies and safety and efficacy evaluation in CLL. Blood. 2019 Sep 12;134(11):851-859. doi: 10.1182/blood.2019001160. Epub 2019 Jul 24. [Article]
2. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]

Details10. Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various processes such as cell growth, development, or differentiation. Mediates essential signaling events in both innate and adaptive immunity and plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis during T-cells development. In the cytoplasm, plays a pivotal role in signal transduction via its association with type I receptors sharing the common subunit gamma such as IL2R, IL4R, IL7R, IL9R, IL15R and IL21R. Following ligand binding to cell surface receptors, phosphorylates specific tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic tails of the receptor, creating docking sites for STATs proteins. Subsequently, phosphorylates the STATs proteins once they are recruited to the receptor. Phosphorylated STATs then form homodimer or heterodimers and translocate to the nucleus to activate gene transcription. For example, upon IL2R activation by IL2, JAK1 and JAK3 molecules bind to IL2R beta (IL2RB) and gamma chain (IL2RG) subunits inducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of both receptor subunits on their cytoplasmic domain. Then, STAT5A and STAT5B are recruited, phosphorylated and activated by JAK1 and JAK3. Once activated, dimerized STAT5 translocates to the nucleus and promotes the transcription of specific target genes in a cytokine-specific fashion

Specific Function

Atp binding

Gene Name

JAK3

Uniprot ID

P52333

Uniprot Name

Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3

Molecular Weight

125097.565 Da

References

1. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]

Details11. Protein-tyrosine kinase 6

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase implicated in the regulation of a variety of signaling pathways that control the differentiation and maintenance of normal epithelia, as well as tumor growth. Function seems to be context dependent and differ depending on cell type, as well as its intracellular localization. A number of potential nuclear and cytoplasmic substrates have been identified. These include the RNA-binding proteins: KHDRBS1/SAM68, KHDRBS2/SLM1, KHDRBS3/SLM2 and SFPQ/PSF; transcription factors: STAT3 and STAT5A/B and a variety of signaling molecules: ARHGAP35/p190RhoGAP, PXN/paxillin, BTK/ATK, STAP2/BKS. Associates also with a variety of proteins that are likely upstream of PTK6 in various signaling pathways, or for which PTK6 may play an adapter-like role. These proteins include ADAM15, EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3 and IRS4. In normal or non-tumorigenic tissues, PTK6 promotes cellular differentiation and apoptosis. In tumors PTK6 contributes to cancer progression by sensitizing cells to mitogenic signals and enhancing proliferation, anchorage-independent survival and migration/invasion. Association with EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3 may contribute to mammary tumor development and growth through enhancement of EGF-induced signaling via BTK/AKT and PI3 kinase. Contributes to migration and proliferation by contributing to EGF-mediated phosphorylation of ARHGAP35/p190RhoGAP, which promotes association with RASA1/p120RasGAP, inactivating RhoA while activating RAS. EGF stimulation resulted in phosphorylation of PNX/Paxillin by PTK6 and activation of RAC1 via CRK/CrKII, thereby promoting migration and invasion. PTK6 activates STAT3 and STAT5B to promote proliferation. Nuclear PTK6 may be important for regulating growth in normal epithelia, while cytoplasmic PTK6 might activate oncogenic signaling pathways

Specific Function

Atp binding

Gene Name

PTK6

Uniprot ID

Q13882

Uniprot Name

Protein-tyrosine kinase 6

Molecular Weight

51833.72 Da

References

1. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]

Details12. Tyrosine-protein kinase Fgr

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that transmits signals from cell surface receptors devoid of kinase activity and contributes to the regulation of immune responses, including neutrophil, monocyte, macrophage and mast cell functions, cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, phagocytosis, cell adhesion and migration. Promotes mast cell degranulation, release of inflammatory cytokines and IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Acts downstream of receptors that bind the Fc region of immunoglobulins, such as MS4A2/FCER1B, FCGR2A and/or FCGR2B. Acts downstream of ITGB1 and ITGB2, and regulates actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell spreading and adhesion. Depending on the context, activates or inhibits cellular responses. Functions as a negative regulator of ITGB2 signaling, phagocytosis and SYK activity in monocytes. Required for normal ITGB1 and ITGB2 signaling, normal cell spreading and adhesion in neutrophils and macrophages. Functions as a positive regulator of cell migration and regulates cytoskeleton reorganization via RAC1 activation. Phosphorylates SYK (in vitro) and promotes SYK-dependent activation of AKT1 and MAP kinase signaling. Phosphorylates PLD2 in antigen-stimulated mast cells, leading to PLD2 activation and the production of the signaling molecules lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol. Promotes activation of PIK3R1. Phosphorylates FASLG, and thereby regulates its ubiquitination and subsequent internalization. Phosphorylates ABL1. Promotes phosphorylation of CBL, CTTN, PIK3R1, PTK2/FAK1, PTK2B/PYK2 and VAV2. Phosphorylates HCLS1 that has already been phosphorylated by SYK, but not unphosphorylated HCLS1. Together with CLNK, it acts as a negative regulator of natural killer cell-activating receptors and inhibits interferon-gamma production (By similarity)

Specific Function

Atp binding

Gene Name

FGR

Uniprot ID

P09769

Uniprot Name

Tyrosine-protein kinase Fgr

Molecular Weight

59478.11 Da

References

1. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]

Details13. Tyrosine-protein kinase FRK

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that negatively regulates cell proliferation. Positively regulates PTEN protein stability through phosphorylation of PTEN on 'Tyr-336', which in turn prevents its ubiquitination and degradation, possibly by reducing its binding to NEDD4. May function as a tumor suppressor

Specific Function

Atp binding

Gene Name

FRK

Uniprot ID

P42685

Uniprot Name

Tyrosine-protein kinase FRK

Molecular Weight

58253.61 Da

References

1. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]

Details14. Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an essential role in the selection and maturation of developing T-cells in the thymus and in the function of mature T-cells. Plays a key role in T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)-linked signal transduction pathways. Constitutively associated with the cytoplasmic portions of the CD4 and CD8 surface receptors. Association of the TCR with a peptide antigen-bound MHC complex facilitates the interaction of CD4 and CD8 with MHC class II and class I molecules, respectively, thereby recruiting the associated LCK protein to the vicinity of the TCR/CD3 complex. LCK then phosphorylates tyrosine residues within the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM) of the cytoplasmic tails of the TCR-gamma chains and CD3 subunits, initiating the TCR/CD3 signaling pathway. Once stimulated, the TCR recruits the tyrosine kinase ZAP70, that becomes phosphorylated and activated by LCK. Following this, a large number of signaling molecules are recruited, ultimately leading to lymphokine production. LCK also contributes to signaling by other receptor molecules. Associates directly with the cytoplasmic tail of CD2, which leads to hyperphosphorylation and activation of LCK. Also plays a role in the IL2 receptor-linked signaling pathway that controls the T-cell proliferative response. Binding of IL2 to its receptor results in increased activity of LCK. Is expressed at all stages of thymocyte development and is required for the regulation of maturation events that are governed by both pre-TCR and mature alpha beta TCR. Phosphorylates other substrates including RUNX3, PTK2B/PYK2, the microtubule-associated protein MAPT, RHOH or TYROBP. Interacts with FYB2 (PubMed:27335501)

Specific Function

Atp binding

Gene Name

LCK

Uniprot ID

P06239

Uniprot Name

Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck

Molecular Weight

58000.15 Da

References

1. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]

Details15. Tyrosine-protein kinase TXK

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a redundant role with ITK in regulation of the adaptive immune response. Regulates the development, function and differentiation of conventional T-cells and nonconventional NKT-cells. When antigen presenting cells (APC) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), a series of phosphorylation leads to the recruitment of TXK to the cell membrane, where it is phosphorylated at Tyr-420. Phosphorylation leads to TXK full activation. Contributes also to signaling from many receptors and participates in multiple downstream pathways, including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Like ITK, can phosphorylate PLCG1, leading to its localization in lipid rafts and activation, followed by subsequent cleavage of its substrates. In turn, the endoplasmic reticulum releases calcium in the cytoplasm and the nuclear activator of activated T-cells (NFAT) translocates into the nucleus to perform its transcriptional duty. Plays a role in the positive regulation of IFNG transcription in T-helper 1 cells as part of an IFNG promoter-binding complex with PARP1 and EEF1A1 (PubMed:11859127, PubMed:17177976). Within the complex, phosphorylates both PARP1 and EEF1A1 (PubMed:17177976). Phosphorylates also key sites in LCP2 leading to the up-regulation of Th1 preferred cytokine IL-2. Phosphorylates 'Tyr-201' of CTLA4 which leads to the association of PI-3 kinase with the CTLA4 receptor

Specific Function

Atp binding

Gene Name

TXK

Uniprot ID

P42681

Uniprot Name

Tyrosine-protein kinase TXK

Molecular Weight

61257.9 Da

References

1. Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z: Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7923-7940. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687. Epub 2019 Aug 19. [Article]

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Drug created at May 20, 2019 14:44 / Updated at May 02, 2024 16:13