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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Xanthosine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124866MetabolicThe purines are guanine and adenine. These undergo metabolism in the liver to form xanthosine. Adenine forms adenosine through the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase. … Xanthosine then enters the blood where it can have detrimental effects on other organs such as the kidney, causing renal failure and the heart causing cardiovascular disease.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Dimethylglycine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124873MetabolicDimethylglycine (DMG) is an amino acid derivative found in the cells of all plants and animals and can be obtained in the diet in small amounts from grains and meat. … Dimethylglycine enters the bloodstream and can cause toxic effects on the cardiovascular system.
Drugs: Choline · Methionine · NADH · Zinc · N,N-dimethylglycine · Flavin adenine dinucleotide +1 more2-Hydroxyglutric Aciduria (D and L Form)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000136DiseaseA deficiency in this enzyme results in accumulation of L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid in plasma, spinal fluid, and urine; and L-lysine in plasma and spinal fluid. … A deficiency in this enzyme results in accumulation of D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid in plasma, spinal fluid, and urine; oxoglutaric acid in urine; and gabba-aminobutyric acid in spinal fluid.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Pyruvic acid · Biotin · Aspartic acid · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate +17 moreMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Orotic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124870MetabolicL-glutamine is first converted to carbamoyl phosphate then to N-Carbamoyl-L-aspartate and finally to dihydroorotate by the CAD protein (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and … It originates from l-glutamine, which is obtained from protein sources such as red meat and eggs in the diet. L-glutamine is metabolized to orotate in the liver.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Oxalic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124875MetabolicGlyoxylate is generated through glycine and hydroxyproline catabolism and can be converted to oxalate. In humans, this process takes place in the liver. … Glycine and hydroxyproline comes from protein sources in the diet such as red meat and eggs. Glycine Is converted into glyoxylate in the peroxisome by the enzyme d-amino acid oxidase.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ascorbic acid · Succinic acid · Glutamic acid · Glycine · Proline +4 moreEnzymes: Sodium- and chloride-dependent transporter XTRP3, Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1Metabolsim and Physiological Effects of Argininic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125504MetabolicArginnosuccinate is synthesized from citrulline and aspartic acid by the enzyme argininosuccinate synthase. That is catalyzed by argininosuccinate lyase to produce arginine and fumaric acid. … Argininic acid is a uremic toxin that is toxic to the nervous system, and it causes various neurlogical disorders such as variable degree of mental retardation, epilepsy and progressive spasticity.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Arginine · Aspartic acid · Ornithine · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate +10 moreEnzymes: Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar1Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Uric acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124845MetabolicUric acid can enter the blood and produce toxic effects on the cardiovascular, renal and joints, leading to cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and arthritis/ gout. … The purines are guanine and adenine. These undergo metabolism in the liver to form uric acid. Adenine forms adenosine through the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of 3-Deoxyglucosone
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125516MetabolicIt normally is synthesized and accumulates with high serum glucose due to diabetes. 3-deoxyglucosone causes cell apoptosis and neurotoxicity. … An amino acid like arginine or lysine are combined with glucose to make a schiff base and water. The schiff base is unstable so it becomes the stable amadori product.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Beta-Alanine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126732MetabolicIt is a component of the naturally occurring peptides carnosine and anserine and also of pantothenic acid (vitamin B-5), which itself is a component of coenzyme A. … It is formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine.
Intracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2a and Adenosine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000320SignalingThe A2A receptor is also expressed in the brain, where it has important roles in the regulation of glutamate and dopamine release.
Drugs: ATP · Adenosine · Magnesium cation · Zinc · Cyclic adenosine monophosphate · Pyrophosphoric acid