Ibrutinib

Identification

Summary

Ibrutinib is an antineoplastic agent used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia.

Brand Names
Imbruvica
Generic Name
Ibrutinib
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09053
Background

Ibrutinib is a small molecule that acts as an irreversible potent inhibitor of Burton's tyrosine kinase. It is designated as a targeted covalent drug and presented as a promising activity in B-cell malignancies in clinical trials.4 Ibrutinib was developed by Pharmacyclics Inc and was first approved by the FDA in November 2013 for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) under accelerated approval;16 however, in April 2023, the drug manufacturer withdrew the accelerated approvals for ibrutinib in the US.21

Ibrutinib was approved by the EMA in October 2014 19 and by Health Canada in November 2014.20 It is currently approved for the treatment of various conditions, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia, and chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) in August 2017.16 Notably, ibrutinib became the first FDA-approved cGVHD treatment for children in August 2017.18

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 440.507
Monoisotopic: 440.196074037
Chemical Formula
C25H24N6O2
Synonyms
  • 1-[(3R)-3-[4-Amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]piperidin-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one
  • Ibrutinib
External IDs
  • CRA-032765
  • PC-32765
  • PCI 32765
  • PCI-32765
  • PCI-32765-00

Pharmacology

Indication

Ibrutinib is indicated for the treatment of the following conditions.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)

  • In the US, it is used in adult patients with or without 17p deletion.17,19
  • In Europe and Canada, it is used as a single agent or combined with rituximab, obinutuzumab, or venetoclax in previously untreated CLL patients. In patients who have received at least one prior therapy, it is used as a single agent or in combination with bendamustine and rituximab.19,20

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia

  • It is used alone 17,19,20 or with rituximab.19,20
  • In Europe, it is approved for patients who have received at least one prior therapy or in first-line treatment for patients unsuitable for chemoimmunotherapy.19

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD)

  • In the US, it is approved in patients aged one year and older after the prior failure of one or more lines of systemic therapy.17
  • In Canada, it is approved in adults with steroid-dependent or refractory cGVHD.20

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)

  • In Europe and Canada, ibrutinib is also indicated to treat relapsed or refractory MCL in adults.19,20

Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL)

  • In Canada, it is approved for adults who require systemic therapy and have received at least one prior anti-CD20-based therapy.20
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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofChronic graft-versus-host disease••••••••••••••••••• •• •• ••••• ••• ••••• •••••••• ••••••••••••••• ••••••••••• ••••••
Used in combination to treatChronic lymphocytic leukemiaRegimen in combination with: Rituximab (DB00073)••••••••••••••••••• ••••• ••• ••••• ••••••••••••••• ••••••
Used in combination to treatChronic lymphocytic leukemiaRegimen in combination with: Bendamustine (DB06769)••••••••••••••••••• ••••• ••• ••••• ••••••••••••••• ••••••
Used in combination to treatChronic lymphocytic leukemiaRegimen in combination with: Venetoclax (DB11581)•••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••• ••••••
Used in combination to treatChronic lymphocytic leukemiaRegimen in combination with: Obinutuzumab (DB08935)•••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••• ••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

In vitro studies have shown an induction of CLL cell apoptosis even in presence of prosurvival factors. It has also been reported an inhibition of CLL cell survival and proliferation as well as an impaired in cell migration and a reduction in the secretion of chemokines such as CCL3 and CCL4. The latter effect has been shown to produce regression in xenograft mouse models.6

Clinical studies for relapsed/refractory CLL in phase I and II showed an approximate 71% of overall response rate.7,8. In the case of relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma, approximately 70% of the tested patients presented a partial or complete response.7,9. In clinical trials for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, a partial response was found in between 15-20% of the patients studied; while for patients with relapsed/refractory Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, a partial response was observed in over 75% of the patients tested. Finally, for patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma, a partial to complete response was obtained in approximately 54% of the patients.7

Mechanism of action

Ibrutinib is an inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). It forms a covalent bond with a cysteine residue in the active site of BTK (Cys481), leading to its inhibition. The inhibition of BTK plays a role in the B-cell receptor signaling and thus, the presence of ibrutinib prevents the phosphorylation of downstream substrates such as PLC-γ.6

TargetActionsOrganism
ATyrosine-protein kinase BTK
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Ibrutinib is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and it presents a Cmax, tmax and AUC of approximately 35 ng/ml, 1-2 hour and 953 mg.h/ml respectively.11

Volume of distribution

The volume of distribution at steady-state of ibrutinib is in approximately 10,000 L.11

Protein binding

Irreversible plasma protein binding increases gradually over time and reaches 25% of the administered dose 8 hours after initial administration. From the plasma proteins, ibrutinib has been shown to be mainly bound to albumin and to bind to α1 AGP.3 The irreversible protein binding of ibrutinib to plasma proteins can account for 97.3% of the administered dose.11

Metabolism

Three metabolic pathways have been identified according to the possible metabolites. These pathways are the hydroxylation of the phenyl group (M35), the opening of the piperidine with a reduction of the primary alcohol (M34) and the oxidation to a carboxylic acid and epoxidation of the ethylene followed by a hydrolysis to the formation of dihydrodiol (PCI-45227). The latter metabolite presents also 15 times lower inhibitory activity against BTK. The metabolism of ibrutinib is mainly performed by CYP3A5 and CYP3A4. and in a minor extent it is seen to be performed by CYP2D6.3

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Route of elimination

The cumulative excretion of ibrutinib in urine is of about 7.8% of the administered dose and most of this excretion is found during the first 24 hours after administration. In feces, the cumulative excretion accounts for 80% of the administered dose and the excretion occurs within 48 hours of the initial administration. The total excretion of ibrutinib during the first 168 hours after initial administration accounts for 88.5% of the administered dose.3

Half-life

The elimination half-life of ibrutinib is of approximately 4-6 hours.11

Clearance

In patients with normal renal function, the clearance rate is in the range of 112-159 ml/min.3

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Ibrutinib was not showed to present a mutagenic potential in bacterial assays, nor clastogenic in chromosome aberration assays in mammalian cells or in bone marrow micronucleus assays in mice. Carcinogenicity or effects on fertility have not been determined.16

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Ibrutinib can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Ibrutinib can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbciximabThe risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Ibrutinib is combined with Abciximab.
AbirateroneThe metabolism of Ibrutinib can be decreased when combined with Abiraterone.
AcalabrutinibThe metabolism of Ibrutinib can be decreased when combined with Acalabrutinib.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid grapefruit products. Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism, which may increase the serum concentration of ibrutinib.
  • Avoid St. John's Wort. This herb induces CYP3A4 and may reduce the serum concentration of ibrutinib.
  • Take at the same time every day.
  • Take with a full glass of water.

Products

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Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
ImbruvicaCapsule140 mgOralJanssen Cilag International Nv2016-09-08Not applicableEU flag
ImbruvicaTablet, film coated280 mg/1OralPharmacyclics LLC2018-02-16Not applicableUS flag
ImbruvicaSuspension70 mg/1mLOralPharmacyclics LLC2022-08-24Not applicableUS flag
ImbruvicaTablet280 mgOralJanssen PharmaceuticalsNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag
ImbruvicaTablet, film coated560 mg/1OralPharmacyclics LLC2018-02-16Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
L01EL01 — Ibrutinib
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diphenylethers. These are aromatic compounds containing two benzene rings linked to each other through an ether group.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Benzene and substituted derivatives
Sub Class
Diphenylethers
Direct Parent
Diphenylethers
Alternative Parents
Diarylethers / Phenylpyrazoles / Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines / N-acylpiperidines / Phenol ethers / Phenoxy compounds / Aminopyrimidines and derivatives / Imidolactams / Heteroaromatic compounds / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides
show 8 more
Substituents
Acrylic acid or derivatives / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aminopyrimidine / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Azole / Carbonyl group / Carboxamide group / Carboxylic acid derivative
show 24 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
aromatic ether, N-acylpiperidine, aromatic amine, pyrazolopyrimidine, acrylamides (CHEBI:76612)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
1X70OSD4VX
CAS number
936563-96-1
InChI Key
XYFPWWZEPKGCCK-GOSISDBHSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C25H24N6O2/c1-2-21(32)30-14-6-7-18(15-30)31-25-22(24(26)27-16-28-25)23(29-31)17-10-12-20(13-11-17)33-19-8-4-3-5-9-19/h2-5,8-13,16,18H,1,6-7,14-15H2,(H2,26,27,28)/t18-/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
1-[(3R)-3-[4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]piperidin-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one
SMILES
NC1=NC=NC2=C1C(=NN2[C@@H]1CCCN(C1)C(=O)C=C)C1=CC=C(OC2=CC=CC=C2)C=C1

References

General References
  1. Bagcchi S: Ibrutinib in pretreated Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. Lancet Oncol. 2015 May;16(5):e204. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70185-3. Epub 2015 Apr 16. [Article]
  2. Kim ES, Dhillon S: Ibrutinib: a review of its use in patients with mantle cell lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Drugs. 2015 May;75(7):769-76. doi: 10.1007/s40265-015-0380-3. [Article]
  3. Scheers E, Leclercq L, de Jong J, Bode N, Bockx M, Laenen A, Cuyckens F, Skee D, Murphy J, Sukbuntherng J, Mannens G: Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of oral (1)(4)C radiolabeled ibrutinib: an open-label, phase I, single-dose study in healthy men. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 Feb;43(2):289-97. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.060061. Epub 2014 Dec 8. [Article]
  4. Berglof A, Hamasy A, Meinke S, Palma M, Krstic A, Mansson R, Kimby E, Osterborg A, Smith CI: Targets for Ibrutinib Beyond B Cell Malignancies. Scand J Immunol. 2015 Sep;82(3):208-17. doi: 10.1111/sji.12333. [Article]
  5. Sellner L, Denzinger S, Dietrich S, Glimm H, Merkel O, Dreger P, Zenz T: What do we do with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion? Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2013 Mar;8(1):81-90. doi: 10.1007/s11899-012-0143-0. [Article]
  6. Davids MS, Brown JR: Ibrutinib: a first in class covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Future Oncol. 2014 May;10(6):957-67. doi: 10.2217/fon.14.51. [Article]
  7. Advani RH, Buggy JJ, Sharman JP, Smith SM, Boyd TE, Grant B, Kolibaba KS, Furman RR, Rodriguez S, Chang BY, Sukbuntherng J, Izumi R, Hamdy A, Hedrick E, Fowler NH: Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib (PCI-32765) has significant activity in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Jan 1;31(1):88-94. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.42.7906. Epub 2012 Oct 8. [Article]
  8. Byrd JC, Furman RR, Coutre SE, Flinn IW, Burger JA, Blum KA, Grant B, Sharman JP, Coleman M, Wierda WG, Jones JA, Zhao W, Heerema NA, Johnson AJ, Sukbuntherng J, Chang BY, Clow F, Hedrick E, Buggy JJ, James DF, O'Brien S: Targeting BTK with ibrutinib in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jul 4;369(1):32-42. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1215637. Epub 2013 Jun 19. [Article]
  9. Wang ML, Rule S, Martin P, Goy A, Auer R, Kahl BS, Jurczak W, Advani RH, Romaguera JE, Williams ME, Barrientos JC, Chmielowska E, Radford J, Stilgenbauer S, Dreyling M, Jedrzejczak WW, Johnson P, Spurgeon SE, Li L, Zhang L, Newberry K, Ou Z, Cheng N, Fang B, McGreivy J, Clow F, Buggy JJ, Chang BY, Beaupre DM, Kunkel LA, Blum KA: Targeting BTK with ibrutinib in relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 8;369(6):507-16. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1306220. Epub 2013 Jun 19. [Article]
  10. Authors unspecified: Ibrutinib. Aust Prescr. 2015 Oct;38(5):178-80. Epub 2015 Jun 15. [Article]
  11. Bronson J., Black A., Dhar M., Ellsworth B. and Merritt R. (2014). Annual reports in medicinal chemistry. Elsevier.
  12. FDA: Ibrutinib cGVHD approval [Link]
  13. Canadian cancer society [Link]
  14. National Cancer Institute [Link]
  15. American Cancer Society [Link]
  16. FDA Approved Drug Products: Imbruvica (ibrutinib) oral capsules [Link]
  17. FDA Approved Drug Products: IMBRUVICA (ibrutinib) capsules, tablets, or suspension, for oral use (August 2022) [Link]
  18. Janssen Biotech: IMBRUVICA for Previously Treated cGVHD in Children 1 Year and Older [Link]
  19. EMA Approved Drug Products: Imbruvica (ibrutinib) Oral Capsules or Tablets [Link]
  20. Health Canada Approved Drug Products: IMBRUVICA (ibrutinib) Oral Capsules or Tablets [Link]
  21. BioSpace: AbbVie, J&J Pull Two Accelerated Approvals for Imbruvica [Link]
KEGG Drug
D10223
PubChem Compound
24821094
PubChem Substance
310264995
ChemSpider
26637187
BindingDB
50357312
RxNav
1442981
ChEBI
76612
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1873475
ZINC
ZINC000035328014
PharmGKB
PA166121346
PDBe Ligand
1E8
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Ibrutinib
PDB Entries
4ifg / 4rz7 / 5p9i / 5yu9 / 6l8l / 6yg2 / 6yz4
FDA label
Download (579 KB)
MSDS
Download (24.9 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
CapsuleOral
CapsuleOral140 mg/1
CapsuleOral140.000 mg
CapsuleOral70 mg/1
SuspensionOral70 mg / mL
SuspensionOral70 mg/1mL
TabletOral140 mg
TabletOral140.00 mg
TabletOral280 mg
TabletOral420 mg
TabletOral560 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral140 Mg
Tablet, film coatedOral140 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral280 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral420 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral560 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral280 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral420 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral560 mg
Tablet, coatedOral140 mg
Tablet, coatedOral420 mg
Tablet, coatedOral560 mg
Capsule, coatedOral140 mg
Tablet, coatedOral280 mg
CapsuleOral140 mg
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US8476284Yes2013-07-022027-06-28US flag
US8703780Yes2014-04-222027-06-28US flag
US8754090Yes2014-06-172031-12-03US flag
US8497277Yes2013-07-302027-06-28US flag
US9125889Yes2015-09-082031-12-03US flag
US8999999Yes2015-04-072031-12-03US flag
US8697711Yes2014-04-152027-06-28US flag
US8754091Yes2014-06-172027-06-28US flag
US9181257Yes2015-11-102027-06-28US flag
US8957079Yes2015-02-172027-06-28US flag
US8008309Yes2011-08-302028-05-13US flag
US8735403Yes2014-05-272027-06-28US flag
US9296753Yes2016-03-292034-04-30US flag
US7514444Yes2009-04-072027-06-28US flag
US9540382Yes2017-01-102034-02-18US flag
US8952015Yes2015-02-102027-06-28US flag
US9725455Yes2017-08-082033-12-03US flag
US9713617Yes2017-07-252033-12-03US flag
US9795604Yes2017-10-242035-04-24US flag
US9801883Yes2017-10-312031-12-03US flag
US9801881Yes2017-10-312031-12-03US flag
US9814721Yes2017-11-142031-12-03US flag
US8563563Yes2013-10-222027-10-26US flag
US9655857Yes2017-05-232036-09-03US flag
US10004746Yes2018-06-262031-12-03US flag
US10016435Yes2018-07-102031-12-03US flag
US10010507Yes2018-07-032036-09-03US flag
US10106548Yes2018-10-232033-12-03US flag
US10125140Yes2018-11-132033-12-03US flag
US10213386Yes2019-02-262036-09-03US flag
US10294232Yes2019-05-212033-12-03US flag
US10294231Yes2019-05-212033-12-03US flag
US10463668Yes2019-11-052035-04-24US flag
US10478439Yes2019-11-192031-12-03US flag
US10653696Yes2020-05-192031-12-03US flag
US10695350Yes2020-06-302035-04-24US flag
US10752634Yes2020-08-252033-12-03US flag
US10751342Yes2020-08-252031-12-03US flag
US10828259Yes2020-11-102036-09-03US flag
US10961251Yes2021-03-302033-12-03US flag
US11672803No2011-06-032031-06-03US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)149-158ºCFDA Imbruvica review. (2013)
water solubility0.003 mg/mlFDA Imbruvica review. (2013)
logP3.97FDA Imbruvica review. (2013)
pKa3.74FDA Imbruvica review. (2013)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0203 mg/mLALOGPS
logP2.76ALOGPS
logP3.63Chemaxon
logS-4.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)19.7Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)6.58Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area99.16 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count5Chemaxon
Refractivity138.07 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability47.84 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings5Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-0001900000-e86b828ac892243c45f9
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0000900000-2d94f53d3b7c2045897d
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000l-1009400000-d2f56d4a02e2b00d9173
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000l-6026900000-16d6ee72f7c7ad8d7728
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ufu-0019400000-559c70f104ee3e739cf6
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9415100000-aeb255ae330fece1da44
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-196.38197
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+198.77754
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+204.69006
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Protein tyrosine kinase activity
Specific Function
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately le...
Gene Name
BTK
Uniprot ID
Q06187
Uniprot Name
Tyrosine-protein kinase BTK
Molecular Weight
76280.71 Da
References
  1. Kim ES, Dhillon S: Ibrutinib: a review of its use in patients with mantle cell lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Drugs. 2015 May;75(7):769-76. doi: 10.1007/s40265-015-0380-3. [Article]
  2. Bond DA, Woyach JA: Targeting BTK in CLL: Beyond Ibrutinib. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2019 Jun;14(3):197-205. doi: 10.1007/s11899-019-00512-0. [Article]
  3. Thompson PA, Burger JA: Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors: first and second generation agents for patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2018 Jan;27(1):31-42. doi: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1404027. Epub 2017 Nov 15. [Article]
  4. McWilliams EM, Lucas CR, Chen T, Harrington BK, Wasmuth R, Campbell A, Rogers KA, Cheney CM, Mo X, Andritsos LA, Awan FT, Woyach J, Carson WE 3rd, Butchar J, Tridandapani S, Hertlein E, Castro CE, Muthusamy N, Byrd JC: Anti-BAFF-R antibody VAY-736 demonstrates promising preclinical activity in CLL and enhances effectiveness of ibrutinib. Blood Adv. 2019 Feb 12;3(3):447-460. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018025684. [Article]
  5. Castillo JJ, Treon SP: What is new in the treatment of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia? Leukemia. 2019 Nov;33(11):2555-2562. doi: 10.1038/s41375-019-0592-8. Epub 2019 Oct 7. [Article]
  6. Zheng TJ, Lofurno ER, Melrose AR, Lakshmanan HHS, Pang J, Phillips KG, Fallon ME, Kohs TCL, Ngo ATP, Shatzel JJ, Hinds MT, McCarty OJT, Aslan JE: Assessment of the effects of Syk and BTK inhibitors on GPVI-mediated platelet signaling and function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2021 May 1;320(5):C902-C915. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00296.2020. Epub 2021 Mar 10. [Article]
  7. Kaliamurthi S, Selvaraj G, Selvaraj C, Singh SK, Wei DQ, Peslherbe GH: Structure-Based Virtual Screening Reveals Ibrutinib and Zanubrutinib as Potential Repurposed Drugs against COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jun 30;22(13). pii: ijms22137071. doi: 10.3390/ijms22137071. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Scheers E, Leclercq L, de Jong J, Bode N, Bockx M, Laenen A, Cuyckens F, Skee D, Murphy J, Sukbuntherng J, Mannens G: Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of oral (1)(4)C radiolabeled ibrutinib: an open-label, phase I, single-dose study in healthy men. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 Feb;43(2):289-97. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.060061. Epub 2014 Dec 8. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID
P20815
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A5
Molecular Weight
57108.065 Da
References
  1. Scheers E, Leclercq L, de Jong J, Bode N, Bockx M, Laenen A, Cuyckens F, Skee D, Murphy J, Sukbuntherng J, Mannens G: Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of oral (1)(4)C radiolabeled ibrutinib: an open-label, phase I, single-dose study in healthy men. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 Feb;43(2):289-97. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.060061. Epub 2014 Dec 8. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Scheers E, Leclercq L, de Jong J, Bode N, Bockx M, Laenen A, Cuyckens F, Skee D, Murphy J, Sukbuntherng J, Mannens G: Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of oral (1)(4)C radiolabeled ibrutinib: an open-label, phase I, single-dose study in healthy men. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 Feb;43(2):289-97. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.060061. Epub 2014 Dec 8. [Article]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Scheers E, Leclercq L, de Jong J, Bode N, Bockx M, Laenen A, Cuyckens F, Skee D, Murphy J, Sukbuntherng J, Mannens G: Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of oral (1)(4)C radiolabeled ibrutinib: an open-label, phase I, single-dose study in healthy men. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 Feb;43(2):289-97. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.060061. Epub 2014 Dec 8. [Article]
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Not Available
Specific Function
Functions as transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Also binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and availability in...

Components:
References
  1. Scheers E, Leclercq L, de Jong J, Bode N, Bockx M, Laenen A, Cuyckens F, Skee D, Murphy J, Sukbuntherng J, Mannens G: Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of oral (1)(4)C radiolabeled ibrutinib: an open-label, phase I, single-dose study in healthy men. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 Feb;43(2):289-97. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.060061. Epub 2014 Dec 8. [Article]

Drug created at May 07, 2015 19:33 / Updated at December 05, 2023 12:31